Godzilla

For the Japanese film series see Godzilla (film series).

For the 1998 film, see Godzilla (1998 film)

For the 1977 song, see Blue Öyster Cult

File:Godzilla.jpg

Godzilla , as portrayed during the late Heisei era (Godzilla vs. SpaceGodzilla, 1994)

Godzilla (ゴジラ, Gojira) is a fictional kaiju featured in Japanese films. He was first seen in the 1954 film Gojira, produced by Toho Film Company Ltd. To date, Toho has produced 28 Godzilla films. In 1998, TriStar Pictures produced a modern film, set in contemporary New York City.

Godzilla is one of the defining aspects of Japanese popular culture for many Americans. Though his popularity has waned slightly over the years, he is still one of the most popular kaiju in the world. To this day, Godzilla remains an important facet of Japanese films, embodying the "giant monster" subset of the tokusatsu genre.

In the Japanese films, Godzilla is depicted as a gigantic, charcoal-colored reptile whose iconic design includes small pointed ears, rough bumpy scales, a powerful tail, and bony colored dorsal fins shaped like maple leaves. His origins vary somewhat from film to film, but he is almost always described as prehistoric, and his first attacks on Japan are linked to atomic testing in the Pacific Ocean. In particular, nuclear mutation is presented as being an explanation for his great size and strange powers.

Original spirit

For many Americans the name "Godzilla" is popularly associated with poor special effects, men in rubber suits, poor dubbing and monster fights. This stereotype, based on heavily re-edited American releases, and later, less serious entries in the series, ignores the message behind the original film. The original Godzilla film was meant as an allegorical criticism of the use of nuclear warfare at the end of World War II. Ishiro Honda's witnessing of the devastation of Hiroshima and Nagasaki was the primary inspiration for the anti-nuclear message behind the original Godzilla film. [1]

The original film was not seen in the US in its original form until 2004 when Rialto Pictures distributed it to art theaters in an uncut, undubbed, uncensored, English-subtitled presentation. Before this, the only domestically licensed version of the film available to Americans was the edited 1956 adaptation, Godzilla, King of the Monsters!. In this version, most of the key anti-nuclear messages had been softened or removed, and the rhetoric was completely changed, probably due to the fact that the original Japanese film referred to a 1954 incident concerning the Japanese fisherboat "Fukuryu Maru" (Lucky Dragon):

"…in March 1954, the United States exploded a fifteen-megaton H-bomb that unexpectedly sent substantial fallout across a seven-thousand-square-mile area. Twenty-eight military personnel and 239 Marshall Islanders at a presumably 'safe' distance were exposed to high radiation. The United States attempted to downplay the incident until it was discovered that a Japanese tuna boat, the Fukuryû Maru or 'Lucky Dragon,' had also been hit by fallout. The entire crew developed radiation sickness, and one member soon died."

Name

The name "Godzilla" is a combination of two Japanese words: kujira (鯨, くじら) 'whale' and gorira (ゴリラ) 'gorilla'. The word alludes to the size, power and also aquatic origin of Godzilla.

Incarnations

1954 film

File:Godzilla (1954, Extras).jpg

Godzilla as seen in the 1954 film

The original Godzilla in Godzilla or Godzilla, King of the Monsters! was a prehistoric monster 50 meters tall and weighting 20,000 metric tons that was disturbed by American atom bomb testing in the Pacific Ocean. After attacking Tokyo, destroying much of the city and killing tens of thousands, Godzilla was defeated when the scientist Serizawa (Akihiko Hirata) sacrificed himself to use an experimental weapon, the Oxygen Destroyer, which dissolved Godzilla’s flesh from his bones. It was stated at the end of the film that it was doubtful that there was only one creature, alluding not only to the many incarnations of Godzilla that would later appear but also to all the other kaiju monsters that would be featured in movies produced by Toho.

The following series would use the events of the first movie as part of their narrative but would occur in their own continuity separate from each other.

