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Sparapet (Template:Lang-hy) was a hereditary title of supreme commander of the armed forces in ancient and medieval Armenia. It originated in the 2nd century BC,^[1] under the reign of King Artaxias I, and was used in the Kingdom of Armenia and the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia (in Cilicia, the bearer of the title was known as a Gúndestabl (գունդստաբլ), from the Byzantine and Western title ща connetable). Sparapet was the equivalent of the Parthian Spahbed (cf. Georgian spaspet "high constable, commander in chief").

The title of Sparapet was traditionally held by the representatives of the House of Mamikonian since the beginning of the rule of the Arsacid kings of Armenia. Later in history, the title was held by the Bagratuni and Artsruni dynasties. See սպարապետ for etymology.

Modern usage

The 18th century commander Mkhitar Sparapet led the Armenian efforts for independence in Syunik (Zangezur) region.

The title "Sparapet of Syunik" (Սյունյաց սպարապետ) was held by the Garegin Nzhdeh, as supreme commander of the Republic of Mountainous Armenia, in 1920–21.^[2]^[3]

The title is also used for the Grand Commander of the Knights of Vartan, an Armenian-American fraternal order. The title was held by Alex Manoogian during his leadership of that organization.^[4]

Armenia's Defense Minister Vazgen Sargsyan is often informally referred to as Sparapet in recognition of his leadership during the Nagorno-Karabakh War.^[5]^[6]

References

^ Yeremian, Suren (1987). "Հայաստանը հելլենիստական դարաշրջանում [Armenia During the Hellenistic Era]". Soviet Armenian Encyclopedia, volume "Soviet Armenia" (in Armenian). Yerevan: Armenian Academy of Sciences. p. 98.
^ "Նժդեհ Գարեգին". encyclopedia.am (in Armenian). Armenian Encyclopedia. Դեկտեմբերի 25-ին հռչակվել է Սյունիքի ինքնավարությունը, Նժդեհն ընտրվել է Սյունյաց սպարապետ:
^ "Որ զանգը զուր չհնչի". Aravot (in Armenian). 27 April 2011. 1920 թվականի դեկտեմբերին Տաթեւում գումարված համազանգեզուրյան առաջին համագումարում Սյունիքը հռչակվեց ինքնավար: Նժդեհն ընտրվեց Սյունյաց սպարապետ՝ դիկտատորի իրավունքներով:
^ "Alex Manoogyan". persons.am. Retrieved 15 November 2014.
^ "50th Anniversary of Birth of Sparapet". Yerevan State University. 20 March 2009. Retrieved 3 July 2014.
^ "Armenians commemorate Sparapet Vazgen Sargsyan". A1plus. 5 March 2014. Retrieved 3 July 2014.

