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The '''Rathore''' or '''Rathor''' ([[ |
The '''Rathore''' or '''Rathor''' (Sanskrit [[Rashtrakuta]]) are a [[Rajput]] clan from western [[Rajasthan]] in [[India]]. Rathore dynasties ruled a number of kingdoms and [[princely state]]s in Rajasthan and neighboring states before India's independence. [[Jodhpur]] ([[Marwar]]) was the largest kingdom, followed by [[Bikaner]] (also known as [[Jangladesh]]). Other states ruled by Rathore clans included [[Kishangarh]] and [[Nagaur]] in Rajasthan, [[Idar]] in [[Gujarat]], and [[Sitamau]], [[Sailana]] and [[Ratlam]] in [[Madhya Pradesh]]. |
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In Rajasthan, the Rathores first emerge shortly after the conquest of the Rashtrakutas of Manyakheta. At Hathundi, in former Jodhpur state, 10th century inscriptions have been found mentioning Harivarma, Vidagdha, Mammata, Dhavala and Balaprasada of [[Rashtrakuta]] dynasty. This is a tenous link which modern scholars discount. |
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Dynasties belonging to this clan ruled a number of kingdoms and [[princely state]]s in Rajasthan and neighboring states before India's independence. The largest and oldest among these was [[Jodhpur]] ([[Marwar]]); the [[Gaj Singh, Maharaja of Jodhpur|Maharaja of Jodhpur]] is regarded as the head of the extended Rathore clan of Hindu Rajputs. |
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The Rathores were originally feudatories of the [[Pratihara]] dynasty, who in the early [[9th century]] established a kingdom in central India with its capital at [[Kannauj]]. Kannauj was sacked by [[Mahmud of Ghazni]] in [[1019]], which ushered in a chaotic period for the kingdom. The kingdom was much reduced in size, and came under the influence of the [[Chandela]] Rajputs of [[Bundelkhand]], who deposed the last of the Pratihara kings in [[1036]]. |
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==Early history== |
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It is surmised that the Rathores were originally feudatories of the [[Ujjain]]i-based Gurjara-[[Pratihara]] dynasty, and may perhaps have been domiciled in the vicinity of [[Kannauj]] in the heyday of that dynasty. Pratihara-ruled Kannauj was sacked by [[Mahmud of Ghazni]] in 1019 CE, which ushered in a chaotic period for that area. A family known to us as the "[[Gahadvala]]" dynasty gained control of Kannauj and ruled for nearly a century; their best-known dynast was [[Jaichand of Kannauj|Jaichand]], their last king. The Gahadvalas were displaced from Kannauj by the invasion, in 1194 CE, of [[Muhammad of Ghor]]. It is said that a Sheoji, a surviving grandson of Jaichand, made his way into the western desert with a group of faithful followers, finally settling in the town of [[Pali, Rajasthan|Pali]] in [[Marwar]], which was ruled by another branch of the Pratiharas. Sheoji is regarded as the patriarch of the entire Rathore clan and all Rathores trace their patrilineage back to him. |
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A group of Rathores retreated west into Rajasthan, under the leadership of Sheoji. They settled in the town of [[Pali, Rajasthan|Pali]] in [[Marwar]] kingdom, which was ruled by another branch of the Pratiharas. By the early [[15th century]] the Rathores had taken complete control of Marwar from the Pratiharas. [[Rao Jodha]] founded the city of [[Jodhpur]] in [[1459]], and moved the capital of the kingdom from [[Mandor]]. In [[1488]] Rao Bika, one of his sons, established the city of [[Bikaner]] in the [[Jangladesh]] region to the north of Marwar, which became a second Rathore kingdom. |
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==Marwar and beyond== |
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The Rathores gradually spread across Marwar, forming a brotherhood of landowners and village chieftains, loosely bound to each other by ties of clan and caste. An epoch in the history both of Marwar and of the Rathores was marked by [[Rao Jodha]], a warrior who founded a kingdom that grew to encompass all of Marwar. He also founded the city of [[Jodhpur]] in [[1459]], and moved his capital thither from [[Mandore]]. One of his sons, Rao Bika, established the town of [[Bikaner]] in [[1488]], in the [[Jangladesh]] region lying to the north of Marwar; that town was to become the seat of a second major Rathore kingdom. |
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The various cadet branches of the Rathore clan gradually spread to encompass all of Marwar and later sallied abroad to found states in [[central India]] and [[Gujarat]]. At the time of India's independence in 1947, the [[princely states]] ruled by various branches of the Rathore clan included: |
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*[[Bikaner]] ([[Jangladesh]]): Covering the present-day districts of [[Bikaner]], [[Churu]], [[Ganganagar]] and [[Hanumangarh]]; |
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*[[Kishangarh]] in present-day [[Rajasthan]], founded in 1611 by Raja Kishan Singh, son of Udai Singh of Marwar. |
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*[[Idar]] in present-day [[Gujarat]], founded in 1728 or 1729. |
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*[[Ratlam]] in present-day [[Ratlam District]] of Madhya Pradesh, founded 1651. |
