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{{main|List of Winnie the Pooh characters}}
{{main|List of Winnie the Pooh characters}}
[[File:Example.png<!--Pooh and Friends.png-->|thumb|350px|{{tick}}From left to right: Owl, Pooh, Tigger, Piglet, Roo, Eeyore, and Rabbit]]
[[File:Example.png<!--Pooh and Friends.png-->|thumb|350px|{{tick}}From left to right: Owl, Pooh, Tigger, Piglet, Roo, Eeyore, and Rabbit]]
*{{cross}}'''[[Winnie the Pooh]]''' ([[Jim Cummings]]) is the main character. He is a very lovable character who is always good-natured. Very naive and "bear of very little brain". Cummings called the program timeless<ref>http://books.google.com/books?id=0cEAOsLJad8C&pg=PA136&dq=Cummings+Winchell+Pooh&hl=en&sa=X&ei=LT66U63UKcWU8QGJloGIDQ&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Cummings%20Winchell%20Pooh&f=false</ref>
*{{cross}}'''[[Winnie the Pooh]]''' ([[Jim Cummings]]) is the main character. He is a very lovable character who is always good-natured. Very naive and "bear of very little brain". Cummings called the program timeless<ref>{{Cite book | last1 = Lawson | first1 = Tim | last2 = Persons | first2 = Alisa | title = The Magic Behind the Voices: A Who's Who of Cartoon Voice Actors | publisher = Univ. Press of Mississippi | url = http://books.google.com/books/about/The_Magic_Behind_the_Voices.html?id=0cEAOsLJad8C | page = 139 | quote = "When asked for his opinion of what will will endure of recent animation, Cummings replied that he believes the Disney programs like ''Winnie the Pooh'', ''Goof Troop'', an ''Tale Spin'' are timeless." | date = December 9, 2004}}</ref>
*{{cross}}'''[[Piglet (Winnie-the-Pooh)|Piglet]]''' ([[John Fiedler]]) is Pooh's best friend. He is shy, very kindhearted and is obsessed with keeping things neat and tidy, and enjoys beautiful things like flowers. His fears and nervousness often hinder his life, as he runs and hides when unnecessary and often stutters when nervous, but has been shown to have a lot of hidden courage and often faces danger to help others. He sometimes has an inferiority complex, although his friends think highly of him. Episodes about him tend to revolve around these traits as well as his small size. Fellow actor Jim Cummings described his voice as "kind of like the wind blowing through tall grass. It sounded homey, and it sounding comforting"<ref>http://articles.latimes.com/2005/jun/28/local/me-fiedler28</ref> Fiedler was very proud of his work on the show and enjoyed the role just as much as when he started in 1968<ref name="Fiedler">http://books.google.com/books?id=jfEnWZswjS4C&printsec=frontcover&dq=john+fiedler+book&hl=en&sa=X&ei=qkPoU9SnG5Tw8AGlk4HoBQ&ved=0CCUQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=proud&f=false</ref>
*{{cross}}'''[[Piglet (Winnie-the-Pooh)|Piglet]]''' ([[John Fiedler]]) is Pooh's best friend. He is shy, very kindhearted and is obsessed with keeping things neat and tidy, and enjoys beautiful things like flowers. His fears and nervousness often hinder his life, as he runs and hides when unnecessary and often stutters when nervous, but has been shown to have a lot of hidden courage and often faces danger to help others. He sometimes has an inferiority complex, although his friends think highly of him. Episodes about him tend to revolve around these traits as well as his small size. Fellow actor Jim Cummings described his voice as "kind of like the wind blowing through tall grass. It sounded homey, and it sounding comforting"<ref>http://articles.latimes.com/2005/jun/28/local/me-fiedler28</ref> Fiedler was very proud of his work on the show and enjoyed the role just as much as when he started in 1968<ref name="Fiedler">http://books.google.com/books?id=jfEnWZswjS4C&printsec=frontcover&dq=john+fiedler+book&hl=en&sa=X&ei=qkPoU9SnG5Tw8AGlk4HoBQ&ved=0CCUQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=proud&f=false</ref>
*{{cross}}'''[[Tigger]]''' ([[Paul Winchell]], Jim Cummings) is an [[wikt:ebullient|ebullient]] tiger. Tigger is always filled with great energy and optimism, and though always well-meaning, he can also be mischievous, and his actions have sometimes led to chaos and trouble for himself and his friends. He is very confident and has quite an ego, having a high opinion of himself. He has a notable habit of mispronouncing various words, or stressing wrong syllables in them. Unlike previous adaptations, Tigger is shown living in a large treehouse. Winchell thought of him as a cross between the [[Dead End Kids]] and the [[Cowardly Lion]].<ref name="Jim">http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1129&dat=20050212&id=iYlIAAAAIBAJ&sjid=FXEDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6129,708801</ref> Tigger was voiced by Winchell for the first 33 episodes and by Jim Cummings for the later seasons<ref name="PoohChristmas">{{cite news | last = Jefferson | first = Graham | date = 1991-12-13 | title = Prime-time 'Pooh' Christmas | url = http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/USAToday/doc/306509861.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Dec+13%2C+1991&author=Jefferson%2C+Graham&pub=USA+TODAY+%28pre-1997+Fulltext%29&edition=&startpage=&desc=Prime-time+%60Pooh%27+Christmas | newspaper = [[USA Today]] | section = Life | page = 03.D | subscription = yes | accessdate = 2014-09-07 | via = ProQuest Archiver }}</ref> When Cummings took over the role, Winchell said "Take care of my little friend for me"<ref name="Jim" />
*{{cross}}'''[[Tigger]]''' ([[Paul Winchell]], Jim Cummings) is an [[wikt:ebullient|ebullient]] tiger. Tigger is always filled with great energy and optimism, and though always well-meaning, he can also be mischievous, and his actions have sometimes led to chaos and trouble for himself and his friends. He is very confident and has quite an ego, having a high opinion of himself. He has a notable habit of mispronouncing various words, or stressing wrong syllables in them. Unlike previous adaptations, Tigger is shown living in a large treehouse. Winchell thought of him as a cross between the [[Dead End Kids]] and the [[Cowardly Lion]].<ref name="Jim">http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1129&dat=20050212&id=iYlIAAAAIBAJ&sjid=FXEDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6129,708801</ref> Tigger was voiced by Winchell for the first 33 episodes and by Jim Cummings for the later seasons<ref name="PoohChristmas">{{cite news | last = Jefferson | first = Graham | date = 1991-12-13 | title = Prime-time 'Pooh' Christmas | url = http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/USAToday/doc/306509861.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Dec+13%2C+1991&author=Jefferson%2C+Graham&pub=USA+TODAY+%28pre-1997+Fulltext%29&edition=&startpage=&desc=Prime-time+%60Pooh%27+Christmas | newspaper = [[USA Today]] | section = Life | page = 03.D | subscription = yes | accessdate = 2014-09-07 | via = ProQuest Archiver }}</ref> When Cummings took over the role, Winchell said "Take care of my little friend for me"<ref name="Jim" />

