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{{disputed|date=February 2014}}
{{disputed|date=February 2014}}
{{Hinduism}}
{{Hinduism}}
'''Adimo''' is the first human, and Heva the first woman, in a creation story in the ''[[Roberto de Nobili#The Ezourvedam|Ezourvedam]]'', a forgery "consisting of certain 'Vedic' materials translated by Jesuits with the intention of isolating elements most in harmony with Christianity."{{sfn|Cowan|2010|p=40}}{{sfn|App|2011|p=52}}
The '''''Ezourvedam''''' is a forgery "consisting of certain 'Vedic' materials translated by Jesuits with the intention of isolating elements most in harmony with Christianity."{{sfn|Cowan|2010|p=40}}{{sfn|App|2011|p=52}}


==History and authorship==
==Etymology==
A manuscript called ''Ezourvedam]] was given to [[Voltaire]] in 1760 by Louis-Laurent de Federbe, Chevalier de Maudave.{{sfn|Maurer|1988|p=326}} The text was in French, and said to be a French translation of a Sanskrit original.{{sfn|Maurer|1988|p=326}} Voltaire was enthusiastic about the work, had it copied, and brought it to the attention of others.{{sfn|Maurer|1988|p=326}} It was first published in 1778.{{sfn|Maurer|1988|p=327}} Its genuineness was first questioned in 1782; these doubts were confirmed in 1822.{{sfn|Maurer|1988|p=327}} Rather than an original Sanskrit work, the ''Ezourvedam'' turned out to be a French text, written by French Jesuits,a nd meant to be translated into Sanskrit.{{sfn|Maurer|1988|p=327}}
Also referred as ''Adamu'', Adimo is derived from a [[Sanskrit]] word (अदिमो) meaning "the first one".{{sfn|Rocher|1984|p=69}}


==Influence==
==Title==
The name ''Ezourvedam'' was sometimes taken to be a corruption of [[Yajurveda]],{{sfn|Maurer|1988|p=327}} but the Ezourvedam has nothing in common with the Yajurveda.{{sfn|Maurer|1988|p=327}} The ''Ezourvedam'' itself refers to the Yajurveda as ''Zozu-vedam''.{{sfn|Maurer|1988|p=327}} "Ezour" is the sandhi-form of "Ezous-", that is, "Jezus", based on the Latin pronunciation usd by the Jesuits.{{sfn|Maurer|1988|p=328}} Thename "Ezourvedam" means something like "Gospel of Jesus".{{sfn|Maurer|1988|p=328}}
Despite the fact that the ''Ezourvedam'' soon came to be regarded as a forgery,{{sfn|App|2011|p=52}} its contents did receive some positive attention.

==Adimo==
Adimo is the first human, and Heva the first woman, in a creation story in the Ezouvedam. Also referred as ''Adamu'', "Adam" is introduced in the ''Ezourvedam'' as "Adimo", "a perfectly acceptable [[Sanskrit]] term meaning "the first one.""{{sfn|Rocher|1984|p=69}}


French philosopher [[Voltaire]] (1694-1778), who has been critisized for his uncritical acceptance of "tainted sources",{{sfn|App|2011|p=53}} regarded [[Adam and eve]] to have been derived from Adimo and Heva:
French philosopher [[Voltaire]] (1694-1778), who has been critisized for his uncritical acceptance of "tainted sources",{{sfn|App|2011|p=53}} regarded [[Adam and eve]] to have been derived from Adimo and Heva:
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* {{Citation | last =Cowan | first =Robert | year =2010 | title =The Indo-German Identification: Reconciling South Asian Origins and European Destinies, 1765-1885 | publisher =[[Camden House Publishing]] | isbn = 9781571134639 | url =http://books.google.nl/books?id=6nSQ6WyHhuYC&dq=The+Indo-German+Identification:+Reconciling+South+Asian+Origins+and+European+Destinies,+1765-1885&hl=nl&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}
* {{Citation | last =Cowan | first =Robert | year =2010 | title =The Indo-German Identification: Reconciling South Asian Origins and European Destinies, 1765-1885 | publisher =[[Camden House Publishing]] | isbn = 9781571134639 | url =http://books.google.nl/books?id=6nSQ6WyHhuYC&dq=The+Indo-German+Identification:+Reconciling+South+Asian+Origins+and+European+Destinies,+1765-1885&hl=nl&source=gbs_navlinks_s}}
* {{Citation | last =Maurer | first =Walter Harding | year =1988 | title =Review of "Ezourvedam: A French Veda of the Eighteenth Century" | journal =Journal of the American Oriental Society 108.2 (1988)}}
* {{Citation | last =Maurer | first =Walter Harding | year =1988 | title =Review of "Ezourvedam: A French Veda of the Eighteenth Century" | journal =Journal of the American Oriental Society 108.2 (1988)}}
* {{Citation | last =Rocher | first =Ludo | year =1984 | title =Ezourvedam: A French Veda of the Eighteenth Century | publisher =John Benjamins Publishing}}
* {{Citation | last =Rocher | first =Ludo | year =1984 | title =Ezourvedam: A French Veda of the Eighteenth Century | publisher =John Benjamins Publishing | url =http://books.google.nl/books/about/Ezourvedam.html?id=fM9VuzTwBesC&redir_esc=y}}
{{refend}}
{{refend}}