Shōwa series (1955–1975)

As alluded to at the end of the original movie, another Godzilla monster surfaced at first as a menace in Godzilla Raids Again but would soon become a hero, starting with Ghidorah, the Three-Headed Monster. He would team up with Mothra, Rodan and Anguirus to battle a variety of foes both mundane (Ebirah, Kumonga and Kamacuras) and bizarre (Hedorah, Gigan and Megalon). He even gained a son in the form of Minilla. The series ended with Terror of Mechagodzilla in 1975. The final scene depicted Godzilla wading off into the sea, not to be seen until his return in the VS series ten years later.

VS series (1984-1995)

In The Return of Godzilla, rather than being disturbed by atom bomb testing in the Pacific Ocean, the second Godzilla monster of the Versus series, 80 meters tall and 50,000 metric tons, is the direct result. After his battle with the Super X Godzilla would be lured to Mount Mihara by Professor Hayashida where he would be dropped into the lava below. There he entered a state of dormancy.

During his slumber, Japan would develop the Anti-Nuclear Energy Bacteria (ANB) as a contingency in case Godzilla ever returned.

Reawakened by explosions, Godzilla headed for Lake Ashino where he would do battle with Biollante, the hybrid monster of Godzilla’s own DNA and the cells of a rose. In their battle the ANB had taken effect and forced the battle to draw. Biollante was mortally wounded and Godzilla had fallen into the ocean, where he would die from the ANB. The cold waters of the Pacific would lower Godzilla’s body temperature, forcing the ANB to fall dormant and allowing Godzilla to live on.

File:Godzilla90 .JPG

'90s Godzilla as seen in "Godzilla: Save the Earth"

In Godzilla vs. King Ghidorah, time travelers from the future go back in time to 1944 to relocate the Godzillasaurus (which would become the second Godzilla) in the Bering Sea, and to replace it with their own creation - 3 tiny Dorats, which were harmless pets of the Futurians - to allow it to undergo Godzilla’s nuclear transformation instead, mutating and combining them into a three headed golden dragon, King Ghidorah.

In efforts to stop the Futurians' monster, those who were tricked into leading the Futurians to the Godzillasaurus made plans to send a nuclear submarine into the Bering Sea in an attempt to create the second Godzilla. Instead of finding the Godzillasaurus, the submarine would come face to face with Godzilla himself, 100 meters tall and 60,000 metric tons. The Futurians’ ignorance of the past leads them to create the second Godzilla in the first place rather than removing him from history. Godzilla would absorb the power of the nuclear sub, and not only would it seem to have cured the monster of the ANB but it would also mutate it even further, becoming powerful enough to defeat King Ghidorah, the Futurians’ monster. Godzilla went on to attack Japan himself, but was stopped when Emmy, one of the Futurians who had turned on her fellows, resurrected Ghidorah as a cyborg , Mecha-King Ghidorah. The two battled in Tokyo, with both falling into the sea at the movie's conclusion. Further movies showed mankind's efforts in defeating Godzilla while also being challenged but other monsters such as Mothra, Rodan and SpaceGodzilla. This series featured a team of monster-fighting soldiers called G-Force. Several ways G-Force planned to stop Godzilla included the construction of two "mecha-kaiju", Mecha Godzilla (who would do battle with both Godzilla and Rodan) and M.O.G.E.U.R.A. (Godzilla and SpaceGodzilla). Like in the previous series, Godzilla had a son, this time the smaller creature was simply called "Baby Godzilla", "Little Godzilla" and "Godzilla Junior" (Junior for short). Ultimately this Godzilla would meet his end in the finale of the versus series, Godzilla vs. Destoroyah. Everything comes full circle when Godzilla faced with a monster, Destoroyah, created by the experimental weapon, the Oxygen Destroyer, which was used to kill the first Godzilla in 1954. The end of Godzilla came when the radiation became too much for his body to control, and he finally succumbed to a total nuclear meltdown. This was not the end of Godzilla's legacy, however, the wounded Godzilla Junior absorbed all of the energies from his "father"'s remains and fully matured into an adult Godzilla like him.