Revision as of 19:43, 7 September 2014

Noahcs/pooh
GenreAdventure
Comedy
Fantasy
Based onA.A. Milne
Voices ofJim Cummings
John Fiedler
Paul Winchell
Ken Sansom
Peter Cullen
Hal Smith
Michael Gough
Patricia Parris
Tim Hoskins
Nicholas Melody
Theme music composerThom Sharp
Opening themePooh Bear
ComposerSteve Nelson
No. of seasons4
No. of episodes50 (82 segments) (list of episodes)
Production
ProducersKarl Geurs
Ken Kessel
EditorMark Zaslove
Running time22 minutes
Production companyWalt Disney Television Animation
Original release
NetworkDisney Channel (1988)
ABC (1988-1991)
ReleaseJanuary 22, 1988 (1988-01-22) –
December 1, 1991 (1991-12-01)
Related
The Book of Pooh
My Friends Tigger & Pooh

checkYThe New Adventures of Winnie the Pooh is an American animated television series produced by Walt Disney Television Animation. Based on the classic Winnie-the-Pooh books by author A. A. Milne, the show was the first time a major Disney character headlined an animated, made-for-television series. The cartoon premiered with a limited run on The Disney Channel on January 17, 1988. Nine months later the show moved to ABC as part of their Saturday morning lineup. New episodes continued until October 26, 1991. Proving very popular with children and older fans, it remained on television in the United States for nearly two decades.

☒NThe series depicts the everyday lives of Christopher Robin and his companions Pooh, Piglet, Rabbit, Tigger, Eeyore, Owl and Gopher. Rather than a straight-forward adaptation, the show was more Americanized than previous Pooh efforts. Episodes dealt with strong messages about honesty, responsibility, persistence, cooperative effort, friendship and caring. Many stories are designed to help young children distinguish between fantasy and reality and overcome common childhood fears. The show had very high production values.

checkYPublications ranging from The Los Angeles Times to TV Guide gave the series extremely positive reviews for its resemblance to the earlier Disney efforts and its high production quality. The show was also praised for its wholesome tradition.[1] The show won back-to-back Daytime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Animated Program as well as two Humanitas Prizes. The show was well-received by both children and their parents.[2] Most of the viewer mail the crew received was from parents thanking the staff for producing a show that they can watch with their children.[3] The show is credited with bringing about a resurgence of Pooh animated offerings, including a series of TV and video specials[4]

History

Origin

☒NWinnie the Pooh was a character originally created by British author A.A. Milne in the 1920s. The character was named from a teddy bear owned by his son, Christopher Robin Milne. He had named his toy bear after Winnie, a Canadian black bear he often saw at London Zoo, and "Pooh", a swan they had met while on holiday. Drawing from this and other toys owned by his son, Milne created the world of Winnie-the-Pooh. He first appeared by name on December 24, 1925, in a Christmas story commissioned and published by the London Evening News.[5] The following year, a collection of Pooh stories was formally released bearing the name Winnie-the-Pooh. The stories proved very popular and inspired a sequel.

checkYThe idea for a television series was first discussed in 1957. NBC suggested Jay Ward undertake the pilot then titled The World of Winnie the Pooh, with an option for thirty-nine episodes. Some songs and bits of dialogue were recorded, but the project was ultimately abandoned.[6] In 1961, Walt Disney bought the rights to make an animated movie starring the characters. He subsequently produced a series of three short featurettes throughout the late 1960s and earlier 1970s, beginning with Winnie the Pooh and the Honey Tree.[7][8] Disney had also aired a variety show with the characters that used electronically controlled puppetry and life-sized costume called Welcome to Pooh Corner.[9][10] This became the highest rated program on the Disney Channel.[11] Throughout the late 1980s, sales of Winnie the Pooh merchandise soared with the newfound popularity of the character.[3][12][13]

