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##[[Kuruma]]
##[[Kuruma]]
##[[Kuruba|Hatkar]]
##[[Kuruba|Hatkar]]
##nayee brahmin(musicions,singers, ministers,leaders,Surgeon,devotes,kings)
## Niyoginayeebramhana
## Niyoginayeebramhana
## nayee,nayeer,Nayer
## nayee,nayeer,Nayer

Revision as of 13:10, 29 March 2014

According to Manusmriti & "Dharmasasthras",the Ancient Hindu society is basically classified into 4 castes or "Varnas". These are of "Vedic Lineage".They are:

  1. Brahmins
  2. Kshatriyas
  3. Vaishyas
  4. Shudras

In the Medieval Ages,Hindus were confined to Indian subcontinent and a few in Indonesia.There were many castes formed in "Shudra" varna based on their occupation or profession. After Independence of India in 1947,the Democracy in India was established and Indian Constitution was written.Later the Government of India had classified the total number of castes as follows:

  1. "Forward Castes or OC or General Category" classified by Government of India.These castes doesn't qualify for reservations in any Government sector.Brahmins,Kshatriyas and Vaishyas are major forward castes and also some other castes who were economically forward by owning estates and agricultural lands were placed in the Forward Castes.
  2. "Backward Castes or BC or OBC Category" classified by Government of India.These Castes constitute half of the population in India who are basically indulged in farming,working,fishing and small professions etc.They are Qualified for the reservations in Government sector in order to improve their economical status and social status.[1]
  3. "Scheduled Castes or SC Category" classified by Government of India.These Castes are also called as "Dalits" because they had undergone huge humiliation i.e. untouchability etc. from all other castes from centuries.So, Government of India had given them most possible percentage of reservations in Government Sector in order to improve their financial and social status and also protected their dignity by providing "SC,ST Atrocities" act.
  4. "Scheduled Tribe or ST Category" classified by Government of India.These people constitute less amount in population and they are very much backward in education and also in financial status as they live in forest and tribal regions.So, Government of India had given them most possible percentage of reservations in Government Sector in order to improve their financial and Social status and also protected their dignity by providing "SC,ST Atrocities" act.

The Hindu Telugu society is classified into a number of castes based on occupation. The Telugu Castes in Andhra Pradesh includes:

Forward castes

Forward castes do not qualify for government reservations. Forward castes make up about 26% (NFHS 2007 survey) of the state population with the majority being Kapus (Balija, Telaga and Naidu) caste at 15% (although in some regions of the state they are classified as OBC). 'Note:For different castes and their occupations refer the following link published by Overseas Development Institute in 2002:"http://www.odi.org.uk/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/2692.pdf"'

  1. List of Forward Castes:
    1. Brahmin {Smartha}
    2. Brahmin {Vaishnava (Sri Vaishnava, Sathatha Sri Vaishnava)}
    3. Brahmin {Karanaalu (Niyogulu, Niyogi Karanaalu, 6000 Niyogi, Sistakaranam, Karana Kammulu)}
    4. Brahmin {Kalinga Brahmins (mostly lives in Uttharandra...)}
    5. Kshatriyas{Rajus/Kshatriya Rajus} (Rajus/Kshatriya Rajus who use "Raju/Varma" at the end of their names.Some families also use "Raja" title before their Surnames who belong to Royal Families and also Aristocratic Background who live mostly in Uttarandhra and Godavari Districts and very few in Rayalaseema.The Kshatriyas in India are "Rajputs" and "Rajus" and also the "Marathas" who were the descendants of "Rajputs".[2][3]Rajus were descended from Suryavanshi and ChandravanshiKshatriyas who were Kings,Rulers,Warriors,Mokasadars,Zamindars and are Landlords,Agriculturists,Politicians,Administrators,Industrialists,Traders & Businessmen)
    6. Vaishya{Arya Vysya/Komati (caste)} (Merchants, Traders and Businessmen)
    7. Velama (caste) (Rulers, Politicians, Farmers, Warriors, Landlords, Traders, Business men)
    8. Reddy (Rulers, Politicians, Farmers, Warriors, Landlords, Traders, Business men)
    9. Kamma (caste)Chowdary/Naidu (Warriors, Politicians, Landlords, Farmers, Traders, Businessmen)
    10. Kapu (caste)/Rao/Naidu (Warriors, Landlords, Politicians, Farmers, Traders, Businessmen)

Backward Castes

Some castes are classified as backward castes due to their financial, educational and/or political descrimination.[4] [5] They have government reservations to help uplift their status. They are predominantly artisans, small scale farmers and traders. Backward castes make up about 50% of the population.[1] 'Note:For the list of Backward Castes and their traditional occupation which was classified by the State Government of Andhra Pradesh is available in the following link: "http://www.aponline.gov.in/APPORTAL/departments/BC%20Welfare%20Reports/BC-Projected%20figures-final.xls"'

