IFIT proteins: Difference between revisions
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== Origins of IFIT Proteins == |
== Origins of IFIT Proteins == |
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IFIT protein encoding genes (IFIT genes) are known to have originated in vertebrates about 450 million years ago.<ref>Liu Y, Zhang YB et al (20 Jun 2013). “Lineage-specific expansion of IFIT gene family: an insight into coevolution with IFN gene family”. PLoS One.;8(6):e66859. doi: [http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0066859 10.1371/journal.pone.0066859]</ref> |
IFIT protein encoding genes (IFIT genes) are known to have originated in vertebrates about 450 million years ago. These genes are mostly conserved throughout the evolution suggesting that they have a common protective role in all species.<ref>Liu Y, Zhang YB et al (20 Jun 2013). “Lineage-specific expansion of IFIT gene family: an insight into coevolution with IFN gene family”. PLoS One.;8(6):e66859. doi: [http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0066859 10.1371/journal.pone.0066859]</ref> |
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== Anti viral mechanism of IFIT proteins == |
== Anti viral mechanism of IFIT proteins == |
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Revision as of 19:34, 29 June 2014
IFIT proteins (Interferon Induced proteins with Tetratricopeptide repeats) are produced in human body that are supposed to confer immunity against viral infection. These proteins are generally produced during viral infection, Interferon (IFN) treatment, and during pathogen recognition (Pathogen associated molecular pattern recognition) by immune system during infections.[1] So far, four families of this protein have been identified in humans which are IFIT1, IFIT2, IFIT3 and IFIT5. Birds, Marsupials, Frogs and Fishes have been found to produce only IFIT5 type proteins. These proteins differ from each other in having different number of tetratricopeptide repeats(TPRs). The IFIT1 is known to possess 6 TPRs and IFIT2 has 4 TPRs. The IFIT proteins that are produced in humans and mouse are 40%-45% similar. It is thought that the Gene encoding IFIT protein in different species has a common ancestry.
Origins of IFIT Proteins
IFIT protein encoding genes (IFIT genes) are known to have originated in vertebrates about 450 million years ago. These genes are mostly conserved throughout the evolution suggesting that they have a common protective role in all species.[2]
Anti viral mechanism of IFIT proteins
IFIT proteins show anti viral activity by binding specifically to viral nucleic acids. Experimental data and the three dimensional structure of IFIT1 reveals that the proteins bind to viral PPP RNA in sequence specific manner. Few viruses like Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), and influenza A produce PPP RNA nucleic acid during their life cycle.
References
- ^ Diamond, Michael S.; Farzan, Michael (14 December 2012). "The broad-spectrum antiviral functions of IFIT and IFITM proteins". Nature Reviews Immunology. 13 (1): 46–57. doi:10.1038/nri3344.
- ^ Liu Y, Zhang YB et al (20 Jun 2013). “Lineage-specific expansion of IFIT gene family: an insight into coevolution with IFN gene family”. PLoS One.;8(6):e66859. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066859