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Over 1,500 supercentenarians have been documented in history.<ref>[http://www.grg.org/Adams/b.HTM Gerontology Research Group: Verified Supercentenarians (Ranked By Age) as of January 1, 2014]</ref> It is likely that more have lived, but the majority of claims to have lived to this age do not have sufficient documentary support to be validated. This is slowly changing as those born after birth registration was standardized in more countries and parts of countries attain supercentenarian age.
Over 1,500 supercentenarians have been documented in history.<ref>[http://www.grg.org/Adams/b.HTM Gerontology Research Group: Verified Supercentenarians (Ranked By Age) as of January 1, 2014]</ref> It is likely that more have lived, but the majority of claims to have lived to this age do not have sufficient documentary support to be validated. This is slowly changing as those born after birth registration was standardized in more countries and parts of countries attain supercentenarian age.


==Verified supercentenarians over 115 years old==
==Verified supercentenarians over 115 years cold==
{{Main list|List of the verified oldest people}}
{{Main list|List of the verified oldest people}}
{{legend2|#F9F9F9|Deceased|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#F9F9F9|Deceased|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

Revision as of 11:54, 23 September 2014

A supercentenarian (sometimes hyphenated as super-centenarian) is someone who has lived to or passed his/her 110th birthday. This age is achieved by about one in 1,000 centenarians.[1] Anderson et al. concluded that supercentenarians live a life typically free of major age-related diseases until shortly before maximum human lifespan is reached between 110 and 115 years.[2]

Incidence

There are estimated to be 300-450 living supercentenarians[3] in the world, though only 73 verified cases are known.[4] A study conducted in 2010 showed that the countries with the most known supercentenarians (living and dead, in order of total) were the United States,[5] Japan, the United Kingdom, France, and Italy.[6]

The first verified supercentenarians in human history died in the late 19th century. Until the 1980s, the oldest age attained by supercentenarians was 115, but this has now been surpassed.

Etymology

The term "supercentenarian" has been in existence since at least the 1970s (Norris McWhirter, editor of Guinness World Records, used the word in correspondence with age claims researcher A. Ross Eckler, Jr. in 1976), and was further popularised in 1991 by William Strauss and Neil Howe in their book entitled Generations. Early references tend to mean simply "someone well over 100", but the 110-and-over cutoff is the accepted criterion of demographers. In the 19th century, the term "ultracentenarian" was used to describe someone well over 100, the cutoff being age 110.[citation needed]

Morbidity

Research on the morbidity of supercentenarians has found that they remain free of major age-related diseases (e.g., stroke, cardiovascular disease, dementia, cancer, Parkinson’s disease and diabetes) until the very end of life when they die of exhaustion of organ reserve, which is the ability to return organ function to homeostasis.[2] About 10% of supercentenarians survive until the last 3 months of life without major age-related diseases as compared to only 4% of semisupercentenarians (age range 105–109 years) and 3% of centenarians.[2]

History

While claims of extreme age have persisted from the earliest times in history, the earliest supercentenarian accepted by Guinness World Records is Dutchman Thomas Peters (reportedly 1745–1857). Scholars such as French demographer Jean-Marie Robine, however, consider Geert Adriaans Boomgaard, also of the Netherlands, who turned 110 in 1898, to be the first verifiable case, as the alleged evidence for Peters has apparently been lost. The evidence for the 112 years of Englishman William Hiseland (reportedly 1620–1733) does not meet the standards required by Guinness World Records. Norwegian Church records, the accuracy of which is subject to dispute, also show what appear to be several supercentenarians who lived in the south-central part of present-day Norway during the 16th and 17th centuries, including Johannes Torpe (1549–1664), and Knud Erlandson Etun (1659–1770), both residents of Valdres, Oppland, Norway.

In 1902, Margaret Ann Neve, born in 1792, became the first verified female supercentenarian.

Jeanne Calment, who died in 1997 aged 122 years, 164 days, had the longest human lifespan documented. The oldest verified man ever recorded is Jiroemon Kimura of Japan, who died in 2013 aged 116 years and 54 days.

Over 1,500 supercentenarians have been documented in history.[7] It is likely that more have lived, but the majority of claims to have lived to this age do not have sufficient documentary support to be validated. This is slowly changing as those born after birth registration was standardized in more countries and parts of countries attain supercentenarian age.

Verified supercentenarians over 115 years cold

For a more comprehensive list, see List of the verified oldest people.

