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Perhaps the most famous one is the oak tree near [[Weimar]], Germany, on the [[Ettersburg|Ettersberg]], at the foot of which was the castle of [[Charlotte von Stein]].<ref name="nzz"/> The oak, in the middle of a beech forest, is named thus because it is supposedly the tree under which Goethe wrote "[[Wanderer's Nightsong]]",<ref>{{cite book|last=Gorra|first=Michael|title=The Bells in Their Silence: Travels through Germany|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=RraGQeVSbJgC&pg=PA16|year=2009|publisher=Princeton UP|isbn=9781400826018|page=16}}</ref> or, alternately, the location where he composed the [[Walpurgisnacht]] passages of his ''[[Faust: The First Part of the Tragedy|Faust]]''. Quickly the fate of the oak became associated with the fate of Germany: if the one was to fall, so was the other.<ref name="nzz">{{cite news|url=http://www.nzz.ch/aktuell/startseite/articleEMAWX-1.73138|last=Prisoner 4935|title=Über die Goethe-Eiche im Lager Buchenwald|date=4 November 2006|work=[[Neue Zürcher Zeitung]]|language=German|others=Wojciech Simson (trans.)|accessdate=8 March 2014}}</ref>
Perhaps the most famous one is the oak tree near [[Weimar]], Germany, on the [[Ettersburg|Ettersberg]], at the foot of which was the castle of [[Charlotte von Stein]].<ref name="nzz"/> The oak, in the middle of a beech forest, is named thus because it is supposedly the tree under which Goethe wrote "[[Wanderer's Nightsong]]",<ref>{{cite book|last=Gorra|first=Michael|title=The Bells in Their Silence: Travels through Germany|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=RraGQeVSbJgC&pg=PA16|year=2009|publisher=Princeton UP|isbn=9781400826018|page=16}}</ref> or, alternately, the location where he composed the [[Walpurgisnacht]] passages of his ''[[Faust: The First Part of the Tragedy|Faust]]''. Quickly the fate of the oak became associated with the fate of Germany: if the one was to fall, so was the other.<ref name="nzz">{{cite news|url=http://www.nzz.ch/aktuell/startseite/articleEMAWX-1.73138|last=Prisoner 4935|title=Über die Goethe-Eiche im Lager Buchenwald|date=4 November 2006|work=[[Neue Zürcher Zeitung]]|language=German|others=Wojciech Simson (trans.)|accessdate=8 March 2014}}</ref>