Millennium series (1999–2004)

The millennium series is unique because rather than creating a single continuity that all the films would follow, the series would instead be compromised by a number of discrete narratives, each using only the original Godzilla film as a backdrop. The series is often called the "Shinsei" series by fans. However, this term has no meaning and is not recognized by Toho.

Godzilla 2000: Millennium

As a direct sequel of the original movie, the Godzilla, 55 meters tall and 25,000 metric tons, depicted in Godzilla 2000: Millennium is not related to any other Godzillas seen previously, or to those to come. It is unclear whether this Godzilla is the same as the original, but what is known is that he has been attacking and feeding off of Japan’s energy plants for some time. An alien UFO obtains some of Godzilla’s DNA in order to adapt to Earth’s atmosphere and becomes the monster Orga. The two monsters battle and Godzilla prevails by destroying his foe as it attempted to swallow him whole.

Godzilla vs. Megaguirus

Disregarding the events of Godzilla 2000: Millennium, the Godzilla in Godzilla vs. Megaguirus attacked Tokyo in 1954, the Tokaimura Power Plant in 1966, and Osaka in 1996. In 2001 Godzilla would be the first to encounter the Meganura threat. However, shortly after this, Godzilla would be lured to Kiganjima Island where he would fall victim to a top secret weapon, the Dimension Tide. The attack would be interrupted by the Meganura allowing Godzilla meet their queen, Megaguirus in battle. After Godzilla's victory he would fall victim once again to the Dimension Tide and be buried deep underneath the city.

Godzilla, Mothra and King Ghidorah: Giant Monsters All-Out Attack

File:Godzilla GMK.jpg

Godzilla in Godzilla, Mothra and King Ghidorah: Giant Monsters All-Out Attack.

Again disregarding the continuity of previous films of the millennium series, the Godzilla in Godzilla, Mothra and King Ghidorah: Giant Monsters All-Out Attack is confirmed to be the original monster, now driven by the souls of those who died in the Pacific in World War 2. This film returns the Godzilla to his roots of being a genuinely malevolent being who deliberately seeks to punish Japan for the sins of WWII. Godzilla would do battle with the Yamato beasts Baragon, Mothra, and King Ghidorah but ultimately would meet his end by the actions of general Tachibana, who piloted a submersible down Godzilla's throat and out through a wound causing it to grow bigger. The next two times Godzilla attempted to use his atomic ray it tore him apart starting from the wound. This would not be his end. At the bottom of Tokyo Bay the monster's heart lived on, beginning to rejuvenate his body.

Godzilla Against Mechagodzilla and Godzilla: Tokyo S.O.S.

For the first time in the Millennium Series, a specific Godzilla would appear in a series of two movies, Godzilla Against Mechagodzilla and Godzilla: Tokyo S.O.S.. As predicted at the end of the original film, a second Godzilla emerges in the middle of a typhoon in 1999 but would be driven away. In 2003 in its attack on Tokyo, he was temporarily defeated by the new Mechagodzilla, Kiryu. Godzilla reappeared in 2004 where it would take the combined efforts of Kiryu, Mothra and her larva to bring him down.

Godzilla: Final Wars

The Godzilla from Godzilla: Final Wars is the last Godzilla as of 2006; Toho has decided to retire the franchise for a period of 5-10 years to renew interest in the future.