  Deceased   Living

Rank Name Gender Birth date Death date Age
(as of 7 January 2025) 		Country
1 Jeanne Calment F 21 February 1875 4 August 1997 122 years, 164 days France
2 Sarah Knauss F 24 September 1880 30 December 1999 119 years, 97 days United States
3 Lucy Hannah F 16 July 1875 21 March 1993 117 years, 248 days United States
4 Marie-Louise Meilleur F 29 August 1880 16 April 1998 117 years, 230 days Canada
5 María Capovilla F 14 September 1889 27 August 2006 116 years, 347 days Ecuador
6 Misao Okawa F 5 March 1898 Living 126 years, 308 days Living in Japan
7 Tane Ikai F 18 January 1879 12 July 1995 116 years, 175 days Japan
8 Elizabeth Bolden F 15 August 1890 11 December 2006 116 years, 118 days United States
9 Besse Cooper F 26 August 1896 4 December 2012 116 years, 100 days United States
10 Gertrude Weaver F 4 July 1898 Living 126 years, 187 days Living in United States
11 Jiroemon Kimura M 19 April 1897 12 June 2013 116 years, 54 days Japan
12 Maggie Barnes F 6 March 1882 19 January 1998 115 years, 319 days United States
13 Dina Manfredini F 4 April 1897 17 December 2012 115 years, 257 days born Italy
died in United States
14 Christian Mortensen M 16 August 1882 25 April 1998 115 years, 252 days born Denmark
died in United States
15 Charlotte Hughes F 1 August 1877 17 March 1993 115 years, 228 days United Kingdom
16 Edna Parker F 20 April 1893 26 November 2008 115 years, 220 days United States
17 Mary Ann Rhodes F 12 August 1882 3 March 1998 115 years, 203 days Canada
18 Margaret Skeete F 27 October 1878 7 May 1994 115 years, 192 days United States
19 Gertrude Baines F 6 April 1894 11 September 2009 115 years, 158 days United States
20 Emiliano Mercado del Toro M 21 August 1891 24 January 2007 115 years, 156 days Puerto Rico
21 Bettie Wilson F 13 September 1890 13 February 2006 115 years, 153 days United States
22 Julie Winnefred Bertrand F 16 September 1891 18 January 2007 115 years, 124 days Canada
23 Jeralean Talley F 23 May 1899 Living 125 years, 229 days Living in United States
24 Maria de Jesus F 10 September 1893 2 January 2009 115 years, 114 days Portugal
25 Susie Gibson F 31 October 1890 16 February 2006 115 years, 108 days United States
26 Augusta Holtz F 3 August 1871 21 October 1986 115 years, 79 days born Germany
died in United States
Susannah Mushatt Jones F 6 July 1899 Living 125 years, 185 days Living in United States
28 Hendrikje van Andel-Schipper F 29 June 1890 30 August 2005 115 years, 62 days Netherlands
29 Bernice Madigan F 24 July 1899 Living 125 years, 167 days Living in United States
30 Maude Farris-Luse F 21 January 1887 18 March 2002 115 years, 56 days United States
31 Marie Brémont F 25 April 1886 6 June 2001 115 years, 42 days France
32 Koto Okubo F 24 December 1897 12 January 2013 115 years, 19 days Japan
33 Chiyono Hasegawa F 20 November 1896 2 December 2011 115 years, 12 days Japan
34 Annie Jennings F 12 November 1884 20 November 1999 115 years, 8 days United Kingdom

References

  1. ^ Maier, H., Gampe, J., Jeune, B., Robine, J.-M., Vaupel, J. W. (Eds.) (2010). Supercentenarians. Germany: Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research. p. 325. ISBN 978-3-642-11519-6.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. ^ a b c Anderson, Stacy L.; Sebastiani, Paola; Dworkis, Daniel A.; Feldman, Lori; Perls, Thomas T. (2012). "Health Span Approximates Life Span Among Many Supercentenarians: Compression of Morbidity at the Approximate Limit of Life Span". The Journals of Gerontology: Series A. 67A: 395–405. doi:10.1093/gerona/glr223. Retrieved 28 February 2014.
  3. ^ Validated living supercentenarians
  4. ^ http://supercentenarian-research-foundation.org/TableE.aspx
  5. ^ Rosenwaike, Ira; Stone, Leslie F. (2003). "Verification of the Ages of Supercentenarians in the United States: Results of a Matching Study". Demography. 40 (4): 727–739. doi:10.1353/dem.2003.0038. Retrieved 28 February 2014.
  6. ^ The 2010 study of countries with most supercentenarians
  7. ^ Gerontology Research Group: Verified Supercentenarians (Ranked By Age) as of January 1, 2014

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