Development

Production took place at the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences complex

checkYAn animated cartoon starring the characters was first proposed by Walt Disney Television Animation Vice President Gary Krisel during a Disney retreat, in which company assets and future prospects were examined. Rich Frank later recalled him saying: "I think Pooh is a great character for Saturday morning animation". He believed the merchandising license, held at that time by Sears, would work as a great promotional tool.[14] Mark Zaslove was contacted to write the series bible, who had recently finished work on the DuckTales pilot episode. The document was written over Memorial Day weekend 1987, as Zaslove only had three days to complete the proposal. The pitch was well-received and then green-lit by Disney.[15]

checkYInstead of shopping the show around to other networks, the show was pitched directly to ABC. The channel had desperately wanted a cartoon from Disney for their Satuday morning schedule, which had fallen to last place in ratings. They had hoped Pooh could boost ratings for the channel.[8] Two years earlier, Micheal Eisner and Krisel had set up meetings with all three major networks in hopes to sell rights to their two cartoon series: Adventures of the Gummi Bears and The Wuzzles. NBC and CBS had purchased Gummi Bears and Wuzzles, respectively. Realizing they had nothing left to offer ABC, Eisner and Krisel met with them anyway and received a warm response to the gaffe.[16] A deal was reached giving ABC the show, while giving first run rights to The Disney Channel.

checkYThe show was official announced via a press release on November 15, 1987.[17] It would mark the first time a classic Disney character was seen on Saturday morning television.[a][18] The series was seen as a gamble with people not knowing if Pooh would survive on the new medium.[19] At the time, Saturday morning cartoons were viewed as a place with dry, repetitive storylines, shallow characters, cliched narratives, and cheap animation.[20][21] As a result, animation fans greeted Disney's plans to adapt A. A. Milne's childhood favorite to the small screen with a mixture of skepticism and dismay, fearing Disney could not top the original featurettes.[22]

Production

Further information: Walt Disney Television Animation

checkYABC eagerly commissioned 25 half-hour episodes of The New Adventures of Winnie the Pooh for its first reason, rather than the standard 13 to 17.[23] Karl Geurs, a self-described Pooh fan, developed the series,[24] which took many months.[25] At the time, Walt Disney Television Animation had only 80 employees and two projects in production.[26] The department did not yet have in-house facilities built,[20] so employees worked out of the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences building.[15] Disney put the same high standards of expectation that they had with their feature films.[27] They had hoped to set a new standard of excellence in Saturday morning television, one with "storytelling rich in language and values, as well as delightful well acted characters" that would appeal to audiences of all ages.[18][3]

checkYWe've been well-trained in being really careful about how the characters are being handled, and a lot of effort goes into the writing, just to guarantee that it’s true to the original sense of Milne. Since he was writing for a different era, compromises have to be made, and we’ve always been very concerned about that

— Ken Kessel, Tribune Media Services[3]

checkYThe writing process began with story premises being pitched to Zaslove, who served as story editor for the first season. The best ones were selected and sent to ABC executives for approval, followed by story outlines and scripts. The process took around four weeks per episode.[15] The crew were "dyed-in-the-wool" fan of Milne's works,[21] constantly checking their work against published Pooh books in order to stay true to the original sense of Milne. Special attention was given to maintain the personalities of the characters as they had originally been written.[3] The cartoon attempted to have the right balance of both action-adventure sequences and moments of whimsy.[18] The staff often found trouble working with the limited cast, with supervising director Ken Kessel quoted as saying: "You are restrained by what the characters can do and who they are".[3] The writing staff hoped to channel the spirit of the Walt Disney shorts of the 1940s, drawing inspiration from artists Jack Hannah, Ward Kimball, and Jack and Dick Kinney.[21]

☒NA consulting company based in Glendale, California advised the team on how the characters should speak, act and look in order to better appeal to the target demographic.[28] The series had one internal standards director.[29] Care was made to ensure there was no imitatable behavior. A source of friction on the show was whether Gopher was allowed to have gunpowder[30]

checkYLike most other cartoons, the animation was outsourced to other countries. This mainly done for cost purposes and the limited availability of artists in the United States. All the writing, music, direction, character design, and color was worked by around thirty Disney employees in Hollywood. After this, everything was sent overseas for the animation. Approximately 300 employees would work on inking and printing.[8] An unusually high number of animation cels were used for the show, with 20000 cels in each episode as opposed to 8000-12000 for typical cartoons.[18] The show had more drawings per minute than any other TV cartoon at the time.[31][18] Early episodes were completed by TMS Entertainment in Taiwan and later by Walt Disney Animation UK Ltd, Hanho Heung-Up[23] and Wang Film Productions.[32] Sixteen episodes were also produced by Walt Disney Television Australia.[33] The show set a benchmark for similar cartoons that both Disney as well as other channels expected for future shows.[20][34]

checkYAfter the animation was completed, the production reels were sent back to the United States where music and sound effects were added.[8] The show's theme song, entitled Pooh Bear, was written by Steve Nelson and sung by Steve Wood.[35] A version with Nelson doing the vocals later appeared on his Listen What the Katmandu album.[36] Nelson also composed several additional songs that were shown on the early episodes.[23] The music was particularly praised by critics.[37] The show's underscore was composed by Thom Sharp.[38] An orchestra was used to record the music, using instruments such as trumpets and woodwinds.[39] The composers were given the unique opportunity to examine the animator's exposure sheets, enabling them to write music while an episode was being scripted.[18]

checkYThe producers actively sought out the original voice cast which had been used in the 1960s featurettes. Sterling Holloway, the original voice of Winnie the Pooh, read for the part, but had aged to the point where he could no longer do the voice successfully.[15] A casting call was held and Jim Cummings was selected as his replacement, a role he has continued with to the present day.[40] John Fiedler and Hal Smith, the original voices for Piglet and Owl respectively, returned for the series. Paul Winchell also reprised his role as Tigger. On advice from his cardiologist, Winchell mostly avoided working with the rest of the cast. The studio let him do his voices alone.[41] At the time, Winchell was making various trips to Africa to do research on the artificial heart.[42] Cummings often filled in for Winchell during these.[43] In the show's third season, Cummings permanently took over the role of Tigger.[b][44] Most of the sessions occurred at B&B Sound in Burbank, California. Newer technology allowed for the actors to record their roles without having to be in the same room. For example, Fiedler always did his recordings from New York[45] and Winchell was able to do some from Florida.[41]

