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'''Fort Nassau''' was the first [[Dutch Republic|Dutch]] settlement in [[North America]], located beside the "North River" (the modern [[Hudson River|Hudson]]) within present-day [[Albany, New York|Albany]], [[New York]], in the [[United States]]. The ''[[factorij]]'' was a small fortification which served as a trading post and warehouse. |
'''Fort Nassau''' was the first [[Dutch Republic|Dutch]] settlement in [[North America]], located beside the "North River" (the modern [[Hudson River|Hudson]]) within present-day [[Albany, New York|Albany]], [[New York]], in the [[United States]]. The ''[[factorij]]'' was a small fortification which served as a trading post and warehouse. Contrary to a persistent myth, it was not sited on an earlier French fortification from 1540.<ref name=Debunk>{{cite web | title = Debunking The ‘French Fort’ On Albany’s Castle Island | url = http://newyorkhistoryblog.org/2014/09/08/debunking-the-french-fort-on-albanys-castle-island/ | publisher = New York History Blog}}</ref> |
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==History== |
==History== |
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[[Henry Hudson]] explored what would be known as the [[Hudson River]] for the Dutch in 1609, including [[Castle Island (New York)|Castle Island]] which was at the center of [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native American]] [[fur]] trading routes from the interior.<ref name=Tour>{{cite web | title = A Virtual Tour of New Netherland: Fort Nassau | url = http://www. |
[[Henry Hudson]] explored what would be known as the [[Hudson River]] for the Dutch in 1609, including [[Castle Island (New York)|Castle Island]] which was at the center of [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native American]] [[fur]] trading routes from the interior.<ref name=Tour>{{cite web | title = A Virtual Tour of New Netherland: Fort Nassau | url = http://www.newnetherlandinstitute.org/history-and-heritage/digital-exhibitions/a-tour-of-new-netherland/albany/fort-nassau/ | publisher = New Netherland Institute}}</ref> [[Hendrick Christiaensen]] chose Castle Island to build Fort Nassau, the first documented European structure in the region, in 1614 or 1615 as a dual warehouse and military defense structure and named the fort in honor of the [[stadtholder]] of the [[Republic of the Seven United Netherlands|United Netherlands]], who was of the [[House of Orange-Nassau]].<ref name=History>{{cite book | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=13f13lTfG4AC&pg=PA152&lpg=PA152&dq=fort+orange+hotel+albany+ny&source=web&ots=M29nbi ScqT&sig=QigCG7FfnN9xLNNA60rDtpTuETs&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=10&ct=result#v=onepage&q=fort%20orange%20hotel%20albany%20ny&f=false | year = 1853 | page = 55 | publisher = Harper & Brothers | title = History of the State of New York: First Period 1609-1664 | author = Brodhead, John Romeyn}}</ref> This was the first Dutch settlement in [[North America]].<ref>{{cite web | title = The Dutch Settlements in North America | author = Ramerini, Marco | url = http://www.colonialvoyage.com/newnether.html}}</ref> Jacob Eelkens became commander on Christiaensen's death in 1616.<ref name=Chronicles/> |
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In 1617 a [[freshet]] damaged the fort to such an extent that it was abandoned and rebuilt on more secure ground at the [[mouth (river)|mouth]] of the Normans [[Kill (body of water)|Kill]] (called the ''Tawasentha'' by the natives) with the Hudson River. This new fortification was built by Eelkens on a [[topographic prominence|prominence]] called ''Tawass-gunshee'' by the natives. Once the new fort was completed, the Dutch |
In 1617 a [[freshet]] damaged the fort to such an extent that it was abandoned and rebuilt on more secure ground at the [[mouth (river)|mouth]] of the Normans [[Kill (body of water)|Kill]] (called the ''Tawasentha'' by the natives) with the Hudson River. This new fortification was built by Eelkens on a [[topographic prominence|prominence]] called ''Tawass-gunshee'' by the natives. Once the new fort was completed, the Dutch completed their first treaty with natives of North America.<ref name=History>{{cite book | page = 81 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=13f13lTfG4AC&pg=PA152&lpg=PA152&dq=fort+orange+hotel+albany+ny&source=web&ots=M29nbiScqT&sig=QigCG7FfnN9xLNNA60rDtpTuETs&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=10&ct=result#v=onepage&q=fort%20orange%20hotel%20albany%20ny&f=false | year = 1853 | page = 55 | publisher = Harper & Brothers | title = History of the State of New York: First Period 1609-1664 | author = Brodhead, John Romeyn}}</ref> In 1618 a freshet destroyed the new fort, and it was abandoned for good.<ref name=Chronicles>{{cite book | title = Albany Chronicles: A History of the City Arranged Chronologically | publisher = J.B. Lyon Company | author = Reynolds, Cuyler | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=XNU0AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA18&dq=fort+nassau+albany&hl=en&ei=H_NlTMSVNMiKnQfJo9ilDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false | year = 1906}}</ref> |