The beech forest was cleared in 1937<ref name=oak/> to make way for the [[Buchenwald concentration camp]].<ref name="nzz"/> Originally the camp was to be called ''K. L. Ettersberg'', but this was abandoned because the Ettersberg name was so closely connected to the life of Goethe.<ref name="aly">{{cite news|url=http://www.berliner-zeitung.de/newsticker/goethe-zeichnungen-in-buchenwald--portraets-juedischer-haeftlinge-im-schillermuseum-vom-antlitz-zur-maske,10917074,9644216.html|title=Goethe-Zeichnungen in Buchenwald, Porträts jüdischer Häftlinge im Schillermuseum: Vom Antlitz zur Maske|last=Aly|first=Götz|date=27 May 1999|work=[[Berliner Zeitung]]|language=German|accessdate=8 March 2014}}</ref> The tree stood in the center of the camp,<ref name=nzz/> and is reputed to have served also for the hanging and torture of prisoners. The tree was hit by an Allied incendiary bomb on 24 August 1944 and burned all night long.<ref name=nzz/> It is preserved (being cast in concrete under the auspices of the [[East Germany|DDR government]], which also placed a plaque saying "Goethe Eiche"<ref name="aly"/>) and is part of the Buchenwald memorial.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00swq96|title=Goethe's Oak|last=Cook|first=Christopher|date=11 July 2010|work=[[BBC Online]]|accessdate=7 March 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.buchenwald.de/en/543/|title=Goethe Oak|publisher=Buchenwald and Mittelbau-Dora Memorials Foundation|accessdate=7 March 2014}}</ref><ref name=oak>{{cite book|last=Young|first=Peter|title=Oak|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=37X-stnokDwC&pg=PA128|date=2013-02-15|publisher=Reaktion Books|isbn=9781780230597|pages=128–29}}</ref> For the SS guard and the prisoners the tree held two completely different meanings: for the SS it was a link to the Germany they thought they represented, but for the prisoners the tree pointed to a different Germany from the one they experienced in the camp.<ref name="Neumann">{{cite book|last=Neumann|first=Klaus|title=Shifting Memories: The Nazi Past in the New Germany|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=P1wXXkiD5kYC&pg=PA179|year=2000|publisher=U of Michigan P|isbn=9780472087105|pages=179–80}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Jacobson|first=Mark|title=The Lampshade: A Holocaust Detective Story from Buchenwald to New Orleans|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=ay4YLEhc_rUC&pg=PA9|year=2010|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=9781416566304|pages=9–10}}</ref> According to [[Amos Oz]], the incorporation of the oak in the camp and its subsequent destruction is evidence that the Nazis destroyed their own heritage.<ref>{{cite book|last=Oz|first=Amos|title=The Amos Oz Reader|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=xUbzCt7a67gC&pg=PA384|year=2009|publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt|isbn=9780156035668|page=384}}</ref> The oak was sketched by [[Léon Delarbre]], who used to sit under its "charred limbs" and compose verse.<ref>{{cite book|last=Jenkins|first=David Fraser|title=John Piper: The Forties|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=y7WuzDK3dSkC&pg=PA84|year=2000|publisher=New Age International|isbn=9780856675348|page=84}}</ref>
The beech forest was cleared in 1937<ref name=oak/> to make way for the [[Buchenwald concentration camp]].<ref name="nzz"/> Originally the camp was to be called ''K. L. Ettersberg'', but this was abandoned because the Ettersberg name was so closely connected to the life of Goethe.<ref name="aly">{{cite news|url=http://www.berliner-zeitung.de/newsticker/goethe-zeichnungen-in-buchenwald--portraets-juedischer-haeftlinge-im-schillermuseum-vom-antlitz-zur-maske,10917074,9644216.html|title=Goethe-Zeichnungen in Buchenwald, Porträts jüdischer Häftlinge im Schillermuseum: Vom Antlitz zur Maske|last=Aly|first=Götz|date=27 May 1999|work=[[Berliner Zeitung]]|language=German|accessdate=8 March 2014}}</ref> The tree stood in the center of the camp,<ref name=nzz/> and is reputed to have served also for the hanging and torture of prisoners. The tree was hit by an Allied incendiary bomb on 24 August 1944 and burned all night long.<ref name=nzz/> It is preserved (being cast in concrete under the auspices of the [[East Germany|DDR government]], which also placed a plaque saying "Goethe Eiche"<ref name="aly"/>) and is part of the Buchenwald memorial.<ref name=oak>{{cite book|last=Young|first=Peter|title=Oak|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=37X-stnokDwC&pg=PA128|date=2013-02-15|publisher=Reaktion Books|isbn=9781780230597|pages=128–29}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00swq96|title=Goethe's Oak|last=Cook|first=Christopher|date=11 July 2010|work=[[BBC Online]]|accessdate=7 March 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.buchenwald.de/en/543/|title=Goethe Oak|publisher=Buchenwald and Mittelbau-Dora Memorials Foundation|accessdate=7 March 2014}}</ref> For the SS guard and the prisoners the tree held two completely different meanings: for the SS it was a link to the Germany they thought they represented, but for the prisoners the tree pointed to a different Germany from the one they experienced in the camp.<ref name="Neumann">{{cite book|last=Neumann|first=Klaus|title=Shifting Memories: The Nazi Past in the New Germany|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=P1wXXkiD5kYC&pg=PA179|year=2000|publisher=U of Michigan P|isbn=9780472087105|pages=179–80}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Jacobson|first=Mark|title=The Lampshade: A Holocaust Detective Story from Buchenwald to New Orleans|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=ay4YLEhc_rUC&pg=PA9|year=2010|publisher=Simon and Schuster|isbn=9781416566304|pages=9–10}}</ref> According to [[Amos Oz]], the incorporation of the oak in the camp and its subsequent destruction is evidence that the Nazis destroyed their own heritage.<ref>{{cite book|last=Oz|first=Amos|title=The Amos Oz Reader|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=xUbzCt7a67gC&pg=PA384|year=2009|publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt|isbn=9780156035668|page=384}}</ref> The oak was sketched by [[Léon Delarbre]], who used to sit under its "charred limbs" and compose verse.<ref>{{cite book|last=Jenkins|first=David Fraser|title=John Piper: The Forties|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=y7WuzDK3dSkC&pg=PA84|year=2000|publisher=New Age International|isbn=9780856675348|page=84}}</ref>