  1. Handworks
    1. Padmashali(Handloom / Textile weavers - Cotton, Silk Weaving, Lotus stem silk weavers)
      1. Kaikala
      2. Karna Bhaktulu
      3. Pattusali (Silk weavers)
      4. Senapathulu
      5. Thogata Sali
    2. Thogataveera
    3. Veerakshatriya Swakulasali
    4. Mudiraju Muthuracha (cultivators)
    5. Tenugollu (chieftains of village)
    6. Salivahana / kummari caste (Potter)
    7. Surya Balija(Part of Kapu Community)
      1. Greater than other Balija castes (Dancer, singer, poet).
  2. Shaman
    1. Jogi (Religious mendicant and pedlar)
    2. Joshinadiwalas (astrologer and village priest)
    3. Bhavasara Kshatriya (Cloth traders)
    4. Arya Kshatriya
    5. Bukka in Telangana region {traders in Devotional materials}
    6. Srisayana Segidis
  3. Warrior/Hunters
    1. Boyar caste/Boya
    2. Boya/Nayak/Naidu
    3. Boya Talwar/Talari
    4. jettappa/malluga jetty
  4. Traders
    1. Perika /Perika Balija (Agriculturists,Peasants,Landlords,Traders)
    2. Gavara
    3. Krishna Balija (Business, Agriculturists, Peasants)
    4. Dasari (Agriculturists,Traders)
    5. Sadhuchetty
    6. Poosala [Business, Agriculturists, Peasants)
  5. Weaving
    1. Achukatlavandlu
    2. Dudekula
    3. Devanga (Silk weavers)
    4. Jandra
    5. Kurni
    6. Neelakanthi (Handloom Weavers)
    7. Koshti
    8. Nakkala
    9. Patkar
      1. Khatri
  6. Artisans
    1. Vishwakarma
      1. Kammari (Blacksmith)
      2. Vadrangi (Carpenter)
      3. Kanchari (Brass/Bronze smith)
      4. Silpi (caste) (Stonemason)
      5. Kamsali (Goldsmith)
    2. Narasimha caste
  7. Ayyaraka Patrudu (Merchant, Farmer,Soldiers,Businessmen,Politicians)
    1. Gowda or Goud,Goud
  8. Alcohol Brewing
    1. Bhandari
    2. Edigas
    3. Idiga
    4. Kalal, Kalace
    5. Setty Balijas
    6. Yatha
  9. Yadav(Politicians,Farmers,Drivers,Traders,Businessmen)
    1. Yadav
    2. Golla
    3. Kuruba
    4. Kuruma
    5. Hatkar
    6. nayee brahmin(musicions,singers, ministers,leaders,Surgeon,devotes,kings)
    7. Niyoginayeebramhana
    8. nayee,nayeer,Nayer
    9. Mangali
    10. Nai (caste)
    11. Nayi-Brahmin
    12. Nayeebramhana kapu,balija,telaga
  1. Bamboo Workers
    1. Kandra
    2. Medara (Mahendra)
  2. Basket Weaving
    1. Gundla
      1. Goondla
    2. Gadaba (Forest tribe)
      1. Godaba
    3. Medari
  3. Meat Selling
    1. Aare Katika (were warriors during Shivaji Period)
    2. Katika
  4. Cobbler
    1. Chirakara
    2. Giniyar
    3. Muchi
    4. Nakhas
  5. Ceremony singers
    1. Jakkali
  6. watch&ward
    1. Katipapala
  7. Cotton Spining
    1. Dudekula
    2. Laddaf - Muslim
    3. Noor Basha - Muslim
    4. Pinjari - Muslim
  8. Earthen Work
    1. Odde
      1. Oddilu
    2. Uppara
      1. Sagara[disambiguation needed]
  9. Fishermen:
    1. Jalari
    2. Bestha/Besta (Fishermen in Telangana region )
    3. Neyyala
    4. Pattapu
    5. Vada Balija
  10. Mali (vegetable and fruit growers)
  11. Tailors, Dyers
    1. Rangarez (Muslim)
    2. Chippollu
    3. Mera
    4. Meru Darji
  12. Gypsies (Tribal)
    1. Banjara
    2. Kanjara Bhatta
    3. Lambada
    4. Sugalis
    5. Vanjara
    6. Vanjari
  13. shiva archka
    1. Tammali
  14. Jingara
  15. Kachi (Vegetable-grower)
  16. Nagavaddilu
  17. Nagavasam
    1. Nagavamsa
  18. Oil Pressing
    1. Gandla
    2. Sajjana gandla
    3. Ganiga
    4. Deva Thilakula
    5. Teli Kula
  19. Sandalwood Workers
    1. Agaru
  20. Vaddi (stonecutters and well-diggers)
    1. Vaddera
    2. Vaddelu

Scheduled castes

They are engaged predominantly in menial and manual labor and make up about 10% of the population.