Promotion

File:Winnie the Pooh Costume.jpg
☒NCostumes such as the one shown above, were part of a ABC tour to promote the Saturday morning lineup[46]

checkYComing into the 1988-89 television season, networks had been struggling with a drop in ratings among children. ABC itself experienced a decline of 37 percent in kids under the age of 6.[47] It had been surmised by ABC executives that this was due to a change in the way Nielsen ratings were collected.[8] The data had historically been recorded automatically by a device inside household television sets. However this had been changed the year before; children now had to use people meters for their viewership to be counted. This required manually pushing buttons that would clock kids in and out and programs, something they often had trouble successfully completing.[48][47] What resulted was a demographic that could not be guaranteed to advertisers.[49]

checkYIn order to combat this, ABC decided to fill their programming with "old favorites".[50] The studio began to develop and retool classic characters and shows, ones that they hoped could attract older children and their parents into watching the program.[51] Winnie the Pooh became the centerpiece in this plan, with the show was described as the highlight of ABC's Saturday morning schedule.[50] The character had what network executives call "marquee value"—meaning they are familiar and already have a built-in audience.[52] Squire Rushnell, Children's Vice President for ABC, was hoping Pooh could draw a "somewhat more sophisticated" audience in the range of 6 to 11.[8]

checkYIn the three weeks leading up to its debut, ABC began airing promotionals for the cartoon during prime-time hours.[51] This was seen as a very unusual occurrence.[49] Part of the reason this was done was to fill airtime, as the 1988 Writers Guild of America strike had caused production to be halted on prime time television shows.[53] Advertisements for The New Adventures of Winnie the Pooh were played during adult shows such as thirtysomething and Moonlighting using the tag line "Now you can share your childhood heroes with your children".[8] A television commercial that aired during the ABC Sunday Night Movie on September 4, 1988 used the tagline "before taxes. before puberty. there was childhood. and Winnie the Pooh".[54][51]

checkYThe evening before the show made its broadcast debut, ABC aired a thirty-minute Saturday Morning preview show featuring Winnie the Pooh and other debuting cartoons: The New Adventures of Beany and Cecil and A Pup Named Scooby Doo.[55] The show placed second in its time-slot with a 7.3 Nielsen rating.[56]

checkYSears & Roebuck and Honey Nut Cheerios partnered to host a nationwide premiere party to celebrate the series coming to ABC. Over 300 Sears stores across the country participated in the breakfast, which doubled as a charity event. The first episode was telecast on in-store video displays. More than 40,000 children attended the event.[57] Some stores had Winnie the Pooh characters show up in costume.[58][59] Sears also dedicated eight pages of their Christmas catalog towards the series.[60]

Broadcast history

checkYDuring the 1980s, a debate emerged inside the Disney corporation about whether original programs should be aired on the Disney Channel or outsourced to other channels. Some executives felt there was nothing more important than the Disney Channel.[14] Others such as Gary Krisel disagreed, feeling they risked losing a generation of TV viewers who did not have cable.[16] In the end, a compromise was reached with Disney Channel President John F. Cooke, who agreed to "pay" Krisel's division a certain price if he could get first run rights.[14] The show premiered on the Disney Channel on January 17th, 1988. Thirteen episodes aired at 8:30am on weekends.[61] The show's run ended that July.[62]

checkYThe show then moved to Saturday morning where it aired for a full hour from 8:30am to 9:30am. For the second season, the show was cut back to 30 minutes to make room for new entries. The show was merged with Adventures of the Gummi Bears and aired as part of the Gummi Bears-Winnie the Pooh Hour.[63] This partnership was short lived and lasted only one year, when Gummi Bears moved to daily syndication. Winnie the Pooh returned as a solo effort the following year.[23][64][65] New episodes intermixed with reruns returned for a third season in the fall of 1990[23] During this time two of the show's characters—Winnie the Pooh and Tigger—were incorporated into Cartoon All Stars to the Rescue.[66] The show returned for a fourth season on September 7, 1991.[67] The show was not renewed the following year. After the series ended, the crew produced "Winnie the Pooh and Christmas Too", a primetime spin-off of the show.[68]

checkYDespite production ending the year before, reruns of the show returned to the ABC fall schedule for the 1992-1993 season.[69] By the following year, the show was dropped by ABC and sold in syndication.[70] Executives felt the show could make more money selling directly to television stations rather than accepting ABC's license fee.[71] The show later returned on October 28, 1995 when reruns of the program replaced The New Adventures of Madeline,[72] but the show left for the 1996-1997 season.[73] The show then returned January 4, 1997 and continued until 2002.[74]

☒NThe Disney Channel began reruns of the series on October 3, 1994[75] and continued until September of 2006, to make way for a new series, My Friends Tigger & Pooh.[43]. It was also shown on Toon Disney, first airing April 18, 1998.[76] Internationally, the show has aired on the Family Channel in Canada,[77] India,[78] and Poland[79]

Season Episodes TV season Time slot (ET) Originally aired
Season premiere Season finale
☒N1 25[23] 1988-89 8:30 AM - 9:30 AM January 17, 1988 (1988-01-17) March 4, 1989 (1989-03-04)
2 10 1989-90 9:00 AM - 9:30 AM September 9, 1989 (1989-09-09) December 2, 1989 (1989-12-02)
3 10 1990-91 8:00 AM - 8:30 AM August 18, 1990 (1990-08-18) November 10, 1990 (1990-11-10)
4 8 1991-92 September 7, 1991 (1991-09-07) October 26, 1991 (1991-10-26)