Another Goethe Oak is in [[Krásný Dvůr Castle]] in [[Bohemia]] (today in the Czech Republic), estimated to be 1000 years old.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.czech.cz/en/Life-Work/Living-here/Leisure-time/The-most-beautiful-Czech-gardens-and-parks-%E2%80%93-Part|title=The most beautiful Czech gardens and parks – Part 3 (Bohemia)|work=Hello Czech Republic|accessdate=7 March 2014}}</ref>
Another Goethe Oak is in [[Krásný Dvůr Castle]] in [[Bohemia]] (today in the Czech Republic), estimated to be 1000 years old.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.czech.cz/en/Life-Work/Living-here/Leisure-time/The-most-beautiful-Czech-gardens-and-parks-%E2%80%93-Part|title=The most beautiful Czech gardens and parks – Part 3 (Bohemia)|work=Hello Czech Republic|accessdate=7 March 2014}}</ref>

Revision as of 02:17, 8 March 2014

Goethe Oaks near Silkerode, Thuringia; Goethe, on his first tour of the Harz (1777), is supposed to have walked along them.

A number of oak trees in Germany are referred to as the Goethe Oak (or Goethe's Oak), because they allegedly bear some sort of connection to the poet Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.

Perhaps the most famous one is the oak tree near Weimar, Germany, on the Ettersberg, at the foot of which was the castle of Charlotte von Stein.[1] The oak, in the middle of a beech forest, is named thus because it is supposedly the tree under which Goethe wrote "Wanderer's Nightsong",[2] or, alternately, the location where he composed the Walpurgisnacht passages of his Faust. Quickly the fate of the oak became associated with the fate of Germany: if the one was to fall, so was the other.[1]

The beech forest was cleared in 1937[3] to make way for the Buchenwald concentration camp.[1] Originally the camp was to be called K. L. Ettersberg, but this was abandoned because the Ettersberg name was so closely connected to the life of Goethe.[4] The tree stood in the center of the camp,[1] and is reputed to have served also for the hanging and torture of prisoners. The tree was hit by an Allied incendiary bomb on 24 August 1944 and burned all night long.[1] It is preserved (being cast in concrete under the auspices of the DDR government, which also placed a plaque saying "Goethe Eiche"[4]) and is part of the Buchenwald memorial.[3][5][6] For the SS guard and the prisoners the tree held two completely different meanings: for the SS it was a link to the Germany they thought they represented, but for the prisoners the tree pointed to a different Germany from the one they experienced in the camp.[7][8] According to Amos Oz, the incorporation of the oak in the camp and its subsequent destruction is evidence that the Nazis destroyed their own heritage.[9] The oak was sketched by Léon Delarbre, who used to sit under its "charred limbs" and compose verse.[10]

Another Goethe Oak is in Krásný Dvůr Castle in Bohemia (today in the Czech Republic), estimated to be 1000 years old.[11]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Prisoner 4935 (4 November 2006). "Über die Goethe-Eiche im Lager Buchenwald". Neue Zürcher Zeitung (in German). Wojciech Simson (trans.). Retrieved 8 March 2014.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  2. ^ Gorra, Michael (2009). The Bells in Their Silence: Travels through Germany. Princeton UP. p. 16. ISBN 9781400826018.
  3. ^ a b Young, Peter (2013-02-15). Oak. Reaktion Books. pp. 128–29. ISBN 9781780230597.
  4. ^ a b Aly, Götz (27 May 1999). "Goethe-Zeichnungen in Buchenwald, Porträts jüdischer Häftlinge im Schillermuseum: Vom Antlitz zur Maske". Berliner Zeitung (in German). Retrieved 8 March 2014.
  5. ^ Cook, Christopher (11 July 2010). "Goethe's Oak". BBC Online. Retrieved 7 March 2014.
  6. ^ "Goethe Oak". Buchenwald and Mittelbau-Dora Memorials Foundation. Retrieved 7 March 2014.
  7. ^ Neumann, Klaus (2000). Shifting Memories: The Nazi Past in the New Germany. U of Michigan P. pp. 179–80. ISBN 9780472087105.
  8. ^ Jacobson, Mark (2010). The Lampshade: A Holocaust Detective Story from Buchenwald to New Orleans. Simon and Schuster. pp. 9–10. ISBN 9781416566304.
  9. ^ Oz, Amos (2009). The Amos Oz Reader. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 384. ISBN 9780156035668.
  10. ^ Jenkins, David Fraser (2000). John Piper: The Forties. New Age International. p. 84. ISBN 9780856675348.
  11. ^ "The most beautiful Czech gardens and parks – Part 3 (Bohemia)". Hello Czech Republic. Retrieved 7 March 2014.
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