It seems this Godzilla was the same from 1954, despite being significantly larger, and had the same actions of all previous incarnations of Godzilla. Decades before the main story starts, Godzilla was buried in ice at the South Pole by the Earth Defense Force’s aerial battle ship Gotengo. When the Xilians, an alien race, used many of the earth own monsters in attempts to conquer it, the EDF would have to be forced to free Godzilla from the ice to fight for mankind. This Godzilla was lured towards the Xilians' mothership in Tokyo while he fought the Xilians' monsters along the way, defeating/destroying each one in his path including Zilla, Kumonga, Kamacuras, Rodan, King Caesar, Anguirus, Ebirah and Hedorah. He at last arrived in Tokyo just in time for Gorath (a planetoid/asteroid that was summoned by the Xilians to crash into the earth) to enter Earth's atmosphere. Godzilla attempted to stop it by exhaling his atomic breath on it, causing it to explode and releasing the real threat, Monster X. Mothra came to Godzilla's aid while the Xilians summoned the revived and rebuilt Gigan. Gigan perished and Mothra disappeared while Monster X transformed into a new form, Kaiser Ghidorah, who nearly killed Godzilla if it weren't for Ozaki transferring his mutant powers into Godzilla, restoring his strength and empowering him enough to destroy Keizer Ghidorah. Turning his attention back on his old enemies, Godzilla shot down the Gotengo and was prepared to finish its crew off if Godzilla's infant son, Minilla, had not intervened, pleading Godzilla to stop. Tired from his past battles, Godzilla returns to the ocean with his son.

Powers and abilities

Over the years Godzilla has possessed many powers and abilities to use against his foes. Godzilla is generally considered to be one of the most powerful kaiju in the series, although others have also had this claim made about them as well.

Atomic breath

Godzilla is able to emit powerful atomic rays from his mouth apparently at will. He has also been able to control the power and the size of the rays. It can be "weak" enough to merely shake a building and strong enough to propel an enemy or an object into space or destroy the monster he is fighting. In Godzilla vs. Megaguirus the beam was shown to have incredible incendiary properties, while in Godzilla, Mothra and King Ghidorah: Giant Monsters All-Out Attack the beam detonated with the power of an atom bomb. In early films Godzilla has used the rays in various creative ways such as using it to lift himself off to ground in Godzilla vs. Hedorah. A variation on this in the Heisei series was that Godzilla gained a terrifying red spiral beam as a result of absorbing the essence of Rodan. This beam was so powerful that only one blast of it was sufficient to completely destroy Mechagodzilla II and SpaceGodzilla.

Radioactivity manipulation

In addition to his deadly atomic breath, Godzilla can also manipulate his radioactive properties in a variety of ways, often as a result of his need to adapt to new conditions and foes. In Godzilla vs. Mechagodzilla, the mutant dinosaur warped his radioactive energy into a magnetic power to overcome his metallic foe. In 1989's Godzilla vs. Biollante, the leviathan was attacked by the plant-monster's constricting tentacles. In order to free himself, Godzilla concentrated his energy to disperse itself across his body, burning the tendrils off of himself. This ability was later developed into the "Nuclear Pulse", which is he used whenever a foe had him trapped or grappled him with extreme severity. Godzilla has used his radioactive manipulation in a number of ways throughout the years.

Durability

Godzilla has displayed an almost immortal ability to absorb punishment over the years. The only times he has visibly bled was when Gigan's alien-made hammer claws cut open his skin, when Biollante's tendrils pierced his shoulder and hand and from Mechagodzilla's alien-made weapons in Godzilla vs. Mechagodzilla. One common explanation for this is that Godzilla possesses a efficient regenerative ability that enables him to heal wounds almost as soon as they are inflicted (this ability was a crucial plot point of Godzilla 2000: Millennium and Godzilla vs Biollante). Combined with his incredibly tough hide and ultra-tough scales, this makes Godzilla practically indestructible.

Physical abilities

Godzilla has displayed varied levels of strength such as being able to toss opponents high into the air as in the Shōwa Series. In the versus and millennium series he has also been able to leap high into the air in Godzilla vs. Megaguirus or moving very quickly in spite of his size. His tail is also a formidable weapon, having been shown as being able to move very quickly to hit even airborne objects, and even to be prehensile. In all his incarnations he has been shown to have powerful jaws and claws, although these are more prominent in some incarnations than in others. However, many of the films show Godzilla preferring to battle his opponents with his atomic breath rather than up-close.

