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'''Maciej Stryjkowski''' (also referred to as '''Strykowski''' and '''Strycovius'''; ca. 1547 — ca. 1593) was a [[Poland|Polish]] historian, writer and a poet, notable as the author of ''Chronicle of Poland, Lithuania, Samogitia and all of Ruthenia'' (1582), considered the first printed book on the [[history of Lithuania]]<ref name="Osipowicz">{{pl icon}} {{cite web | author=Czesława Osipowicz | title=Polacy - twórcy na Litwie (Poles - Creating in Lithuania) | publisher=Wspólnota Polska | year= | work=Świat [[Polonia|Polonii]] | url=http://www.wspolnota-polska.org.pl/index.php?id=o_IIIfor11 | accessdate=2006-06-28 }}</ref>.
'''Maciej Stryjkowski''' ([[1547]] - [[1593]]) was a [[Masovia|Masovian]] born historian of [[Lithuania]] in the [[16th century]].


Maciej Stryjkowski was born around 1547 in [[Stryków]], a small town in the Polish region of [[Masovia]]. He graduated from a local school in [[Brzeziny]], after which he joined the army of the [[Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth]] and served in the forces of the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]], though it is not certain whether he actually took part in any war. Despite being a Pole, he spent most of his life in the Grand Duchy<ref name="Osipowicz"/>, initially as a soldier. Around [[1573]], at the age of roughly 25, he retired from active service and became a [[protégée]] of [[Mykolas Giedraitis]] (Melchior Giedroyć), the bishop of [[Samogitia]]. Eventually Stryjkowski became a Catholic priest and settled in the parish of [[Jurbarkas]] ({{lang-pl|Jurbork}}), a small village in the Lithuano-Prussian borderland. There he devoted his life to writing a monumental chronicle of the lands of Poland-Lithuania, eventually published in [[Königsberg|Królewiec]] in [[1582]]. The book, published under the title of ''Chronicle of Poland, Lithuania, Samogitia, and all of Ruthenia of Kiev, Moscow, Novgorod...''<ref name="Chronicle">The full title of the book in contemporary Polish language was long ''Kronika Polska, Litewska, Żmódzka y wszystkiej Rusi Kijowskiey, Moskiewskiey, Siewierskiey(...) y rozmaite przypadki woienne y domowe, pruskich, mazowieckich, pomorskich y inszych krain Królestwu Polskiemu y Wielkiemu Xięstwu Litewskiemu przyległych(...)'' and included all of the lands of mediaeval Ruthenia listed separately, as well as a short explanation of sources used. Because of that, it is usually referred to by its opening names only</ref><ref name="Stryjkowski">{{pl icon}} {{cite book | author =Maciej Stryjkowski | coauthors = | title =Kronika polska, litewska, żmódzka i wszystkiéj Rusi Macieja Stryjkowskiego | year =1985 | editor = | pages =572 | chapter = | chapterurl = | publisher =Wydawnictwa Artystyczne i Filmowe | location =Warsaw | id = | url = | format = | accessdate = }}</ref> is a classic piece of literature written in the [[Polish language]] and detailed much of the history of the [[Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth]] and its parts from their legendary roots up to [[1581]].
Maciej Stryjkowski was born around 1547 Striykow ([[Masovia]]), died before 1593 somewhere in the[[ Grand Duchy of Lithuania]]. 15465-1573 he serwed in [[ Grand Duchy of Lithuania |GDL]] army, later was patronised by [[Samogitian]] bishop [[Mykolas Giedraitis]], who made him [[parish priest ]] of [[Jurbarkas]].


The chronicle was a successful compilation of earlier chronicles by [[Jan Długosz]] and [[Maciej Miechowita]], but did also include Ruthenian [[letopis]]es, folk tales and legends<ref name="PWN">{{pl icon}} {{cite encyclopedia | year = 2005 | title = Stryjkowski, Maciej | encyclopedia =[[PWN Encyclopedia]] | publisher = [[PWN]] | location = Warsaw | id = }}</ref>. It instantly gained much fame among the [[szlachta]] and it is often argued that Stryjkowski was among the Polish writers to shape the Lithuanian national identity, as his works were later copied by scores of writers and chroniclers in all parts of the region<ref name="Miłosz">{{pl icon}} {{cite web | author=[[Czesław Miłosz]] | title=Aby duchy umarłych zostawiły nas w spokoju (So that the spirits of the dead leave us in peace) | publisher=[[Znak]] | year=Kraków | work=Czesław Miłosz homepage | url=http://www.milosz.pl/e_aduznws.php | accessdate=2006-06-28 }}</ref><ref name="Konopnicka">{{pl icon}} {{cite web | author=Maria Konopka-Wichrowska | title=My, Litwa... (We, the Lithuania) | publisher= | year= | work=Unofficial page of Berezino | url=http://www.berezino.net/MyLitwa.html | accessdate=2006-06-28 }}</ref><ref name="PWN"/>. Until [[19th century]] the works of Stryjkowski were considered to be the basic sources of information on early period of history of the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]]<ref name="Krawcewicz">{{pl icon}} {{cite journal | author = Aleksander Krawcewicz | year = | month = | title = Formowanie się koncepcji genezy Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego w polskiej historiografii (Formative Period of the Concept of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in Polish Historiography) | journal = Białoruskie Zeszyty Historyczne | volume =11 | issue = | pages =1
He has written many works on history of the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]]. All of them were written with an intention to glorify the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania |GDL]], it's politics and rulers.
| doi = | id = | url =http://www.bialorus.pl/index.php?secId=49&docId=66&&Rozdzial=historia | format = | accessdate =2006-06-28 }}</ref>. It was not until the advent of modern historiography that his chronicle started to be criticised and disputed, mainly due to his favour of the [[magnate]]s, lack of distinction between legends and historic accounts and his theory on the [[Roman Empire|Roman]] origin of the Lithuanian ruling families.


