Buffalo treehopper: Difference between revisions
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| ordo = [[Hemiptera]] |
| ordo = [[Hemiptera]] |
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| subordo = [[Auchenorrhyncha]] |
| subordo = [[Auchenorrhyncha]] |
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| familia = [[Treehopper|Membracidae]] |
| familia = [[Treehopper|Membracidae]] |
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| subfamilia = [[Membracinae]] |
| subfamilia = [[Membracinae]] |
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| genus = ''[[Stictocephala]]'' |
| genus = ''[[Stictocephala]]'' |
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| species = '''''S. bisonia''''' |
| species = '''''S. bisonia''''' |
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| binomial = ''Stictocephala bisonia'' |
| binomial = ''Stictocephala bisonia'' |
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| binomial_authority = |
| binomial_authority = [[Dennis D. Kopp|Kopp]] & [[Thomas R. Yonke|Yonke]], 1977 |
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}} |
}} |
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The '''buffalo treehopper''' ('''''Stictocephala bisonia''''') is a [[species]] of [[treehopper]] native to [[North America]]. It is also sometimes [[Taxonomy (biology)|classified]] as ''Ceresa bisonia''.<ref name="EB">{{Citation | year =2008 | contribution =buffalo treehopper | contribution-url =http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/83648/buffalo-treehopper#tab=active~checked%2Citems~checked&title=buffalo%20treehopper%20--%20Britannica%20Online%20Encyclopedia | title =[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] | edition =Online | publisher =[[Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.]] | accessdate =2008-07-14}}</ref> |
The '''buffalo treehopper''' ('''''Stictocephala bisonia''''') is a [[species]] of [[treehopper]] native to [[North America]]. It is also sometimes [[Taxonomy (biology)|classified]] as ''Ceresa bisonia''.<ref name="EB">{{Citation | year =2008 | contribution =buffalo treehopper | contribution-url =http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/83648/buffalo-treehopper#tab=active~checked%2Citems~checked&title=buffalo%20treehopper%20--%20Britannica%20Online%20Encyclopedia | title =[[Encyclopædia Britannica]] | edition =Online | publisher =[[Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.]] | accessdate =2008-07-14}}</ref> |
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''S. bisonia'' mates during the summer months.<ref name="Ecology of BT"/> Males attract females with a song that, unlike similar songs used by [[cicada]] and [[cricket (insect)|cricket]]s, are outside the sonic range audible to humans.<ref name="Ecology of BT"/> Females lay [[egg (biology)|egg]]s from July to October using a blade-like [[ovipositor]].<ref name="Penn State CoAS"/><ref name="Ecology of BT"/> Up to a dozen eggs are laid in each slit made by the female.<ref name="Penn State CoAS"/><ref name="Ecology of BT"/> |
''S. bisonia'' mates during the summer months.<ref name="Ecology of BT"/> Males attract females with a song that, unlike similar songs used by [[cicada]] and [[cricket (insect)|cricket]]s, are outside the sonic range audible to humans.<ref name="Ecology of BT"/> Females lay [[egg (biology)|egg]]s from July to October using a blade-like [[ovipositor]].<ref name="Penn State CoAS"/><ref name="Ecology of BT"/> Up to a dozen eggs are laid in each slit made by the female.<ref name="Penn State CoAS"/><ref name="Ecology of BT"/> |
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[[Nymph (biology)| |
[[Nymph (biology)|Nymphs]] emerge from the eggs the following May or June.<ref name="Penn State CoAS"/><ref name="Ecology of BT"/> The nymphs, which resemble wingless adults, but have a more spiny appearance, descend from the trees where they hatched to feed on [[grass]]es, [[weed]]s, and other non[[woody plant]]s.<ref name="Penn State CoAS"/><ref name="Ecology of BT"/> |
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They [[molt]] several times in the following month and a half until they have reached adulthood.<ref name="Ecology of BT"/> Then they return to the trees to continue their [[Biological life cycle|life cycle]].<ref name="Ecology of BT"/> |
They [[molt]] several times in the following month and a half until they have reached adulthood.<ref name="Ecology of BT"/> Then they return to the trees to continue their [[Biological life cycle|life cycle]].<ref name="Ecology of BT"/> |
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[[Category:Auchenorrhyncha]] |
[[Category:Auchenorrhyncha]] |
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[[Category:Animals described in 1977]] |
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Revision as of 08:23, 16 October 2014
| Stictocephala bisonia[1] | |
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| Stictocephala bisonia | |
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| Species: | S. bisonia
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| Binomial name | |
| Stictocephala bisonia | |
The buffalo treehopper (Stictocephala bisonia) is a species of treehopper native to North America. It is also sometimes classified as Ceresa bisonia.[2]
Appearance
Buffalo treehoppers are a bright green color and have a somewhat triangular shape that helps camouflage them so as to resemble thorns or a twiggy protuberance.[1][3][4] It gets its name from the vague resemblance of its profile to that of an American bison.[3] They grow to 6 to 8 millimeters (0.24 to 0.31 in) long and have transparent wings.[3][4]
Life cycle
S. bisonia mates during the summer months.[4] Males attract females with a song that, unlike similar songs used by cicada and crickets, are outside the sonic range audible to humans.[4] Females lay eggs from July to October using a blade-like ovipositor.[3][4] Up to a dozen eggs are laid in each slit made by the female.[3][4]
Nymphs emerge from the eggs the following May or June.[3][4] The nymphs, which resemble wingless adults, but have a more spiny appearance, descend from the trees where they hatched to feed on grasses, weeds, and other nonwoody plants.[3][4]
They molt several times in the following month and a half until they have reached adulthood.[4] Then they return to the trees to continue their life cycle.[4]
Feeding
Both adult and immature buffalo treehoppers feed upon sap using specialized mouthparts suited for this purpose.[4] Black locust, clover, elm, goldenrod, and willow are among their favorite food sources.[4] It is also an occasional pest of fruit trees and is harmful to young orchard trees, especially apple trees.[4] It has become an invasive species in some parts of Europe.[2]
References
- ^ a b Jackman, John A. (2001-08-10). "Buffalo Treehopper". Texas Cooperative Extension. Texas A&M Entomology Department. Retrieved 2008-07-16.
- ^ a b "buffalo treehopper", Encyclopædia Britannica (Online ed.), Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 2008, retrieved 2008-07-14
- ^ a b c d e f g "Buffalo Treehopper". Pennsylvania Tree Fruit Production Guide. Pennsylvania State University, College of Agricultural Sciences. 2008-06-05. Retrieved 2008-07-16.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Moran, Mark (2004-04-05). "Buffalo Treehopper: Stictocephala bisonia". Study of Northern Virginia Ecology. Fairfax County Public Schools. Retrieved 2008-07-14.
External links