Roar

Godzilla's trademark roar originally began as a low, groaning bellow, created when the series' famous composer, Akira Ifukube, rubbed a resin coated glove on a contrabass and resonated the sound, but has since developed into a highpitched shriek.

1998 American film

1998 saw the release of an American film called Godzilla, which bears little resemblance to previous works. With modern special effects, but a script generally held to be poor and an interpretation of the character widely disliked by Godzilla fans, this film is amusing but probably is best thought of as a homage to the Godzilla franchise.

The American Godzilla was used in Godzilla: Final Wars. It was the only monster generated entirely via CG, and was quickly defeated by the Japanese Godzilla. According to the back of the DVD case, Toho has given this "version" of Godzilla the name Zilla. Prior to this, many fans took to referring the American version of Godzilla as GINO (coined by Godzilla fan Richard Pusateri), for "Godzilla In Name Only", or "Fraudzilla".

Godzilla, Mothra and King Ghidorah: Giant Monsters All-Out Attack made an amusing reference to the American attempt at a Godzilla film. Two members of a Japanese Godzilla defense force are seen discussing a giant monster attack that occurred on "a major East-Coast American city". One asks the other if it was Godzilla, and the other's reply is something along the lines of: "That's what the Americans are saying, but our guys aren't so sure."

Animated series

Godzilla made his American series debut in the 1978 Hanna-Barbera Saturday morning show The Godzilla Power Hour. Godzilla cartoons were paired with cartoons featuring Jana of the Jungle. The series ran, both as part of the hour and with the Godzilla segments airing as a separate half-hour show, until 1981.

The second cartoon series, which aired on Fox Kids, was based off the events of the 1998 American movie. Godzilla: The Series featured an offspring of the movie Godzilla which had grown to full size. In a similar fashion to earlier animated works, Godzilla traveled around the world with a group of humans, including scientist Nick Tatopoulos, battling monsters. As a result of its parent, this Godzilla had all the abilities of the original and a few more besides. While the film version only breathed fire twice (possibly due to the engines of the cars exploding) the cartoon version had the ability to breath a green atomic flame like the original.

Box Set Edition

Although unconfirmed, major retailers have stopped selling Godzilla films, sending them back to their distributors. The reason given was that Toho plans on a special edition box set that will contain all 28 Godzilla films. The release date is unknown at the time of writing this (6/16/06). This is highly unlikely to happen in America, as Sony/Columbia-Tristar, while owning the rights to distribute a majority of the films in America, does not own the rights to all 28 films. A box set that collects all of the Godzilla films does, however, exist in Japan, directly distributed by Toho themselves.

External links

Official

• Godzilla Official Website (Japan)
• Godzilla Official Website (US)
• Classic Media's Godzilla site

Information

• Barry's Temple of Godzilla
• Toho Kingdom
• Kaijuphile: Monster Site. Monster Obsession.
• Monster Zero News
• Sci-Fi Japan
• Godzilla Stomp
• Godzilla On DVD MySpace, MySpace webpage dedicated to the September, 2006 DVD release.
• Tokyo Monsters The premiere kaiju multimedia site
• Template:Dmoz
• GreenCine primer on Godzilla
• Godzilla and other Monster Music
• Club Tokyo, kaiju collectibles reference
• Godzilla U.K., The British Godzilla Webzine
• G-FAN, an international fanzine
• Twisted Kaiju Theater, a webcomic using Godzilla toys and history as its genre.
• [2], American cinematic Imperialis: The Rethoric of Godzilla
• [3], Gojira Vs Godzilla The Original Meaning of Godzilla
• http://www.petitiononline.com/ak5ke823/petition.html, petition to get original Godzilla novel translated into English