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*[[Sitamau]] in present-day [[Mandsaur District]] of [[Madhya Pradesh]], founded 1701 by Raja Kesho Das, of the Ratlam house. |
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*[[Sailana]] in present-day [[Ratlam District]] of Madhya Pradesh, founded in 1730 by Raja Jai Singh, of the Ratlam house. |
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==Rathore Genealogy== |
==Rathore Genealogy== |
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[[Rao_Maldeo_Rathore|RAO MALDEO]] |
[[Rao_Maldeo_Rathore|RAO MALDEO]] |
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1532-1562 A.D. |
1532-1562 A.D. |
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==Rathore rulers of Marwar (Jodhpur)== |
==Rathore rulers of Marwar (Jodhpur)== |
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* Maharaja Ganga Singh (19 August 1887-2 February 1943). Born 1880, died 1943. |
* Maharaja Ganga Singh (19 August 1887-2 February 1943). Born 1880, died 1943. |
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* Maharaja Sadul Singh (2 February 1943 - 7 April 1949). Born 1902, acceded to India 7 April 1949, died 25 September 1950) |
* Maharaja Sadul Singh (2 February 1943 - 7 April 1949). Born 1902, acceded to India 7 April 1949, died 25 September 1950) |
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==Connection to Rashtrakutas== |
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At Hathundi, in what was formerly Jodhpur state, 10th century inscriptions have been found mentioning kings Harivarma, Vidagdha, Mammata, Dhavala and Balaprasada, all of the [[Rashtrakuta]] dynasty. This is not in fact surprising, since the Rashtrakutas held sway over Marwar in that era. However, as we have seen above, the Rathores first emerge in Rajasthan shortly after that same era; therefore, there have been some recent efforts to impute to the Rathores a connection with the Rashtrakutas. The connection is tenuous to say the least, being based mainly upon the similarily of the two names; it is dismissed by historians as being fanciful. One can only await further research into this question. |
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==Some prominent Rathores== |
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*[[Rao Jodha]] |
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*[[Rao Maldeo Rathore]] |
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*[[Durgadas Rathore]] |
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*[[Maharaja Jaswant Singh]] |
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*[[Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore]] |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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* [[ |
* [[Rashtrakuta]] |
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* [[ |
* [[History of Rajputs]] |
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* [[Marwar]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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* Maheca Rathaurom ka mula itihasa: Ravala Mallinatha ke vamsaja - Maheca, Baramera, Pokarana, Kotariya aura Khavariya Rathaurom ka sodhapurna itihasa. ''Dr. Hukam Singh Bhati. Publisher: Ratan Prakashan, Jodhpur. First Published 1990.'' |
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::This book describes the [[rathore]] ruler mallinath. His relationship with present [[Jodhpur]] and [[Bikaner]] royal houses are described. Also his descendants created multiple [[rathore]] [[shakha]]s: Mahecha,Khavariya etc |
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:: Lineage of Rathore rulers is provided starting with Rao Sheoji. |
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[[Category:Ethnic groups in India]] |
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[[Category:Indian surnames]] |
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[[Category:History of Rajasthan]] |
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[[Category: Ruling clans of India]] |
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[[Category:Social groups of India]] |
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Revision as of 09:53, 23 June 2006
The Rathore or Rathor (Sanskrit Rashtrakuta) are a Rajput clan from western Rajasthan in India. Rathore dynasties ruled a number of kingdoms and princely states in Rajasthan and neighboring states before India's independence. Jodhpur (Marwar) was the largest kingdom, followed by Bikaner (also known as Jangladesh). Other states ruled by Rathore clans included Kishangarh and Nagaur in Rajasthan, Idar in Gujarat, and Sitamau, Sailana and Ratlam in Madhya Pradesh.
In Rajasthan, the Rathores first emerge shortly after the conquest of the Rashtrakutas of Manyakheta. At Hathundi, in former Jodhpur state, 10th century inscriptions have been found mentioning Harivarma, Vidagdha, Mammata, Dhavala and Balaprasada of Rashtrakuta dynasty. This is a tenous link which modern scholars discount.
The Rathores were originally feudatories of the Pratihara dynasty, who in the early 9th century established a kingdom in central India with its capital at Kannauj. Kannauj was sacked by Mahmud of Ghazni in 1019, which ushered in a chaotic period for the kingdom. The kingdom was much reduced in size, and came under the influence of the Chandela Rajputs of Bundelkhand, who deposed the last of the Pratihara kings in 1036.
