Anatomical terms of bone: Difference between revisions
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File:602 Bone Markings.jpg |
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File:606 Spongy Bone.jpg |
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File:604 Bone cells.jpg|Maybe? |
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File:607 Periosteum and Endosteum.jpg |
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File:608 Endochrondal Ossification.jpg |
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File:609 Body Supply to the Bone.jpg |
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File:619 Red and Yellow Bone Marrow.jpg |
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File:621 Anatomy of a Flat Bone.jpg |
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File:623 Epiphyseal Plate-Line.jpg |
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File:624 Diagram of Compact Bone-new.jpg |
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Revision as of 07:45, 6 March 2014
Many anatomical terms describing to bone are anatomical terminology, often derived from Greek and Latin, that serve to describe bone.
Protrusions
Process, tubercle, condyle, epicondyle, malleolus, eminence
Articulations
Rounded
|- |- |- | eminence|| A relatively small projection or bump. |-
| condyle|| A large, rounded articular process. | epicondyle|| A projection near to a condyle but not part of the joint. |- | facet|| A small, flattened articular surface. |- |- |-
|- |- | process|| A relatively large projection or prominent bump.(gen.) |- | ramus|| An arm-like branch off the body of a bone. |- | tubercle|| A projection or bump with a roughened surface, generally smaller than a tuberosity. |- | tuberosity|| A projection or bump with a roughened surface. |}
Pointed
| crest|| A prominent ridge.
| line|| A long, thin projection, often with a rough surface. Also known as a ridge.
| spine|| A relatively long, thin projection or bump.
Special
These terms are used to describe bony protuberances in specific parts of the body.
The Malleolus (Template:Lang-la) is the bony prominence on each side of the ankle. [1] These are known as the medial and lateral malleolus. Each leg is supported by two bones, the tibia on the inner side (medial) of the leg and the fibula on the outer side (lateral) of the leg. The medial malleolus is the prominence on the inner side of the ankle, formed by the lower end of the tibia. The lateral malleolus is the prominence on the outer side of the ankle, formed by the lower end of the fibula.
The trochanters are parts of the femur, to which muscles attach. [2] It may refer to the greater, lesser, or third trochanter
Cavities
Openings
The following terms are used to describe cavities that connect to other areas:
A foramen (/fəˈreɪmən/;[3][4] pl. foramina, /fəˈræmənə/) is any opening. Foramina inside the body of humans and other animals typically allow muscles, nerves, arteries, veins, or other structures to connect one part of the body with another.
A canal is a long, tunnel-like foramen, usually a passage for notable nerves or blood vessels.
Blind-ended
The following terms are used to describe cavities that do not connect to other areas:
A fossa (/ˈfɒsə/;[5][6] plural fossas /ˈfɒsəz/, or fossae (/ˈfɒsiː/ or /ˈfɒsaɪ/); from the Latin "fossa", ditch or trench) is a depression or hollow, usually in a bone, such as the hypophyseal fossa, the depression in the sphenoid bone.[7]
A a meatus /miːˈeɪtəs/[8][9] is a short canal that opens to another part of the body. [10] [a]
A fovea (Template:Lang-la) is a small pit, usually on the head of a bone. The most well-known example of a fovea is the fovea centralis, a depression in the retina of the eye.
Walls
The following terms are used to describe the walls of a cavity:
| labyrinth|| A cavity within a bone. | sinus|| A cavity within a cranial bone.
Relationship with other bones
Articulation
| articular process|| A projection that contacts an adjacent bone. |- | articulation|| The region where adjacent bones contact each other — a joint. |- | suture|| Articulation between cranial bones.
Features of Long Bones
Gross features
Head, neck, body, base
Internal regions
| Bone feature | Definition |
|---|---|
| diaphysis | The long, relatively straight main body of a long bone; region of primary ossification. Also known as the shaft. |
| epiphysis | The end regions of a long bone; regions of secondary ossification. |
| epiphyseal plate | Also known as the growth plate or physis. In a long bone it is a thin disc of hyaline cartilage that is positioned transversely between the epiphysis and metaphysis. In the long bones of humans, the epiphyseal plate disappears by twenty years of age. |
| head | The proximal articular end of the bone. |
| metaphysis | The region of a long bone lying between the epiphysis and diaphysis. |
| neck | The region of bone between the head and the shaft. |
Cortex, medulla
Regions
Head, Neck, Body, Base
Types of bone
Long, flat, compact
Notes
- ^ (The plural forms of "meatus" are: meatus, as a Latin form (of the fourth declension noun class, which the word belongs to); or meatuses, as a normally derived English plural; or often, and incorrectly, meati, by false analogy with the very common Latin -us/-i forms (such as alumnus/alumni), i.e., the second declension noun class.)
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References
- ^ OED 1989, "Malleolus".
- ^ OED 1989, "Trochanter".
- ^ OED 2nd edition, 1989.
- ^ Entry "foramen" in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary.
- ^ OED 2nd edition, 1989.
- ^ Entry "fossa" in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary.
- ^ Venieratos D, Anagnostopoulou S, Garidou A., A new morphometric method for the sella turcica and the hypophyseal fossa and its clinical relevance.;Folia Morphol (Warsz). 2005 Nov;64(4):240-7. PMID 16425149
- ^ OED 2nd edition, 1989, as /miːˈeɪtəs/.
- ^ Entry "meatus" in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary.
- ^ OED 1989, "meatus".
- Books
- The Oxford English dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1989. ISBN 9780198611868.
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