In [[1577]] Stryjkowski also authored a large [[epic poem]] ''On the beginnings of the famed nation of Lithuania (...)''<ref name="O początkach">As in the case of his chronicle, the full title was ''O początkach, wywodach, dzielnościach, sprawach rycerskich i domowych sławnego narodu litewskiego, żemojdzkiego i ruskiego, przed tym nigdy od żadnego ani kuszone, ani opisane, z natchnienia Bożego a uprzejmie pilnego doświadczenia'', which could be roughly translated as ''On the beginnings, accounts, virtues, marital and domestic affairs of the famed nations of Lithuania, Samogitia, Ruthenia; never before touched or described by anyone, put down out of God's inspiration and own experience''</ref><ref name="Radziszewska">{{pl icon}} {{cite book | author =Maciej Stryjkowski | coauthors =[[Augustyn Rotundus]], Maria Karpluk, Jan Sękowski, Maria Ściebora, Jan Safarewicz | title =O początkach, wywodach, dzielnościach, sprawach rycerskich i domowych(...) | year =1978 | editor =Julia Radziszewska | pages =762 | chapter = | chapterurl = | publisher =PIW | location =Warsaw | id = | url = | format = | accessdate = }}</ref>, which however was not published until after Stryjkowski's death. He died around the year [[1593]], though the exact date and place remain unknown.
In the [[19th century]], his works were considered to be one of the main sources for history of the GDL. Nowadays, some facts in his writings are regarded as disputable, because he was not critical when selecting his sources and favored politics of GDL aristocrats.
Some historians guess, that the theory of Roman origin of GDL nobles, was created by Strijkowski himself, being not based on other then Lithuanian sources.


==Notes and references==
<!--This article uses the Cite.php citation mechanism. If you would like more information on how to add references to this article, please see http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Cite/Cite.php -->
<div class="references-small">
::'''In-line:'''
<references/>
::'''General:'''
⚫
# {{pl icon}} J. Radziszewska, Maciej Stryjkowski, historyk-poet z epoki Odrodzenia, Katowice, 1978.
# {{pl icon}} {{cite book | author =[[Julia Radziszewska]] | coauthors = | title =Maciej Stryjkowski: historyk-poeta z epoki Odrodzenia (Stryjkowski: a Renaissance historian and poet) | year =1978 | editor = | pages = | chapter = | chapterurl = | publisher =[[Silesian University]] | location =Katowice | id = | url = | format = | accessdate = }}
⚫
# {{lt icon}} Short biography [http://postilla.mch.mii.lt/Istorija/stryjkovskis.htm]
</div>


== External link ==
* [http://www.mb.vu.lt/unesco/knygos/knygos/istorija/strik/mstrik.htm Front page] of Strykowski's chronicle and his contemporary portrait


==Reference==
⚫
*{{pl icon}} J. Radziszewska, Maciej Stryjkowski, historyk-poet z epoki Odrodzenia, Katowice, 1978.
⚫
*{{lt icon}} Short biography [http://postilla.mch.mii.lt/Istorija/stryjkovskis.htm]

{{Lithuania-bio-stub}}
[[Category:Lithuanian culture]]
[[Category:Lithuanian culture]]
[[Category:Polish nobility|Stryjkowski, Maciej]]
[[Category:Polish nobility|Stryjkowski, Maciej]]

Revision as of 04:42, 29 June 2006

Maciej Stryjkowski (also referred to as Strykowski and Strycovius; ca. 1547 — ca. 1593) was a Polish historian, writer and a poet, notable as the author of Chronicle of Poland, Lithuania, Samogitia and all of Ruthenia (1582), considered the first printed book on the history of Lithuania[1].