Characters

Main article: List of Winnie the Pooh characters
checkYFrom left to right: Owl, Pooh, Tigger, Piglet, Roo, Eeyore, and Rabbit
  • ☒NWinnie the Pooh (Jim Cummings) is the main character. He is a very lovable character who is always good-natured. Very naive and "bear of very little brain". Cummings called the program timeless[80]
  • ☒NPiglet (John Fiedler) is Pooh's best friend. He is shy, very kindhearted and is obsessed with keeping things neat and tidy, and enjoys beautiful things like flowers. His fears and nervousness often hinder his life, as he runs and hides when unnecessary and often stutters when nervous, but has been shown to have a lot of hidden courage and often faces danger to help others. He sometimes has an inferiority complex, although his friends think highly of him. Episodes about him tend to revolve around these traits as well as his small size. Fellow actor Jim Cummings described his voice as "kind of like the wind blowing through tall grass. It sounded homey, and it sounding comforting"[81] Fiedler was very proud of his work on the show and enjoyed the role just as much as when he started in 1968[82]
  • ☒NTigger (Paul Winchell, Jim Cummings) is an ebullient tiger. Tigger is always filled with great energy and optimism, and though always well-meaning, he can also be mischievous, and his actions have sometimes led to chaos and trouble for himself and his friends. He is very confident and has quite an ego, having a high opinion of himself. He has a notable habit of mispronouncing various words, or stressing wrong syllables in them. Unlike previous adaptations, Tigger is shown living in a large treehouse. Winchell thought of him as a cross between the Dead End Kids and the Cowardly Lion.[83] Tigger was voiced by Winchell for the first 33 episodes and by Jim Cummings for the later seasons[84] When Cummings took over the role, Winchell said "Take care of my little friend for me"[83]
  • ☒NRabbit (Ken Sansom) is finicky rabbit. In addition to wanting to be organized and practical, Rabbit's tendency to take charge is inflated to the extent that he becomes a control freak who insists on doing things exactly right, in his way and in the proper order. He keeps a garden and does whatever he can to protect it from other animals such as bugs and crows and he gets upset when anyone or anything tries to steal his vegetables. He and Tigger are usually foils for each other, reluctantly working together. He was shown as green in the series, compared to yellow in later efforts[85] Ken Sansom described voicing Rabbit as the best experience he's had.[45]
  • ☒NGopher (Michael Gough) plays a more prominent role in this series. He is shown to be a bit of a workaholic, and is obsessed with dynamite and digging in his tunnels. He speaks in a Southern accent and wears a helmet with a light attached. He often helps the others out with construction plans. Michael Gough described his character as one of his favorites. He won the role at an audition when Howard Morris, the original actor, retired[86]
  • ☒NEeyore (Peter Cullen) is a gloomy donkey. He is somewhat less caustic and sarcastic in this version than in the original stories. Despite his depressive nature, Eeyore is capable of great compassion. He usually expects misfortune to happen to him, such as his house of sticks to be knocked down regularly, but accepts it when it does.
  • ☒NOwl (Hal Smith) is the eldest character in the series. He presents himself as a mentor and teacher to the others, but is really quite scatterbrained. He enjoys telling stories about his distant relatives, whenever something reminds him of one, but many of his stories are pointless or absurd. He speaks with a strong Southern English accent.
  • ☒NRoo (Nicholas Melody) is a baby joey. He wears a light blue shirt. The smallest of the characters, Roo frequently is seen hanging around Tigger.
  • ☒NKanga (Patricia Parris) is Roo's mother. She rarely appears, but is shown to be kind-hearted and calm.
  • ☒NChristopher Robin (Tim Hoskins) is an 5 year old child that has adventures with the stuffed animals Christopher Robin wasn't working[This quote needs a citation]

checkYFor the most part, the show used a limited cast consisting only of characters in the original Milne books.[3] However, several minor characters did make appearances. Christopher Robin's mother (voiced by Patricia Parris) is shown occasionally, but always with her face obscured.[87] Kessie, a bluebird that Rabbit rescues, makes her first appearance in this series; she would later appear in The Book of Pooh.[88] Stan Woozle and Heff Heffalump appear as a pair of honey thieves. This marked the first time heffalumps and woozles were seen on-screen.[27] Prior to this, they had always been portrayed as creatures that did not exist and were representative of childhood fears.[89] Instead, the show used other unseen villains such as Jagulars[63] and the "Grabme Gotcha". [90] A father and son heffalump also appeared from time to time.[91] Other characters on the show include Owl's cousin Dexter (voiced by Hal Smith) and Skippy the Sheepdog.[43] Chuck McCann provided additional voices as well.[92]

Setting

☒NA production still from Balloonatics depicting Winnie the Pooh floating with a balloon. Christopher Robin's backyard is shown, visibly different from previous adaptations.

