Konstantin Petrzhak: Difference between revisions
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| name = Konstantin Petrzhak |
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| native_name = Константин Антонович Петржак |
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| native_name_lang = ru |
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| birth_date = {{birth date |1907|9|7|mf=y}} |
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| birth_place = [[Łuków]], [[Poland]] |
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| death_date = {{death date and age |1998|10|10 |1907|09|07}} |
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| death_place = [[Russia]] |
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| residence = {{ublist |[[USSR]] |[[Russia]]}} |
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| nationality = [[Poles|Pole]] |
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| fields = [[Physics]] ([[Nuclear physics|nuclear]]) |
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| workplaces = {{ublist |[[V. G. Khlopin Radium Institute|First Radium Institute]] |[[Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology]]}} |
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| alma_mater = [[Saint Petersburg State University]] |
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| thesis_title = <!--(or | thesis1_title = and | thesis2_title = )--> |
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| doctoral_advisor = [[Igor Kurchatov]] |
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| academic_advisors = [[Vitaly Khlopin]] |
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| known_for = {{longitem|Discovery of [[spontaneous fission]]}} |
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| awards = {{Order of the Badge of Honour}} |
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'''Konstantin Petrzhak''' ({{lang-rus|Константи́н Анто́нович Петржак|p=kənstɐnʲˈtʲin ɐnˈtonɐvɪt͡ɕ pʲɛtʐak}}; 1907-1998) was a Soviet physicist of Polish origin. He discovered [[spontaneous fission]] of uranium jointly with [[Georgy Flyorov]] in 1940.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Flerov GN, Petrzhak KA|year=1940 |title=Journal of Physics (USSR) |url= |journal= |publisher= |volume=III |issue= |pages=275–280 |doi= |pmc= |pmid= }}</ref> |
'''Konstantin Petrzhak''' ({{lang-rus|Константи́н Анто́нович Петржак|p=kənstɐnʲˈtʲin ɐnˈtonɐvɪt͡ɕ pʲɛtʐak}}; 1907-1998) was a Soviet physicist of Polish origin. He discovered [[spontaneous fission]] of uranium jointly with [[Georgy Flyorov]] in 1940.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Flerov GN, Petrzhak KA|year=1940 |title=Journal of Physics (USSR) |url= |journal= |publisher= |volume=III |issue= |pages=275–280 |doi= |pmc= |pmid= }}</ref> |
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Revision as of 08:24, 21 October 2014
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (October 2014) |
Konstantin Petrzhak | |
|---|---|
Константин Антонович Петржак | |
| Born | September 7, 1907 |
| Died | October 10, 1998 (aged 91) |
| Nationality | Pole |
| Alma mater | Saint Petersburg State University |
| Known for | Discovery of spontaneous fission |
| Awards |  |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Physics (nuclear) |
| Institutions | |
| Doctoral advisor | Igor Kurchatov |
| Other academic advisors | Vitaly Khlopin |
Konstantin Petrzhak (Russian: Константи́н Анто́нович Петржак, IPA: [kənstɐnʲˈtʲin ɐnˈtonɐvɪt͡ɕ pʲɛtʐak]; 1907-1998) was a Soviet physicist of Polish origin. He discovered spontaneous fission of uranium jointly with Georgy Flyorov in 1940.[1]
Biography
Konstantin Petrzhak was born in Łuków on 3 September 1907. In 1936 he graduated from Saint Petersburg State University. Later he wrote thesis at First Radium Institute in Saint Petersburg. Vitaly Khlopin and Igor Kurchatov were his scientific advisors. From 1939 to 1940 he and Georgy Flyorov tried to detect spontaneous fission under general supervision of Igor Kurchatov. In 1939 the experiments were carried out in Saint Petersburg. In 1940 they were verified in Moscow in an underground lab under Dinamo station of Moscow Metro. They constructed a highly sensitive ionization chamber to detect uranium debris.[2] The ionization chamber had electrodes in it with the total square of about 1000 cm2.[3] The samples of uranium were placed inside the chamber.[4] The detector was checked while measuring background.[4] When the source of neutrons was taken away the detector still detected particles. That's how they assumed that spontaneous fission was discovered.[5] The certificate of discovery stated "the new type of radioactivity with mother nucleus decays into two nuclei, that have kinetic energy of about 160 MeV".[6]
In 1940 Konstantin Petrzhak was suggested to enter the leading team of soviet atomic bomb project.[7] He is rumoured to participate in soviet atomic project. Konstantin Petrzhak founded a laboratory of neutron physics and physics of fission in Radium Institute in 1947 and was the head of this laboratory until 1986.[8] Later he was one of the founders of Engineering faculty of Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology.[9] There he founded a department of nuclear physics in 1949[8] and was the head of it for 22 years.[10] In 1961 he founded a laboratory of nuclear energy there. Konstantin Petrzhak created an express method of detection of plutonium and satllite radioative elements in samples of irradiated uranium.[8] For his achievements in nuclear physics he was awarded Stalin prize in 1946 and in 1953. He died on October 10, 1998 and was buried in Saint Petersburg.
References
- ^ Flerov GN, Petrzhak KA (1940). "Journal of Physics (USSR)". III: 275–280.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Oganessian, Yuri. "Г. Н. Флёров. Молодые годы. [G. Flyorov. Early years.]" (in Russian).
- ^ Р.В. Кузнецова. "Multilayer ionization chamber" (in Russian).
- ^ a b Flerov GN, Petrzhak KA (1961). "Discovery of spontaneous fission of nuclei" (PDF). Physics-Uspekhi. LXXIII (4): 657.
- ^ Holloway, David. "Сталин и бомба. [Stalin and the Bomb]" (in Russian).
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|editors=(help) - ^ "Discovery of spontaneous fission in uranium" (in Russian).
- ^ "Works on creation of the first atomic bomb in USSR". "BioFile.ru" (in Russian).
- ^ a b c "Konstantin Petrzhak". Russian Engineers (in Russian). 2010.
- ^ "University of Technology Alumni and Faculty" (in Russian).
- ^ "History of department" (in Russian). St. Petersburg State Technological Institute.
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- People from Łuków County
- 1907 births
- Soviet nuclear physicists
- Stalin Prize winners
- Recipients of the Order of the Badge of Honour
- Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
- Recipients of the Order of the Patriotic War, 2nd class
- Saint Petersburg State University alumni
- 1998 deaths
- Russian physicist stubs