==Further Reading==
==Further Reading==
* {{Citation | last =App | first =Urs | year =2011 | title =The Birth of Orientalism. Chapter 1: Voltaire's Veda | publisher =University of Pennsylvania Press | url =http://books.google.nl/books/about/The_Birth_of_Orientalism.html?id=7iTIXXjyXPQC&redir_esc=y}}

* {{Citation | last =Rocher | first =Ludo | year =1984 | title =Ezourvedam: A French Veda of the Eighteenth Century | publisher =John Benjamins Publishing | url =http://books.google.nl/books/about/Ezourvedam.html?id=fM9VuzTwBesC&redir_esc=y}}
* [[Constantine Samuel Rafinesque]] (1836), ''The American nations; or, Outlines of their general history, ancient and modern'', p. 104
* ''Adam's Ancestors: Race, Religion, and the Politics of Human Origins'', by David N. Livingstone, ''2008''
* ''Aryans, Jews, Brahmins: Theorizing Authority through Myths of Identity'', by Dorothy M. Figueira, ''2002''
* ''346 Striking Analogies Between Christ and Krishn'' by Kersey Graves, ''2010''


[[Category:Hinduism]]
[[Category:Hinduism]]

Revision as of 07:13, 19 February 2014

The Ezourvedam is a forgery "consisting of certain 'Vedic' materials translated by Jesuits with the intention of isolating elements most in harmony with Christianity."[1][2]

History and authorship

A manuscript called Ezourvedam]] was given to Voltaire in 1760 by Louis-Laurent de Federbe, Chevalier de Maudave.[3] The text was in French, and said to be a French translation of a Sanskrit original.[3] Voltaire was enthusiastic about the work, had it copied, and brought it to the attention of others.[3] It was first published in 1778.[4] Its genuineness was first questioned in 1782; these doubts were confirmed in 1822.[4] Rather than an original Sanskrit work, the Ezourvedam turned out to be a French text, written by French Jesuits,a nd meant to be translated into Sanskrit.[4]

Title

The name Ezourvedam was sometimes taken to be a corruption of Yajurveda,[4] but the Ezourvedam has nothing in common with the Yajurveda.[4] The Ezourvedam itself refers to the Yajurveda as Zozu-vedam.[4] "Ezour" is the sandhi-form of "Ezous-", that is, "Jezus", based on the Latin pronunciation usd by the Jesuits.[5] Thename "Ezourvedam" means something like "Gospel of Jesus".[5]

Adimo

Adimo is the first human, and Heva the first woman, in a creation story in the Ezouvedam. Also referred as Adamu, "Adam" is introduced in the Ezourvedam as "Adimo", "a perfectly acceptable Sanskrit term meaning "the first one.""[6]

French philosopher Voltaire (1694-1778), who has been critisized for his uncritical acceptance of "tainted sources",[7] regarded Adam and eve to have been derived from Adimo and Heva:

What is even more extraordinary is that the Vedam of the ancient Brahmans teaches that the first man was Adimo and the first woman Procriti. Adimo signifies Lord, and Procriti means life, even as Heva, among the Phoenicians and the Hebrews, signified also life or the serpent. This conformity deserves special attention."[6]

Along with Adimo, other characters include Heva, and three sons of Noe, they are Sherma, Hama and Jiapheta, which have been related with Noah, Shem, Ham, Japeth.[8] Kersey Graves (1830-1883),[9][10] Ralph Griffiths (1720-1803)[11][12] regarded these stories to have been replicated into middle eastern legends.

According to George Smith (1840-1876), Adimo is a character of a folk tale, which was written by Ramutsariar, about 2,000 of years before Bible.[13] The story regards Adimo to be first human, and Heva to be first woman.[14]

According to Carrillo, the story about Adimo can be also found in Rigveda.[15]

References

  1. ^ Cowan 2010, p. 40.
  2. ^ App 2011, p. 52. sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFApp2011 (help)
  3. ^ a b c Maurer 1988, p. 326.
  4. ^ a b c d e f Maurer 1988, p. 327.
  5. ^ a b Maurer 1988, p. 328.
  6. ^ a b Rocher 1984, p. 69. sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFRocher1984 (help)
  7. ^ App 2011, p. 53. sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFApp2011 (help)
  8. ^ Madalyn Murray O'Hair. What on earth is an atheist!. American Atheist Press. p. 186. I am sorry - of Adimo and Heva, called Sherma, Hama and Jiapheta. Does this sound to you like Shem, and Ham and Japeth? Originally from University of Michigan
  9. ^ The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Bible Of Bibles;, by Kersey Graves and Lydia M. Graves, 1879
  10. ^ Bible Lecture – Introduction to the Bible and the Old Testament
  11. ^ "The Monthly Review - Volume 29" page 489, by Ralph Griffiths, G. E. Griffiths, Originally from :- Harvard University
  12. ^ Frank Bruce Robinson. God ... and Dr. Bannister: This War Can be Stopped. p. 197. the first created couple in the christian bible were Adam and Eve, while in the Hindoo bible they were Adam and Heva. Originally from University of California
  13. ^ Lazima Tutashinda (1997). The Bold Truth. Reciprocity Publishing. p. 233. George Smith found an account on Creation identical with that of the Bible, and in it the first man is Adami. In a Hindu book two thousand years older than bible, The Prophecies by Ramutsariar. original from the University of Michigan
  14. ^ Cowan 2010.
  15. ^ Carrillo 2009, p. 56.

Sources

Further Reading