☒NFor this adaption, the show became more Americanized than in the Milne books. The setting was changed from native England to contemporary America.[8] The series depicted Christopher Robin as a typical 1980s kid rather than a 1920s British child. He is shown living in a suburban house with his mother and no longer had an English accent.[93] His mischievous imagination drew comparisons to Calvin from Calvin and Hobbes as opposed to Milne's original interpretation.[22] Additionally, unlike the earlier Disney featurettes, the show did not use a narrator or the storybook theme.[22]

☒NThe writers made a point of keeping the show as timeless as possible, having the Hundred Acre Wood become a "never, never land". The show did its best to leave out all the modern conveniences.[21] The approach to episodes was to put more emphasis on adventure, yet keep the integrity of Milne's characters. [8] To add excitement, the occasional waterfall or cliff was added.[94] which the show found tough to fit in these.[21] The dialogue was updated to make the show more relatable to today's generation.[95]

☒NAlthough the show still used the Hundred Acre Wood as its main setting, several episodes took place in other locations. The characters occasionally traveled to the adjacent town, going to a grocery store or movie theater.[93] Other episodes were set in Cloud World, Wishland, and in the Wild West, in the form of a play.[96] These styles of episodes were done away with later on.[94] The writing staff felt they worked best in the Hundred Acre Wood.[3]

Themes and analysis

checkYThe show was a conceived as a comedy of manners and was hailed as a rare cartoon devoid of any violence or villains.[94][84] The show's main theme revolved around the complications and misunderstandings that often arose between the characters and their eventual return to normalcy.[3] For instance, one episode dealt with Pooh believing Rabbit was moving away after hearing he had "eaten him out of house and [honey]".[63] Special attention was paid to write from a child's point of view, rather than an adult's. For this, the writers drew inspiration from Bill Cosby, Gahan Wilson, and The Phantom Tollbooth.[15] Additionally, the staff was also very conscious of their older viewers—dubbed "older kids"—and would always aim for a sensibility that would appeal to them as well. Kessel noted that while the show often had writing that would go over the heads of little kids, the original Milne books did as well.[3]

checkYUnlike previous adaptations of Winnie the Pooh, the stories were not based on chapters from A.A. Milne's books. The writers made a point of not copying from Milne, but instead drawing the essence of him for the modern day; keeping the same charm and style as the original stories.[97] The episodes have very little action in terms of plot, which in later years has drawn comparisons to Seinfeld.[98] The main storylines typically derived from the characters and their relationships to each other.[99] Episode plots ranged from the simple, such as Winnie the Pooh searching for honey (stylized as hunny), to the more dramatic, such as Christopher Robin becoming trapped under his bed.[21] Some episodes spoofed published works of fiction including Frankenstein,[100] Sherlock Holmes,[101] Zorro,[102] and The Three Little Pigs[103]

☒NThe psychology of the characters were something that was paid special attention to. In reality, Christopher Robin would be sitting with his stuffed animals, while the fantasy world, which was what was shown on screen, would show Pooh talking. Everything was derived from a child's imagination. According to the series bible, his backyard is the Hundred Acre Wood.

☒NEpisodes focused on socioemotional issues,[104] dealing with topics such as teamwork, resourcefulness, how to triumph over challenges, the power of positive outlook, and the value of friendship.[105] The series delivered strong messages about honesty, responsibility, persistence, cooperative effort, friendship and caring. The morals taught in each story allow children to draw parallels to their own lives.[27] These were offered in a far more subtle manner than the "prosocial snippets" seen on other programs.[23] Many stories are designed to help young children distinguish between fantasy and reality and overcome common childhood fears.[106] Innumerable children's-expert panels continued throughout its lengthy network run to highly commend and recommend the series to the three-to-ten-year-old crowd, even growing tolerant enough to be amused by the "hunny/honey" spelling controversy.[23]

Reception

Critical reviews

Only a few program even approach the quality of ABC's four-season-old New Adventures of Winnie the Pooh, the most artfully written and drawn kids' series on the air.

Noel Holston, The Pittsburgh Press[107]

checkYInitial reviews of The New Adventure of Winnie the Pooh were overwhelmingly positive, with critics praising the production values and solid writing. Later reviews have drawn more comparisons to the earlier Disney featurettes.

☒NThe Los Angeles Times called the show "the best made-for-TV cartoon show in several seasons".[22] Months later, the newspaper claimed it as "not only the classiest new show of the season, but also one of the best-looking series ever animated for television".[108] and gave an similarly good review the next year.[109] The Atlanta Journal Constitution said it "contained much more detailed and lively animation than the usual kidvid".[110] TV Guide said the show had "theatrical-grade animation, sprightly stories, conscientious eschewing of laugh tracks and best of all, the willingness to let the visual jokes speak for themselves".[111] Entertainment Weekly gave the show an "A" saying "there's enough excitement, including lots of slapstick and bad guys, to keep '90s adventurers happy".[93] The New York Times called the show "lovingly faithful" to the original Milne books.[112] USA Today called the show a "horizon-broadener" for children who aren't exposed to the classics and "adds to familitarity" for those who are.[113] Lee Winfrey of Knight-Ridder Newspapers says the writers successfully maintained the integrity of Milnes's characters and praised the animator's for Ernest H. Shepard's illustrations.[8] The Milwaukee Journal said the show will "offer children and probably their parents, a gentle walk through Pooh Corner".[31] Gene Seymour of Knight Rider called the best animation on weekly television outside of the General Mills Commercials.[114] The Dayton Daily News called the program one of the best on television writing "The animation of this offering from the Disney's studios is not as sumptuous as the company's feature films, but it is miles above the television norm".[115] Charles Witback praised the show claiming that "Milne [came] out on top " and they remain unique to the flashy, noisy Hollywood[21] The San Bernardino Sun wrote "if kids like the verbal wit of the other shows, they'll tackle the rich sophistication of Winnie the Pooh"[97]