Maciej Stryjkowski was born around 1547 in Stryków, a small town in the Polish region of Masovia. He graduated from a local school in Brzeziny, after which he joined the army of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and served in the forces of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, though it is not certain whether he actually took part in any war. Despite being a Pole, he spent most of his life in the Grand Duchy[1], initially as a soldier. Around 1573, at the age of roughly 25, he retired from active service and became a protégée of Mykolas Giedraitis (Melchior Giedroyć), the bishop of Samogitia. Eventually Stryjkowski became a Catholic priest and settled in the parish of Jurbarkas (Template:Lang-pl), a small village in the Lithuano-Prussian borderland. There he devoted his life to writing a monumental chronicle of the lands of Poland-Lithuania, eventually published in Królewiec in 1582. The book, published under the title of Chronicle of Poland, Lithuania, Samogitia, and all of Ruthenia of Kiev, Moscow, Novgorod...[2][3] is a classic piece of literature written in the Polish language and detailed much of the history of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and its parts from their legendary roots up to 1581.

The chronicle was a successful compilation of earlier chronicles by Jan Długosz and Maciej Miechowita, but did also include Ruthenian letopises, folk tales and legends[4]. It instantly gained much fame among the szlachta and it is often argued that Stryjkowski was among the Polish writers to shape the Lithuanian national identity, as his works were later copied by scores of writers and chroniclers in all parts of the region[5][6][4]. Until 19th century the works of Stryjkowski were considered to be the basic sources of information on early period of history of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania[7]. It was not until the advent of modern historiography that his chronicle started to be criticised and disputed, mainly due to his favour of the magnates, lack of distinction between legends and historic accounts and his theory on the Roman origin of the Lithuanian ruling families.

In 1577 Stryjkowski also authored a large epic poem On the beginnings of the famed nation of Lithuania (...)[8][9], which however was not published until after Stryjkowski's death. He died around the year 1593, though the exact date and place remain unknown.

Notes and references

In-line:
  1. ^ a b Template:Pl icon Czesława Osipowicz. "Polacy - twórcy na Litwie (Poles - Creating in Lithuania)". Świat Polonii. Wspólnota Polska. Retrieved 2006-06-28.
  2. ^ The full title of the book in contemporary Polish language was long Kronika Polska, Litewska, Żmódzka y wszystkiej Rusi Kijowskiey, Moskiewskiey, Siewierskiey(...) y rozmaite przypadki woienne y domowe, pruskich, mazowieckich, pomorskich y inszych krain Królestwu Polskiemu y Wielkiemu Xięstwu Litewskiemu przyległych(...) and included all of the lands of mediaeval Ruthenia listed separately, as well as a short explanation of sources used. Because of that, it is usually referred to by its opening names only
  3. ^ Template:Pl icon Maciej Stryjkowski (1985). Kronika polska, litewska, żmódzka i wszystkiéj Rusi Macieja Stryjkowskiego. Warsaw: Wydawnictwa Artystyczne i Filmowe. p. 572. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |chapterurl= and |coauthors= (help)
  4. ^ a b Template:Pl icon "Stryjkowski, Maciej". PWN Encyclopedia. Warsaw: PWN. 2005.
  5. ^ Template:Pl icon Czesław Miłosz (Kraków). "Aby duchy umarłych zostawiły nas w spokoju (So that the spirits of the dead leave us in peace)". Czesław Miłosz homepage. Znak. Retrieved 2006-06-28. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |year= (help)CS1 maint: year (link)
  6. ^ Template:Pl icon Maria Konopka-Wichrowska. "My, Litwa... (We, the Lithuania)". Unofficial page of Berezino. Retrieved 2006-06-28.
  7. ^ Template:Pl icon Aleksander Krawcewicz. "Formowanie się koncepcji genezy Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego w polskiej historiografii (Formative Period of the Concept of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in Polish Historiography)". Białoruskie Zeszyty Historyczne. 11: 1. Retrieved 2006-06-28. {{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |month= (help)
  8. ^ As in the case of his chronicle, the full title was O początkach, wywodach, dzielnościach, sprawach rycerskich i domowych sławnego narodu litewskiego, żemojdzkiego i ruskiego, przed tym nigdy od żadnego ani kuszone, ani opisane, z natchnienia Bożego a uprzejmie pilnego doświadczenia, which could be roughly translated as On the beginnings, accounts, virtues, marital and domestic affairs of the famed nations of Lithuania, Samogitia, Ruthenia; never before touched or described by anyone, put down out of God's inspiration and own experience
  9. ^ Template:Pl icon Maciej Stryjkowski (1978). Julia Radziszewska (ed.). O początkach, wywodach, dzielnościach, sprawach rycerskich i domowych(...). Warsaw: PIW. p. 762. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
General:
  1. Template:Pl icon J. Radziszewska, Maciej Stryjkowski, historyk-poet z epoki Odrodzenia, Katowice, 1978.
  2. Template:Pl icon Julia Radziszewska (1978). Maciej Stryjkowski: historyk-poeta z epoki Odrodzenia (Stryjkowski: a Renaissance historian and poet). Katowice: Silesian University. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters: |chapterurl= and |coauthors= (help)
  3. Template:Lt icon Short biography [1]
  • Front page of Strykowski's chronicle and his contemporary portrait
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