A group of Rathores retreated west into Rajasthan, under the leadership of Sheoji. They settled in the town of Pali in Marwar kingdom, which was ruled by another branch of the Pratiharas. By the early 15th century the Rathores had taken complete control of Marwar from the Pratiharas. Rao Jodha founded the city of Jodhpur in 1459, and moved the capital of the kingdom from Mandor. In 1488 Rao Bika, one of his sons, established the city of Bikaner in the Jangladesh region to the north of Marwar, which became a second Rathore kingdom.
The Kingdom of Jodhpur included the present-day districts of Jodhpur, Pali, Nagaur, Barmer, and Jalor. The Kingdom of Bikaner included present-day districts of Bikaner, Churu, Ganganagar, and Hanumangarh.
Rathore Genealogy
RAO SHIVA (Sheoji) | 1212-1272 A.D. RAO ASTHAN----RAO SONAG----RAO AJAY | 1272-1292 A.D. RAO DOOHAD----RAO JOPSA----RAO DHANDHUL----RAO HIRNAK----RAO POHAD----RAO KHIPSA----RAO AASAL----RAO CHACHIG | 1292-1309 A.D. RAO RAIPAL----RAO KIRTIPAL----RAO BEHAD----RAO PAITHAR----RAO JOGA----RAO DALU----RAO VEGAD | 1309-1313 A.D. RAO KANHA----RAO KELHAN----RAO SANDA----RAO LAKHAN----RAO DAANGI----RAO MOHAN----RAO JANJAN----RAO RAJO----RAO RANDHA----RAO HATHUNDIYA | 1313-1323 A.D. RAO JALANSI(Second Son)----RAO BHIMKARAN(Oldest Son. Died in a battle in his father's reign)----RAO VIJAYPAL | 1323-1328 A.D. RAO CHADA----RAO BHAKAR SINGH----RAO DUNGAR SINGH | 1328-1344 A.D. RAO TIDA----RAO KHOKRA----RAO VANAR----RAO SEEMAL----RAO RUDRAPAL----RAO KHIPSA | 1344-1357 A.D. RAO SALKHA (Second Son) ---------------------------------------------------------------------RAO KANHAD DEV (Oldest Son. His progeny did not rule.) | 1357-1374 A.D. | RAO VIRAMDEV(Third Son)----RAO MALLINATH (Oldest Son)----RAO JAITMAL----RAO SOBHIT RAO TRIBHUVAN | 1374-1383 A.D. 1373-1399 A.D. RAO CHUNDA | 1399-1423 A.D. RAO RANMAL---------------RAO SATAL----RAO KANHA | 1427-1438 A.D. (1424-1427 A.D.) RAO JODHA----RAO KANDHUL----RAO CHAMPA----RAO AKHAIRAJ----RAO MANDLO----RAO PATTA----RAO LAKHA----RAO BALA----RAO JAITMUL----RAO KARNA----RAO ROOPA----RAO NATHOO----RAO DUNGRA----RAO SANDA----RAO MANDO----RAO BIROO----RAO JUGMAL----RAO HAMPO----RAO SAKTO----RAO KARMA----RAO URIVAL----RAO KHETSI----RAO SHATRUSAL----RAO TEJMAL | 1453-1489 A.D. | | RAO KUMPA | ( -1544 A.D) | RAO SAATUL----RAO SURAJ----RAO GUMMA----RAO DUDA----RAO BIR----RAO BIKA----RAO BHARMUAL----RAO SURJA----RAO KURUM SINGH----RAO RAEMUL----RAO SAMANT SINGH----RAO BEEDA----RAO BANHUR----RAO NEEMBO 1489-1492 A.D. 1492-1515 A.D. | RAO BAGH SINGH | RAO GANGA SINGH | 1515-1532 A.D. RAO MALDEO 1532-1562 A.D.
Rathore rulers of Marwar (Jodhpur)
- Rao Sheoji or Siyaji (1226-1273)
- Rao Asthan (1273-1292)
- Rao Doohad (1291-1309)
- Rao Raipal (1309-1313)
- Rao Kanhapal (1313-1323)
- Rao Jalansi (1323-1228)
- Rao Chada (1328-1344)
- Rao Tida (1334-1357)
- Rao Kanhadev (1357-1374)
- Rao Biram Dev (1374-1383)
- Rao Chanda or Chunda Rao (1383-1424)
- Rao Kanha (1424-1427)
- Rai Sanha (in rebellion) (1424-1427)
- Rao Ranmal or Ranmalla (1427-1438)
- Rao Jodha (1438-1488). Founder of Jodhpur.