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==Geography== |
==Geography== |
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Revision as of 16:34, 29 October 2014
| Fort Nassau | |
|---|---|
| Part of New Netherland | |
| Albany, New York | |
| Type | Fort |
| Site history | |
| Built | 1614 |
| Built by | Hendrick Christiaensen |
| Materials | Wooden structure surrounded by stockade |
| Demolished | 1618 |
| Events | First Dutch settlement in North America First treaty between natives and Dutch |
| Garrison information | |
| Past commanders | Jacob Eelkens |
| Garrison | 10 or 12 men |
| Occupants | Dutch traders and soldiers |
| New Netherland series |
|---|
| Exploration |
| Fortifications: |
| Settlements: |
| The Patroon System |
|
| People of New Netherland |
| Flushing Remonstrance |
 |
Fort Nassau was the first Dutch settlement in North America, located beside the "North River" (the modern Hudson) within present-day Albany, New York, in the United States. The factorij was a small fortification which served as a trading post and warehouse. Contrary to a persistent myth, it was not sited on an earlier French fortification from 1540.[1]
History
Henry Hudson explored what would be known as the Hudson River for the Dutch in 1609, including Castle Island which was at the center of Native American fur trading routes from the interior.[2] Hendrick Christiaensen chose Castle Island to build Fort Nassau, the first documented European structure in the region, in 1614 or 1615 as a dual warehouse and military defense structure and named the fort in honor of the stadtholder of the United Netherlands, who was of the House of Orange-Nassau.[3] This was the first Dutch settlement in North America.[4] Jacob Eelkens became commander on Christiaensen's death in 1616.[5]
In 1617 a freshet damaged the fort to such an extent that it was abandoned and rebuilt on more secure ground at the mouth of the Normans Kill (called the Tawasentha by the natives) with the Hudson River. This new fortification was built by Eelkens on a prominence called Tawass-gunshee by the natives. Once the new fort was completed, the Dutch completed their first treaty with natives of North America.[3] In 1618 a freshet destroyed the new fort, and it was abandoned for good.[5]
Geography
Fort Nassau was built on what is now called Westerlo Island and was formerly called Castle Island. The island was part of the town of Bethlehem until 1926 when it was annexed to the city of Albany.[6] It has been part of the Port of Albany-Rensselaer since 1932.[7]
Structure
Fort Nassau was a 36-foot (11 m) long by 26-foot (7.9 m) wide building enclosed by a 58-foot (18 m) square stockade surrounded by an 18-foot (5.5 m) wide moat. The fort was defended by two large cannon and eleven swivel guns. The fort was garrisoned by 10-12 men.[3]
See also
- Fort Nassau (South River)
- Fortifications of New Netherland
- History of Albany, New York
- New Netherland settlements
References
- ^ "Debunking The 'French Fort' On Albany's Castle Island". New York History Blog.
- ^ "A Virtual Tour of New Netherland: Fort Nassau". New Netherland Institute.
- ^ a b c Brodhead, John Romeyn (1853). ScqT&sig=QigCG7FfnN9xLNNA60rDtpTuETs&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=10&ct=result#v=onepage&q=fort%20orange%20hotel%20albany%20ny&f=false History of the State of New York: First Period 1609-1664. Harper & Brothers. p. 55.
{{cite book}}: Check|url=value (help) Cite error: The named reference "History" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page). - ^ Ramerini, Marco. "The Dutch Settlements in North America".
- ^ a b Reynolds, Cuyler (1906). Albany Chronicles: A History of the City Arranged Chronologically. J.B. Lyon Company.
- ^ "Cutting Ice: Big Business in Bethlehem". Town of Bethlehem.
- ^ "Castle Island". New York State Museum Colonial Albany Social History Project. 2001-12-11.
External links
- The Trading House 1615 Artist Len Tantillo's vision of what Fort Nassau may have looked like
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