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After some delay, a product was introduced in 1988.<ref name="nyt88">{{Cite news |title= The Shrinking Supercomputer |author= Lawrence M. Fisher |newspaper= The New York Times |date= February 26, 1988 |url= http://www.nytimes.com/1988/02/26/business/the-shrinking-supercomputer.html |accessdate= June 10, 2013}}</ref>
After some delay, a product was introduced in 1988.<ref name="nyt88">{{Cite news |title= The Shrinking Supercomputer |author= Lawrence M. Fisher |newspaper= The New York Times |date= February 26, 1988 |url= http://www.nytimes.com/1988/02/26/business/the-shrinking-supercomputer.html |accessdate= June 10, 2013}}</ref>


The merger of the two rivals was announced on August 30, 1989,<ref>[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0NEW/is_1989_Sept_5/ai_7620810 Ardent pursuit of Stellar victorious, Newsbytes News Network, Sept. 5, 1989] {{dead link |date=June 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title= Stellar Is Set to Announce Merger with Rival Ardent: New Firm to be Called Stardent |work= Boston Globe |date= August 30, 1989 |author= Jane FitzSimon |url= http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-8135698.html }}</ref>
The merger of the two rivals was announced on August 30, 1989,{{citation needed}}<ref>{{Cite news |title= Stellar Is Set to Announce Merger with Rival Ardent: New Firm to be Called Stardent |work= Boston Globe |date= August 30, 1989 |author= Jane FitzSimon |url= http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-8135698.html }}</ref>
and completed in November 1989, with Poduska as chief executive.
and completed in November 1989, with Poduska as chief executive.
Bell served as chief scientist.<ref>{{Cite news |title= Letters |work= Harvard Business Review |date= March–April 1990 |author= Gordon Bell |url= http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/gbell/cgb%20files/he%20who%20has%20most%20toys%20harvardbusreview%209003-9004%20c.pdf |accessdate= June 10, 2013 }}</ref>
Bell served as chief scientist.<ref>{{Cite news |title= Letters |work= Harvard Business Review |date= March–April 1990 |author= Gordon Bell |url= http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/gbell/cgb%20files/he%20who%20has%20most%20toys%20harvardbusreview%209003-9004%20c.pdf |accessdate= June 10, 2013 }}</ref>
Although the Stardent products were known for their high performance, they also demanded high prices. A 1990 model was quoted at $123,400, for example, although much less than the [[Cray Y-MP]].<ref>{{Cite news |title= Cray, Stardent Models Shine In Computer Test |work= Chicago Tribune |date= March 25, 1990 |author= Jon Van |url= http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1990-03-25/business/9001240684_1_cray-y-mp8-supercomputer-users-cray-research |accessdate= June 10, 201 }}</ref>
Although the Stardent products were known for their high performance, they also demanded high prices. A 1990 model was quoted at $123,400, for example, although much less than the [[Cray Y-MP]].<ref>{{Cite news |title= Cray, Stardent Models Shine In Computer Test |work= Chicago Tribune |date= March 25, 1990 |author= Jon Van |url= http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1990-03-25/business/9001240684_1_cray-y-mp8-supercomputer-users-cray-research |accessdate= June 10, 201 }}</ref>