- Rao Satal (1488-1491)
- Rao Suja (1491-1515)
- Rao Ganga (1515-1532)
- Rao Maldev or Malladeva (1532-1562)
- Rao Chandrasen (1562-1584)
- Raja Udai Singh or Udaya Singh (1584-1595)
- Sawai Raja Suraj Singh (1595-1620)
- Maharaja Gaja Singh (1620-1638)
- Maharaja Jaswant Singh I (1638-1679)
- Maharaja Ajit Singh (19 February 1679 - 24 June 1724). Born 1679, died 1724.
- Maharaja Abhai Singh (24 June 1724 - 18 June 1749). Born 1702, died 1749.
- Maharaja Ram Singh (1st time) (18 June 1749 - July 1751). Born 1730, died 1772.
- Maharaja Bakht Singh (July 1751 - 21 September 1752). Born 1706, died1752.
- Maharaja Bijay Singh (1st time) (21 September 1752 - 1753). Born 1724, died 1793.
- Maharaja Ram Singh (2nd time) (1753 -September 1772)
- Maharaja Bijay Singh (2nd time) (1772 - 17 July 1793)
- Maharaja Bhim Singh (in rebellion) (13 April 1792 - 20 March 1793). Died 1803.
- Maharaja Bhim Singh (17 July 1793 - 19 October 1803)
- Maharaja Man Singh (19 October 1803 - 4 September 1843). Born 1783, died 1843.
- Chhatra Singh (regent) (19 April 1817 - 6 January 1818). Born c.1800, died 1818.
- Maharaja Takht Singh (14 October 1843 - 13 February 1873). Born 1819, died 1873.
- Maharaja Jaswant Singh II (13 February 1873 - 11 Oct 1895. Born 1838, died 1895.
- Maharaja Sardar Singh (11 October 1895 - 21 March 1911). Born 1880, died 1911.
- Maharaja Sumer Singh (21 Mar 1911 - 3 Oct 1918). Born 1898, died 1918.
- Maharaja Umaid Singh (3 October 1918 - 9 June 1947). Born 1903, died 1947.
- Maharaja Hanwant Singh (9 June 1947-7 April 1949). Born 1923, acceded to India 7 April 1949, died 1952.
Rathore rulers of Bikaner (Jangladesh)
- Rao Bika (1465-1504). Born 1438, died 1504. Founded Bikaner 1465. Son of Rao Jodha of Marwar.
- Rao Naroji Singh (1504-1505). Son of Rao Bika.
- Rao Lunkaranji (1505-1526). Son of Rao Bika.
- Rao Jetsiji Singh (1526-1542). Son of Rao Lunkaranji.
- Rao Kalyan Singh (1542-1571). Born 1519, died 1571. Son of Rao Jetsiji Singh.
- Raja Raj Singh I (1571-1611). Born 1541, died 1612. Son of Raja Kalyan Singh.
- Raja Dalpat Singh (1611-1614). Born 1565, died 1614. Son of Raja Raj Singh I.
- Raja Sur Singh (1614-1631). Born 1595, died 1631. Son of Raja Raj Singh I.
- Raja Karan Singh (1631-1669. Born 1616, died 1669. Son of Raja Karan Singh.
- Maharaja Anup Singh (Raja 1669-1687, Maharaja 1687-1698). Born 1638, died 1698. Son of Raja Karan Singh.
- Maharaja Sarup Singh (1698-1700). Born 1689, died 1700.
- Maharaja Sujan Singh (1700-1736). Born 1690, died 1736.
- Maharaja Zorawar Singh (1736-1745). Born 1713, died 1745.
- Maharaja Gaj Singh (1745-1787). Born 1723, died 1787.
- Maharaja Raj Singh II (1787). Born 1744, died 1787.
- Maharaja Pratap Singh (1787). Born 1781, died 1787.
- Maharaja Surat Singh (1788-1828). Born1766, died 1828.
- Maharaja Ratan Singh (1828-1851). Born 1791, died 1851.
- Maharaja Sardar Singh (1851-16 May 1872). Born 1818, died 1872.
- Maharaja Dungar Singh (16 May 1872 - 19 August 1887). Born 1854, died 1887.
- Maharaja Ganga Singh (19 August 1887-2 February 1943). Born 1880, died 1943.
- Maharaja Sadul Singh (2 February 1943 - 7 April 1949). Born 1902, acceded to India 7 April 1949, died 25 September 1950)
See also
References
- Maheca Rathaurom ka mula itihasa: Ravala Mallinatha ke vamsaja - Maheca, Baramera, Pokarana, Kotariya aura Khavariya Rathaurom ka sodhapurna itihasa. Dr. Hukam Singh Bhati. Publisher: Ratan Prakashan, Jodhpur. First Published 1990.
- The genealogical survey : Royal house of Marwar and other states. Dr. (Kr.) Mahendra Singh Nagar. Publisher: Maharaja Man Singh Pustak Prakash, Jodhpur. First Published 2004.
- Lineage of Rathore rulers is provided starting with Rao Sheoji.