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==Milos Karadaglic== |
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==Arranging For Instrumental Groups== |
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===Product Info=== |
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The string section is a body of instruments composed of various stringed instruments. By the 19th Century [[orchestral music]] in [[Europe]] had standardized the string section into the following [[homogenous]] instrumental groups: first [[Violin|violins]], second violins, [[Viola|violas]], [[Cello|cellos]], and [[Double bass|double basses]]. The string section in a multi-sectioned orchestra is referred sometimes to as the “string choir.”<ref>{{cite book|last=Adler|first=Samuel|title=The Study Of Orchestration|year=2002|publisher=W.W. Norton|location=New York|pages=111}}</ref> |
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The [[harp]] is also a stringed instrument, but is not a member of or homogenous with the violin family and is not considered part of the string choir. [[Samuel Adler (composer)|Samuel Adler]] classifies the harp as a plucked string instrument in the same category as the [[Guitar|guitar]] ([[Acoustic guitar|acoustic]] or [[Electric guitar|electric]]), [[mandolin]], [[banjo]], or [[zither]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Adler|first=Samuel|title=The Study Of Orchestration|year=2002|publisher=W.W. Norton|location=New York|pages=89}}</ref> Like the harp these instruments do not belong to the violin family and are not [[homogenous]] with the string choir. In modern arranging these instruments are considered part of the rhythm section. The [[Electric bass|electric string bass]] and upright string bass—depending on the circumstance—can be treated by the arranger as either string section or [[rhythm section]] instruments.<ref>{{cite book|last=Sebesky|first=Don|title=The Contemporary Arranger|year=1975|publisher=Alfred Pub.|location=New York|pages=117}}</ref> |
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A group of instruments in which each member plays a unique part—rather than playing in unison with other like instruments—is referred to as a [[Chamber music|chamber ensemble]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Oxford Music Online|url=http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/grove/music/05379?q=chamber+music&hbutton_search.x=0&hbutton_search.y=0&hbutton_search=search&source=omo_epm&source=omo_t237&source=omo_gmo&source=omo_t114&search=quick&pos=1&_start=1#firsthit|accessdate=22 July 2011}}</ref> A chamber ensemble made up entirely of strings of the violin family is referred to by its size. A [[string trio]] consists of three players, a [[string quartet]] four, a [[string quintet]] five, and so on. |
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In most circumstances the string section is treated by the arranger as one [[homogenous]] unit and its members are required to play preconceived material rather than [[Musical improvisation|improvise]]. |
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A string section can be utilized on its own (this is referred to as a string orchestra)<ref>{{cite web|title=String Orchestra|url=http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/string+orchestra|work=Collins English Dictionary|publisher=HarperCollins Publisher|accessdate=31 July 2011}}</ref> or in conjunction with any of the other instrumental sections. More than one string orchestra can be utilized. |
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A standard string section (vln., vln 2., vla., vcl, cb.) with each section playing unison allows the arranger to create a five-part texture. Often an arranger will divide each violin section in half or thirds to achieve a denser texture. It is possible to carry this division to its logical extreme in which each member of the string section plays his or her own unique part. |
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====Size of the string section==== |
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Artistic, budgetary and logistical concerns will determine the size and instrumentation of a string section. Due to the large percussion section utilized in the [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] [[Musical theatre|musical]] [[West Side Story]], composer [[Leonard Bernstein]] chose to utilize a string section without violas.<ref>{{cite web|last=Burton|first=Humphrey|title=Leonard Bernstein by Humphrey Burton, Chapter 26|url=http://www.westsidestory.com/site/level2/archives/bibliography/bibliography.html|accessdate=22 July 2011}}</ref> |
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[[George Martin]], [[Producer (music)|producer]] and arranger for [[The Beatles]], warns arrangers about the [[Intonation (music)|intonation]] issues when only two like instruments play in unison. "After a string quartet," Martin explains, "I do not think there is a satisfactory sound for strings until one has at least three players on each line...as a rule two stringed instruments together create a slight "beat" which does not give a smooth sound."<ref>{{cite book|last=Martin|first=George|title=Making Music: the Guide to Writing, Performing & Recording|year=1983|publisher=W. Morrow|location=New York|pages=82}}</ref> |
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While any combination and number of string instruments is possible in a section a traditional string section sound is achieved with a violin-heavy balance of instruments. |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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|+Suggested String Section Sizes |
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!Reference |
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!Author |
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!Section Size |
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!Violins |
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!Violas |
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!Celli |
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!Basses |
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|- |
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|"Arranged By Nelson Riddle"<ref>{{cite book|last=Riddle|first=Nelson|title=Arranged By Nelson Riddle|year=1985|publisher=Warner Brothers Publications Inc.|location=Secaucus, NJ|pages=124}}</ref> |
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|Nelson Riddle |
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|12 players |
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|8 |
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|2 |
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|2 |
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|0 |
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|- |
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|"Arranged By Nelson Riddle" |
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|Nelson Riddle |
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|15 players |
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|9 |
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|3 |
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|3 |
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|0 |
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|- |
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|"Arranged By Nelson Riddle" |
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|Nelson Riddle |
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|16 players |
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|10 |
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|3 |
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|3 |
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|0 |
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|- |
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|"Arranged By Nelson Riddle" |
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|Nelson Riddle |
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|20 players |
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|12 |
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|4 |
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|4 |
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|0 |
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|- |
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|"Arranged By Nelson Riddle" |
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|Nelson Riddle |
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|30 players |
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|18 |
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|6 |
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|6 |
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|0 |
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|- |
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|"The Contemporary Arranger"<ref>{{cite book|last=Sebesky|first=Don|title=The Contemporary Arranger|year=1975|publisher=Alfred Pub.|location=New York|pages=127–129}}</ref> |
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|Don Sebesky |
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|9 players |
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|7 |
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|0 |
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|2 |
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|0 |
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|- |
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|"The Contemporary Arranger" |
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|Don Sebesky |
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|12 players |
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|8 |
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|2 |
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|2 |
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|0 |
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|- |
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|"The Contemporary Arranger" |
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|Don Sebesky |
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|16 players |
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|12 |
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|0 |
|||
|4 |
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|0 |
|||
|- |
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|"The Contemporary Arranger" |
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|Don Sebesky |
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|20 players |
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|12 |
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|4 |
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|4 |
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|0 |
|||
|- |
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|} |
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== Notes == |
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<references /> |
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