In early July 1990, the California portion of Stardent was transferred to the company headquarters in Massachusetts.<ref>[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0NEW/is_1990_July_10/ai_9425769 Newsbytes index - July 10, 1990] {{dead link |date=June 2013}}</ref>
In early July 1990, the California portion of Stardent was transferred to the company headquarters in Massachusetts.{{citation needed}}
Co-chairmen Michaels and Sanders brought suit against Kubota on July 13 for $25 million in damages, contending that Kubota used its financial leverage over Ardent to force it to merge and then transfer people and technology into a Kubota unit.<ref name="suit">{{Cite news |title= Computer Technology Suit |author= Lawrence M. Fisher |newspaper= The New York Times |date= July 13, 1990 |url= http://www.nytimes.com/1990/07/13/business/computer-technology-suit.html |accessdate= June 10, 2013}}</ref>
Co-chairmen Michaels and Sanders brought suit against Kubota on July 13 for $25 million in damages, contending that Kubota used its financial leverage over Ardent to force it to merge and then transfer people and technology into a Kubota unit.<ref name="suit">{{Cite news |title= Computer Technology Suit |author= Lawrence M. Fisher |newspaper= The New York Times |date= July 13, 1990 |url= http://www.nytimes.com/1990/07/13/business/computer-technology-suit.html |accessdate= June 10, 2013}}</ref>
On July 24, 1990, Stardent fired co-chairmen Michaels and Sanders, after offering a settlement to avoid publicity.<ref name="nyt90">{{Cite news |title= Kubota Is Put in Middle Of an East-West Clash |author= Andrew Pollack |newspaper= The New York Times |date= July 20, 1990 |url= http://www.nytimes.com/1990/07/20/business/kubota-is-put-in-middle-of-an-east-west-clash.html |accessdate= June 10, 2013}}</ref><ref>[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0NEW/is_1990_July_26/ai_9454173 Ousted Stardent co-chairmen vow to continue fight, Newsbytes News Network, July 26, 1990] {{dead link |date=June 2013}}</ref>
On July 24, 1990, Stardent fired co-chairmen Michaels and Sanders, after offering a settlement to avoid publicity.<ref name="nyt90">{{Cite news |title= Kubota Is Put in Middle Of an East-West Clash |author= Andrew Pollack |newspaper= The New York Times |date= July 20, 1990 |url= http://www.nytimes.com/1990/07/20/business/kubota-is-put-in-middle-of-an-east-west-clash.html |accessdate= June 10, 2013}}</ref>{{citation needed}}
In August the board of directors dismissed Michaels and Sanders from the board, and agreed to sell more equity in the company to Kubota for an additional $60 million.<ref name="ap90">{{Cite news |title= Stardent Strengthens Relationship with Company, Ousts Two Directors |author= Associated Press |date= August 21, 1990 |url= http://www.apnewsarchive.com/1990/Stardent-Strengthens-Relationship-with-Company-Ousts-Two-Directors/id-c1ab3cec59a15a6e0d26d6ce7857d6c2 |accessdate= June 10, 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title= Stardent Backs Japanese in Computer Suit |work= Los Angeles Times |author= United Press International |date= July 23, 1990 |url= http://articles.latimes.com/1990-07-23/business/fi-537_1_kubota-pacific-computer |accessdate= June 10, 2013 }}</ref>
In August the board of directors dismissed Michaels and Sanders from the board, and agreed to sell more equity in the company to Kubota for an additional $60 million.<ref name="ap90">{{Cite news |title= Stardent Strengthens Relationship with Company, Ousts Two Directors |author= Associated Press |date= August 21, 1990 |url= http://www.apnewsarchive.com/1990/Stardent-Strengthens-Relationship-with-Company-Ousts-Two-Directors/id-c1ab3cec59a15a6e0d26d6ce7857d6c2 |accessdate= June 10, 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title= Stardent Backs Japanese in Computer Suit |work= Los Angeles Times |author= United Press International |date= July 23, 1990 |url= http://articles.latimes.com/1990-07-23/business/fi-537_1_kubota-pacific-computer |accessdate= June 10, 2013 }}</ref>


In August 1991, Stardent spun off its popular Application Visualization System (AVS) software into a separate company.<ref>[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0NEW/is_1991_August_16/ai_11205787 Stardent spin-off to sell visualization package, Newsbytes News Network, August 16, 1991]</ref> In November of that same year, Stardent announced<ref>[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0NEW/is_1991_Nov_6/ai_11458984 Stardent to spin-off hardware, become software firm, Newsbytes News Network, Nov 6, 1991] {{dead link |date=June 2013}}</ref> that it would cease to operate under the name Stardent Computer, sell off its Titan workstation operations to Kubota Pacific Computers, find a buyer for its Vistra workstations and create a new company called GS Computer Services to provide maintenance and support for its discontinued GS series workstations it inherited from Stellar.
In August 1991, Stardent spun off its popular Application Visualization System (AVS) software into a separate company.{{citation needed}} In November of that same year, Stardent announced{{citation needed}} that it would cease to operate under the name Stardent Computer, sell off its Titan workstation operations to Kubota Pacific Computers, find a buyer for its Vistra workstations and create a new company called GS Computer Services to provide maintenance and support for its discontinued GS series workstations it inherited from Stellar.
Investors lost an estimated $200 million.<ref>{{Cite news |title= Concord's Stardent a $200 million failure |author= Ronald Rosenberg |work= Boston Globe |date= November 6, 1991 |url= http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-7684724.html }}</ref>
Investors lost an estimated $200 million.<ref>{{Cite news |title= Concord's Stardent a $200 million failure |author= Ronald Rosenberg |work= Boston Globe |date= November 6, 1991 |url= http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-7684724.html }}</ref>
The remainder of the company would focus on the AVS software system and the existing shareholders of Stardent would become shareholders of the software firm. By the end of the year, the company had given up on finding a buyer, believed to be [[Oki Electric]], for the Vistra line of workstations but still hoped to sell the underlying graphics technology based on the [[Intel i860]].<ref>[http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0EKF/is_n1892_v37/ai_11688658 Stardent ends bid to sell station line, Electronic News, Dec 23, 1991]{{dead link |date=June 2013}}</ref>
The remainder of the company would focus on the AVS software system and the existing shareholders of Stardent would become shareholders of the software firm. By the end of the year, the company had given up on finding a buyer, believed to be [[Oki Electric]], for the Vistra line of workstations but still hoped to sell the underlying graphics technology based on the [[Intel i860]].{{citation needed}}


Stardent had decided to liquidate itself instead of pursuing new funding from Kubota Corporation.
Stardent had decided to liquidate itself instead of pursuing new funding from Kubota Corporation.

Revision as of 04:35, 2 July 2014

Stardent Computer, Inc. was a manufacturer of graphics supercomputer workstations in the late 1990s. It was formed from two previous companies, Ardent Computer Corporation and Stellar Computer Inc. that were started in the late 1980s.

