Andrussow process: Difference between revisions

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File:1931.01.31 23 Andrussow Pilot Plant Herne Germany.jpg

Late 1930: Semitechnical plant for experiments on the production of hydrogen cyanide with the Andrussow process in Herne, Germany, operated by Leonid Andrussow.

The Andrussow process is an industrial process for the production of hydrogen cyanide from methane and ammonia in the presence of oxygen and a platinum catalyst.^[1]^[2]

CH₄ + NH₃ + 1.5 O₂ → HCN + 3 H₂O

Side Reactions

This reaction is very exothermic. The change of Enthalpy of this reaction is equal to -481.06 kJ.^[3] The heat provided by the main reaction serves as a catalyst for other side reactions.

CH₄ + H₂O → CO + 3 H₂

2 CH₄ + 3 O₂ → 2 CO + 4 H₂O

4 NH₃ + 3 O₂ → 2 N₂ + 6 H₂O

These side reactions can be reduced by only short exposures to the catalyst of the order of 0.0003 s.^[4]

The process is based on a reaction that was discovered by Justine Thomas Andrussow in 1927. In the following years he developed the process that is named after him. HCN is also produced in the BMA process.

References

^ Leonid Andrussow (1927). "Über die schnell verlaufenden katalytischen Prozesse in strömenden Gasen und die Ammoniak-Oxydation (V)". Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft. 60 (8): 2005–2018. doi:10.1002/cber.19270600857.
^ L. Andrussow (1935). "Über die katalytische Oxydation von Ammoniak-Methan-Gemischen zu Blausäure (The catalytic oxidation of ammonia-methane-mixtures to hydrogen cyanide)". Angewandte Chemie. 48 (37): 593–595. doi:10.1002/ange.19350483702.
^ Deák, Gyula (1980), Menné reakcie v organickej chémii, Bratislava: Vydavateľstvo technickej a ekonomickej literatúry, p. 14
^ Pirie, J M (1958). "The Manufacture of Hydrocyanic Acid by the Andrussow Process" (PDF). Platinum Metals Rev. 2 (1): 7–11. Retrieved 28 March 2014.

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[1] Leonid Andrussow (1927). "Über die schnell verlaufenden katalytischen Prozesse in strömenden Gasen und die Ammoniak-Oxydation (V)". Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft. 60 (8): 2005–2018. doi:10.1002/cber.19270600857.

[2] L. Andrussow (1935). "Über die katalytische Oxydation von Ammoniak-Methan-Gemischen zu Blausäure (The catalytic oxidation of ammonia-methane-mixtures to hydrogen cyanide)". Angewandte Chemie. 48 (37): 593–595. doi:10.1002/ange.19350483702.

[3] Deák, Gyula (1980), Menné reakcie v organickej chémii, Bratislava: Vydavateľstvo technickej a ekonomickej literatúry, p. 14

[4] Pirie, J M (1958). "The Manufacture of Hydrocyanic Acid by the Andrussow Process" (PDF). Platinum Metals Rev. 2 (1): 7–11. Retrieved 28 March 2014.

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 ==Side Reactions==
-This reaction is very endothermic. The change of [[Enthalpy]] of this reaction is equal to ''481.06 kJ''.<ref>{{Citation | first=Gyula | last=Deák | title=Menné reakcie v organickej chémii|year = 1980|publisher=Vydavateľstvo technickej a ekonomickej literatúry| location = Bratislava| page = 14|isbn=}}</ref> The [[heat]] provided by the main reaction serves as a catalyst for other side reactions.
+This reaction is very exothermic. The change of [[Enthalpy]] of this reaction is equal to ''-481.06 kJ''.<ref>{{Citation | first=Gyula | last=Deák | title=Menné reakcie v organickej chémii|year = 1980|publisher=Vydavateľstvo technickej a ekonomickej literatúry| location = Bratislava| page = 14|isbn=}}</ref> The [[heat]] provided by the main reaction serves as a catalyst for other side reactions.
 :CH<sub>4</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O → CO + 3 H<sub>2</sub>
 :2 CH<sub>4</sub> + 3 O<sub>2</sub> → 2 CO + 4 H<sub>2</sub>O