checkYGood Housekeeping wrote that the show was "sweet and endearing, though its educational value is essentially limited to a kid-tailored 'I'm okay, you're okay' theme".[116] Common Sense Media gave the show 4 stars, saying "the lessons are just as classic and time-tested as the characters".[95] Hal Erickson writing in his book "Television Cartoon Shows" called the show a delightful eye of calm in "the hurricane of hectic Saturday morning slapstick".[23] DVDizzy.com praised the show calling it "true both to the spirit of Milne's creation and the animation of Disney's terrific short films".[117] DVDVerdict.com called the show "perfectly respectable imitations that still rank as stellar, sweet-natured children's entertainment", going on to write "Kids should enjoy this stuff and adults should feel comfortable leaving their young ones in the care of this of this good-hearted programming for an hour".[118] AnimatedViews called the show "a well-remembered if not exceptional series that slotted into the kind of programming that filled the Disney Afternoons."[4] David Perlmutter in his book America Toons In called the longevity of the show "a testament to the enduring appeal of the beloved characters".[20] The Laser Disc Newsletter wrote the show is "highly imaginative, featuring lovely artwork and a number of creative touches".[119] Using Children's Literature in Preschool said that "the show brings alive the humor and excitement of the original books"[120]

checkYNot all reviews have been positive. Evan Levine writing for the Philadelphia Daily News gave the program a mixed review, saying "the characters are all true to form, but the colors are overly bright, and the whole look is harsh" but adding "this series is certainly better than a lot of other cartoons that we've seen".[121] Jan Crain Rudeen writing for the Scripps Howard News Service described the series and the resulting video releases as "awful", which he felt lacked imagination and a harder edge.[122] The Washington Post described the series as "cheaply sweetened fare".[123] One particular episode has been a source of controversy. "Sorry Wrong Slusher", in which the characters stay up late, order pizza, and watch a late night slusher film, has been called violent.[124] The Baltimore Sun made particular note of this episode as "sacrilege", writing that the modernization goes against the A. A. Milne stories.[125]

Ratings

checkYThe network television premiere on Saturday, September 10, 1988 was hailed as an immediate success.[63] The show won its time-slot with 5.9/23 Nielsen ratings share, translating to 5.7 million viewers. ABC, who had been in third place for Saturday morning the year prior, won every time-slot averaging a 5.0 rating/20 share.[133] This trend continued for the next three weeks.[c] Selby Hall, Marketing Manager for ABC, was quoted as saying "[the show had] been very successful on Saturday mornings in the States". The high ratings caused an extra push behind the international airings of the program.[134] Throughout the season, the show continued to receive "solid" ratings. The show ranked 10th place out of all Saturday morning cartoons for the season.[135]

checkYDuring the 1989-90 television schedule, the series was paired with Adventures of the Gummi Bears.[d] The show once again won its time-slot, but fell one rating point from the previous year's debut.[136] The show repeated this the next week, but was beaten by Captain N: The Game Master the next two weeks.[137][c]

☒NBy 1993, the show had fallen in the ratings. Finishing 27th out of the 36 Saturday morning programs, the show averaged a 2.1/9 Nielsen rating share.[138] The show cont got a 3.3 Nielsen rating in mid February 1993 cooresponding to 3.2 million viewers.[139] In 1997, MediaWeek ranked it 301st out of every broadcast show.[140] By the late 1990s, the show was one of the top five Saturday morning cartoons.[141] It had a (2.5/11) market share in Boys 2-11 and a (2.2/11) market share in boys 6-11.[142]

Awards

checkYFor its debut season the show won a Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Animated Program. During his acceptance speech, Mark Zaslove praised the actors and animators for their dedication to the series and specifically thanked Jymn Magon and Karl Geurs for the humanity they brought to the program.[143] The following year the series was awarded the same honor, this time in a tie with Beetlejuice. The show was awarded the first of two Humanitas Prizes during its first season for "[examining] the need to both hold onto and let go of love".[144] Three years later, the show would pick up its second prize for its dramatization "of the struggle to assume responsibility and live with the consequences of your mistakes".[145] The show also received a commemoration from the Action for Children's Television with President Peggy Charren calling the show "an imaginative extension of the Pooh stories...preserving the essence of the original characters".[146]

checkYThe show was cited in the Children's Television Act of 1990 as an example of a positive educational program.[147] The show received a special salute during the opening session of the Congressional Club in 1988. Joan Lunden, co-host of Good Morning America, hosted the opening session which included United States Congressional and Cabinet wives as well as their children and grandchildren.[148] WatchMojo.com ranked the series #9 in their "Top Disney Animated TV Series" list, saying "By telling stories that dealt with friendship, fear, self-esteem and more, Disney brought the characters of A.A. Milne’s beloved books to life".[149] BuzzFeed ranked the theme song #3 in their list of "7 Cartoon Theme Songs Guaranteed to Earworm You"[150]

☒NAwards and nominations for The New Adventures of Winnie the Pooh
Date Award Category Nominee(s) Result
1988 CableACE Award Children's Entertainment Series or Special, 8 and Younger[151] Won
Parents' Choice Awards Silver Seal Award[152] Won
1989 Golden Reel Awards Sound Effects Mixing[153] "Paw & Order" Nominated
"The Masked Offender" Nominated
Young Artist Awards Best Young Actor Voice-Over Role[154] Tim Hoskins Nominated
Action for Children's Television Commercial Broadcast Award[155] Won
Daytime Emmy Awards Outstanding Animated Program Won
Humanitas Prize Children's Animation[156] Doug Hutchinson, Larry Bernard and Mark Zaslove
for "Find Her, Keep Her" 		Won
Parents Choice Awards Gold Seal Award[152] Won
1990 Daytime Emmy Awards Outstanding Animated Program "My Hero / Owl Feathers" Won
Parents Choice Awards Gold Seal Award[157] Won
1991 Daytime Emmy Awards Outstanding Film Sound Editing Nominated
Golden Reel Awards Outstanding Achievement "The Good, The Bad, and The Tigger" Nominated
1992 Daytime Emmy Awards Outstanding Animated Program Nominated
Outstanding Film Sound Editing Nominated
Humanitas Prize Children's Animation[158] Bruce Reid Schaefer
for "Home Is Where The Home Is" 		Won