History

Stellar Computer was founded in 1985 in Newton, Massachusetts, and headed by William Poduska, who had founded Prime Computer and Apollo Computer.[1] Their first product was demonstrated in March 1988.[2] An investment from Japanese company Mitsui and others was announced in June 1988, bringing the total capital raised to $48 million.[3]

Ardent Computer Corporation was also founded in 1985, by Alan H. Michaels and Matthew Sanders III to develop similar products, but based in Sunnyvale, California. Gordon Bell who had been architect of the VAX computer, was an early member of Ardent. Michaels had considered working with Poduska, but founded Convergent Technologies instead, before Ardent.[1] Japan-based Kubota Corporation became a major investor, owning up to 44% of Ardent.[4] After some delay, a product was introduced in 1988.[5]

The merger of the two rivals was announced on August 30, 1989,[citation needed][6] and completed in November 1989, with Poduska as chief executive. Bell served as chief scientist.[7] Although the Stardent products were known for their high performance, they also demanded high prices. A 1990 model was quoted at $123,400, for example, although much less than the Cray Y-MP.[8]

In early July 1990, the California portion of Stardent was transferred to the company headquarters in Massachusetts.[citation needed] Co-chairmen Michaels and Sanders brought suit against Kubota on July 13 for $25 million in damages, contending that Kubota used its financial leverage over Ardent to force it to merge and then transfer people and technology into a Kubota unit.[9] On July 24, 1990, Stardent fired co-chairmen Michaels and Sanders, after offering a settlement to avoid publicity.[10][citation needed] In August the board of directors dismissed Michaels and Sanders from the board, and agreed to sell more equity in the company to Kubota for an additional $60 million.[4][11]

In August 1991, Stardent spun off its popular Application Visualization System (AVS) software into a separate company.[citation needed] In November of that same year, Stardent announced[citation needed] that it would cease to operate under the name Stardent Computer, sell off its Titan workstation operations to Kubota Pacific Computers, find a buyer for its Vistra workstations and create a new company called GS Computer Services to provide maintenance and support for its discontinued GS series workstations it inherited from Stellar. Investors lost an estimated $200 million.[12] The remainder of the company would focus on the AVS software system and the existing shareholders of Stardent would become shareholders of the software firm. By the end of the year, the company had given up on finding a buyer, believed to be Oki Electric, for the Vistra line of workstations but still hoped to sell the underlying graphics technology based on the Intel i860.[citation needed]

Stardent had decided to liquidate itself instead of pursuing new funding from Kubota Corporation. Its sales were estimated at only $40 million in 1990,[13] which limited its ability to compete with other workstation manufacturers such as IBM, HP and Silicon Graphics. Kubota Graphics was dissolved in 1994.[14]

Products

  • Titan workstation[15]
  • Vistra workstation

Stellar Graphics Supercomputer

The Stellar line was called the graphics supercomputer (GS). It was considered an advanced design for the late 1980s.[16]

References

  1. ^ a b John Markoff (August 30, 1989). "Ardent Computer Link To Stellar Is Disclosed". The New York Times. Retrieved June 10, 2013.
  2. ^ Jane FitzSimon (March 15, 1988). "Stellar Computer Makes its Debut". Boston Globe.
  3. ^ "Mitsui Invests in Stellar". Boston Globe. June 9, 1988.
  4. ^ a b Associated Press (August 21, 1990). "Stardent Strengthens Relationship with Company, Ousts Two Directors". Retrieved June 10, 2013.
  5. ^ Lawrence M. Fisher (February 26, 1988). "The Shrinking Supercomputer". The New York Times. Retrieved June 10, 2013.
  6. ^ Jane FitzSimon (August 30, 1989). "Stellar Is Set to Announce Merger with Rival Ardent: New Firm to be Called Stardent". Boston Globe.
  7. ^ Gordon Bell (March–April 1990). "Letters" (PDF). Harvard Business Review. Retrieved June 10, 2013.
  8. ^ Jon Van (March 25, 1990). "Cray, Stardent Models Shine In Computer Test". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved June 10, 201. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  9. ^ Lawrence M. Fisher (July 13, 1990). "Computer Technology Suit". The New York Times. Retrieved June 10, 2013.
  10. ^ Andrew Pollack (July 20, 1990). "Kubota Is Put in Middle Of an East-West Clash". The New York Times. Retrieved June 10, 2013.
  11. ^ United Press International (July 23, 1990). "Stardent Backs Japanese in Computer Suit". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved June 10, 2013.
  12. ^ Ronald Rosenberg (November 6, 1991). "Concord's Stardent a $200 million failure". Boston Globe.
  13. ^ William M. Bulkeley (1991). "Stardent Computer to close, becoming one of largest venture capital failures". Wall Street Journal.
  14. ^ "Kubota Corporation History". Funding Universe. Retrieved June 10, 2013.
  15. ^ "Stardent 3000 Titan". Computer History Museum. Retrieved June 10, 2013.
  16. ^ "An introduction to the architecture of the Stellar Graphics supercomputer". IEEE Computer Society International Conference: 464–467. February 29, 1988. doi:10.1109/CMPCON.1988.4912. ISBN 0-8186-0828-5. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |authors= ignored (help)
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