  1. Adivasi
  2. Anamuk
  3. Bindla(Purohit for Madigas and Aadi shakthi Pujari)
  4. Bhajantri#Balasanthu
    1. Bahurupi
  5. Chandala
  6. Chachati
  7. Dandasi
  8. Ellamalawar
  9. Gudala
  10. Godagali
  11. Holeya Dasari
    1. Holeya Haddi
    2. Ghasi
    3. Relli Chachandi
    4. Chopemari
  12. Hunter
    1. Bedar Soldier and public service
      1. Pedda Boya
    2. Sindhollu
      1. Chindollu
    3. Kirataka
    4. Nishadi
    5. Pardhi (Weaving, carpentry)
      1. Nirishikari
      2. Passi
    6. Talayari
      1. Valmiki
    7. Jaggali
    8. Kaikadi (Basket-maker)
    9. Korcha
    10. Konda Reddies
      1. Konda Reddi
    11. Kunapuli
    12. Leatherworker
      1. Chamar
      2. Chambar
      3. Chamber
      4. Dhor
    13. Madiga
      1. Mahadiga
      2. Mahar (cotton-weavers)
    14. Mala
      1. Mala Hannai
      2. Matangi
      3. Mashti
      4. Netkani
      5. Poturaju (Shaman)
    15. Madar
    16. Mang
      1. Mang Garodi
    17. Mogaveera
    18. Mashteen
    19. Mandala
    20. Kuruva(Caste)
      1. Madari Kuruva:(Sheep Rearing, Begging, Sanchar)
      2. Madasi Kuruva (Sheep Rearing, Begging, Sanchar)
  13. Mithaayyalvar
    1. Mondivaru
      1. Banda
      2. Mondibanda
    2. Mondipatta
    3. Mandula
    4. Manual Labor
      1. Adi Dravida
      2. Adi Andhra
      3. Arunthathiyar
      4. Bada Jangam
      5. Budga Jangam
      6. Budabukkala
      7. Bavuri
      8. Byagara
      9. Dakkal
        1. Dokkalwar
      10. Nekkar
        1. Nokkar
      11. Pamidi
      12. Pambala
      13. Pambada
        1. Pambanda
      14. Panchama Parih
      15. Paky
      16. Pariki Muggula
      17. Peddammavandlu
        1. Devaravandlu
        2. Yallammavandlu
        3. Mutyalammavandlu
        4. Kolupulvandlu
      18. Samagara
      19. Samban
      20. Sapru
      21. Sweeper
        1. Mehtar
        2. Dommara
          1. Dom
          2. Domba
        3. Moti Muchi
        4. Mochi (Shoemaker)
        5. Pano
        6. Thoti (Tribal)
      22. Vamsharaj
        1. Girijan (Beggars)
        2. Kurru
        3. Pitchigunta
      23. Veeramusthi
        1. Nettikotala
        2. Veerabhadreeya
        3. Vannar
      24. Watchman
        1. Yenity
      25. Yarla

Scheduled tribes

They engage in hunting and gathering, the primitive type of agriculture known as shifting or slash-and-burn cultivation. They constitute 5% of the population.

  1. Yanadi (Nellore (dt), Costal Andhra Pradesh, India)
  2. Andha
    1. Raghu
  3. Bagata
  4. Bhil (experts in guerrilla warfare)
  5. Chenchu
    1. Chenchuwar
  6. Dhora
    1. Mukha
    2. Nooka
    3. Reddi
    4. Manna
  7. Godadas
  8. Gond
    1. Rajgond
    2. Kolam
      1. Mannervarlu (Forest tribe)
        1. Manne
    3. Pardhan (tribal-priests)
    4. Nayaks
    5. Naikpad
    6. Kotia
  9. Goudu
  10. Kammara (Tribal)
  11. Kattunayakan
  12. Konda
    1. Dhoras
    2. Kapus
    3. Kondhs
      1. Kuttiya
      2. Dongria
      3. Kodi
    4. Kodhs Desaya
    5. Reddies
    6. Jatapus
  13. Kotia
    1. Bartika
    2. Bentho Oriya
    3. Dulia (bamboo-workers)
    4. Holva
    5. Paiko (Soldier, cultivator)
    6. Putiya
    7. Sidhopaiko
  14. Koya
    1. Rasha
    2. Kottu
    3. Bhine
    4. Lingadhari
    5. Rajkoya
  15. Kulia
  16. Porja
    1. Parangiperja
  17. Rona
    1. Rena
    2. Sanrona
  18. Savaras (Munda-speaking tribes)
    1. Maliya
    2. Khutto
    3. Kapu
    4. Tikiria

References

  1. ^ a b http://www.aponline.gov.in/APPORTAL/departments/BC%20Welfare%20Reports/BC-Projected%20figures-final.xls
  2. ^ http://www.worldorganisationofrajputs.com/all-india-kshatriya-federation.html
  3. ^ http://www.kshatriyarajputs.org/history.aspx
  4. ^ http://www.vepachedu.org/caste.htm
  5. ^ ncbc.nic.in/backward-classes/ap.html

http://www.madasikuruva.hpage.com http://www.kuruva.info/ http://censusindia.gov.in/Tables_Published/SCST/SC%20Lists.pdf

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