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-'''''Sparapet''''' ({{lang-hy|[[wikt:սպարապետ|սպարապետ]]}}) was a hereditary title of supreme commander of the armed forces in ancient and medieval [[Armenia]]. It originated in the 2nd century BC,<ref>{{hy icon}} [[Suren Yeremyan|Yeremyan, Suren]]. "Հայաստանը հելլենիստական դարաշրջանում" ("Armenia During the Hellenistic Era"). ''Soviet Armenia'' volume of ''[[Soviet Armenian Encyclopedia]]''. Yerevan, Armenian SSR: [[Armenian Academy of Sciences]], 1987, p. 98.</ref> under the reign of King [[Artaxias I|Artashes I]], and was used in the [[Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)|Kingdom of Armenia]] and the [[Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia]] (in Cilicia, the bearer of the title was known as a '''''Gúndestabl'''''; {{lang-hy|Գունդստաբլ}}, from the Byzantine and Western titles of ''[[kontostablos]]''/''[[connetable]]''). ''Sparapet'' was the equivalent of the [[Parthian Empire|Parthian]] ''[[Spahbed]] ''(cf. [[Georgia (country)|Georgian]] ''[[spaspet]]'' "high constable, [[commander in chief]]").
+'''''Sparapet''''' ({{lang-hy|[[wikt:սպարապետ|սպարապետ]]}}) was a hereditary title of supreme commander of the armed forces in ancient and medieval [[Armenia]]. It originated in the 2nd century BC,<ref>{{cite book|authorlink=Suren Yeremian|first=Suren|last=Yeremian|contribution=Հայաստանը հելլենիստական դարաշրջանում [Armenia During the Hellenistic Era]|title=[[Soviet Armenian Encyclopedia]], volume "Soviet Armenia"|location=Yerevan|publisher=[[Armenian Academy of Sciences]]|language=hy|year=1987|p=98}}</ref> under the reign of King [[Artaxias I]], and was used in the [[Kingdom of Armenia (antiquity)|Kingdom of Armenia]] and the [[Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia]] (in Cilicia, the bearer of the title was known as a '''''Gúndestabl''''' (գունդստաբլ), from the Byzantine and Western title ща [[connetable]]). ''Sparapet'' was the equivalent of the [[Parthian Empire|Parthian]] ''[[Spahbed]] ''(cf. [[Georgia (country)|Georgian]] ''[[spaspet]]'' "high constable, [[commander in chief]]").
 The title of ''Sparapet'' was traditionally held by the representatives of the House of [[Mamikonian]] since the beginning of the rule of the Arsacid kings of Armenia. Later in history, the title was held by the [[Bagratuni Dynasty|Bagratuni]] and [[Ardzruni|Artsruni]] dynasties. See [[wikt:սպարապետ|սպարապետ]] for etymology.
 == Modern usage ==
+The 18th century commander [[Mkhitar Sparapet]] led the Armenian efforts for independence in [[Syunik (historic province)|Syunik]] (Zangezur) region.
-The title of Sparapet was held by the [[Garegin Nzhdeh]], as supreme commander of self-defense forces of Zangezur and the [[Republic of Mountainous Armenia]], in 1920-1921. The post-Soviet Armenia's Defense Minister [[Vazgen Sargsyan]] was often informally referred to as Sparapet in recognition of his leadership during the [[Nagorno-Karabakh War]] both before and after his assassination in 1999. <ref>{{cite web|title=50th Anniversary of Birth of Sparapet|url=http://www.ysu.am/news/en/vP8TGlrds617U7oZTs13TRqafb|publisher=[[Yerevan State University]]|accessdate=3 July 2014|date=20 March 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Armenians commemorate Sparapet Vazgen Sargsyan|url=http://en.a1plus.am/1183798.html|accessdate=3 July 2014|work=[[A1plus]]|date=5 March 2014}}</ref>
+The title "Sparapet of [[Syunik (historic province)|Syunik]]" (Սյունյաց սպարապետ) was held by the [[Garegin Nzhdeh]], as supreme commander of the [[Republic of Mountainous Armenia]], in 1920–21.<ref>{{cite web|title=Նժդեհ Գարեգին|url=http://www.encyclopedia.am/pages.php?bId=2&hId=1285|website=encyclopedia.am|publisher=[[Armenian Encyclopedia]]|language=hy|quote=Դեկտեմբերի 25-ին հռչակվել է Սյունիքի ինքնավարությունը, Նժդեհն ընտրվել է Սյունյաց սպարապետ:}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Որ զանգը զուր չհնչի|url=http://www.aravot.am/2011/04/27/341026/|work=[[Aravot]]|date=27 April 2011|language=hy|quote=1920 թվականի դեկտեմբերին Տաթեւում գումարված համազանգեզուրյան առաջին համագումարում Սյունիքը հռչակվեց ինքնավար: Նժդեհն ընտրվեց Սյունյաց սպարապետ՝ դիկտատորի իրավունքներով:}}</ref>
-The title is also used for the Grand Commander of the [[Knights of Vartan]], an [[Armenian-American]] fraternal order. The title was held by [[Alex Manoogian]] during his leadership of that organization.{{cn|date=July 2014}}
+The title is also used for the Grand Commander of the Knights of Vartan, an [[Armenian-American]] fraternal order. The title was held by [[Alex Manoogian]] during his leadership of that organization.<ref>{{cite web|title=Alex Manoogyan|url=http://www.persons.am/en/infop.php?id=3201|website=persons.am|accessdate=15 November 2014}}</ref>
+Armenia's Defense Minister [[Vazgen Sargsyan]] is often informally referred to as Sparapet in recognition of his leadership during the [[Nagorno-Karabakh War]].<ref>{{cite web|title=50th Anniversary of Birth of Sparapet|url=http://www.ysu.am/news/en/vP8TGlrds617U7oZTs13TRqafb|publisher=[[Yerevan State University]]|accessdate=3 July 2014|date=20 March 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Armenians commemorate Sparapet Vazgen Sargsyan|url=http://en.a1plus.am/1183798.html|accessdate=3 July 2014|work=[[A1plus]]|date=5 March 2014}}</ref>
 ==References==
@@ Line 13: / Line 17: @@
 ==See also==
 * [[Sempad the Constable]]
-==External links==
-*[http://rbedrosian.com/spar1.htm The Sparapetutyun in Armenia in the Fourth and Fifth Centuries]
-* "Cilician Kingdom", ''Dictionary of the Middle Ages''
 [[Category:Military ranks of Armenia|Armenia]]