Home video releases

This logo was used for all Pooh products; it was redesigned because the old logo was inadvertently "sending negative messages"[159]

checkYAlthough Disney has never released the complete series on home video, there have been numerous video collections released over the years.[117][160] The first was a collection of 10 videocassette tapes issued by Walt Disney Home Video.[93] Each VHS contained between three to four episodes, with the first three tapes released in 1990.[161] This was followed by an additional three the next year[162] and four more in 1992.[163] Due to a twenty-five year license agreement on Pooh merchandise, these videotapes were released only in Sears. Sales were very poor, despite a solid consumer base.[159]

checkYEric Schulz, Vice President of Marketing at Disney, recalled an incident one Friday afternoon at Kmart where parents were shopping: "We noticed that no Winnie the Pooh characters were available. Several consumers were asking the store clerks if the Poohs were sold out". Schulz and his team discovered there were no plush toys available at Kmart, due to the licensing. They also discovered that this license was expiring in just a few months and would not be renewed. That afternoon the marketing team returned to the office and began to plan new ideas to sell Winnie the Pooh videos.[159]

☒NIn 1994, on the day that the Sears license expired, a nationwide Pooh video and plush promotion was launched.Cite error: The <ref> tag name cannot be a simple integer (see the help page). Videos were packaged with Pooh plush characters together in a single box.[159] Disney proclaimed 1994, "The Year of Pooh"[164] which coincided with the 70th anniversary of Winnie the Pooh. In lieu of traditional press kit, Disney sent out a Winnie the Pooh cookie jar to the press outlets, a decision which received overwhelmingly positive reaction. The Today Show proudly displayed its Pooh cookie jar on TV while the hosts talked about the new video releases.[159]

checkYTwo collections of complication tapes called Pooh Playtime and Pooh Learning were released with three videotapes encompassing each set.[165] The videos featured between two to four episodes of The New Adventures of Winnie the Pooh and featured new songs written by Dave Kinnoin.[166] Sales were very high, with numerous videos turned up on the Video Bestseller List. In just three weeks, Disney had sold twenty times more Winnie the Pooh videos than they had in the previous twelve months. By 1995, Pooh videos sold over thirty times what they had sold the year before, despite the fact that Disney had only repackaged existing products.[159] Because of their success, two additional videos were added to each collection. A third collection entitled Pooh Friendship was released in 1997, bringing the three collections to fifteen videos between them.[167]

checkYThe show first appeared on DVD in the United Kingdom. Under the title The Magical World of Winnie the Pooh, eight volumes were released consisting of four episodes apiece. The first five volumes of this series later appeared in the United States under the name Growing Up with Winnie the Pooh. Appearing in February 2005, the releases were made to coincide with the premiere of Pooh's Heffalump Movie.[168] These episodes did not include the original opening credits, but instead had new sequences specifically made for the discs.[117] Episodes of the show have also been released as part of the "special features" in the DVD releases of Winnie the Pooh movies, such as The Tigger Movie[169] and Winnie the Pooh: Springtime with Roo.[170]

Impact and legacy

☒NThe series helped spawn a successful Winnie the Pooh media franchise, which grew into a series of made-for-TV holiday specials, two additional television series, and four theatrically released movies. Many of the cast members continued to work with these Winnie the Pooh adaptations. Jim Cummings continues to voice Winnie the Pooh and Tigger in the present day. Paul Winchell briefly reprised his role as Tigger in Pooh's Grand Adventure.[24] John Fiedler voiced Piglet until his death in 2005.[82] Ken Sansom and Peter Cullen continued voicing their characters until 2010. Much of the writers and directors returned for Pooh's Grand Adventure and The Book of Pooh. Bruce Talkington has since written many children's books based on Winnie the Pooh.[171]

checkYThe show was one of the last times Winnie the Pooh was designed and marketed for audiences of all ages.[172] In the years following the series, Walt Disney Home Video began to reposition their strategy and marketed the television series, and Winnie the Pooh in general, towards younger age groups, despite critics claiming the show can be enjoyed by members of all ages.[22][31][173] In later years, the show has been touted as strictly for preschoolers.[174][175] DVDizzy summarized the idea saying "Even though Milne's books had won over readers of all ages and even though kids weren't buying movie tickets and merchandise, Disney seemed set on the idea that Pooh was strictly for little ones, those not even old enough to attend school".[176]

checkY The program caused a resurgence of popularity of Winnie the Pooh that continues to this day, to the point of the character being Disney's second largest franchise.[4] Following the home video releases, Disney's annual revenue from Winnie the Pooh rose from $100 million to more than $1 billion in just four years.Cite error: The <ref> tag name cannot be a simple integer (see the help page). Winnie the Pooh is now the most successful Disney character, surpassing Mickey Mouse.[177] As of 2012, it is the third most popular franchise in the United States.[178]

References

Notes

a. ^ Scrooge McDuck had previously been adapted for DuckTales the year before, but was not considered to be one of the main Disney characters[50]
b. ^ Jim Cummings voiced Tigger during Season 1's "King of the Beasties" and later during Season 3's "Eeyi Eeyi Eeyore"
c. ^ Ratings are notoriously tricky to obtain for children's programming and not guaranteed to be accurate. Because of this, very few sources publish Saturday morning ratings outside of premiere dates.[179]
d. ^ Despite the fact that the two programs were technically considered a single show, ratings were not reportedly uniformly.

Citations

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