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In 1970, the average salary in [[Major League Baseball]] in the U.S. and Canada was $20,000 (${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|20000|1970}}}} inflation-adjusted). By 2005, the average salary had increased to $2,632,655 (${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|2632655|2005}}}} inflation-adjusted) and the minimum salary was $316,000 (adjusted: ${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|316000|2005}}}}).<ref>[http://www.baseball-almanac.com/yearly/yr2005a.shtml Baseball Almanac]</ref> In 2012 the average MLB salary was $3,440,000, the [[median]] salary was $1,075,000, and the minimum salary had grown to four times the inflation-adjusted average salary in 1970 ($480,000).<ref>[http://www.cbssports.com/mlb/story/18324677/baseballs-average-salary-goes-up-to-344m Baseball's average salary goes up to $3.44M]</ref>
In 1970, the average salary in [[Major League Baseball]] in the U.S. and Canada was $20,000 (${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|20000|1970}}}} inflation-adjusted). By 2005, the average salary had increased to $2,632,655 (${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|2632655|2005}}}} inflation-adjusted) and the minimum salary was $316,000 (adjusted: ${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|316000|2005}}}}).<ref>[http://www.baseball-almanac.com/yearly/yr2005a.shtml Baseball Almanac]</ref> In 2012 the average MLB salary was $3,440,000, the [[median]] salary was $1,075,000, and the minimum salary had grown to four times the inflation-adjusted average salary in 1970 ($480,000).<ref>[http://www.cbssports.com/mlb/story/18324677/baseballs-average-salary-goes-up-to-344m Baseball's average salary goes up to $3.44M]</ref>


== Introduction ==

In this article, we will explain about big money surrounding pro sports team.Today there are many pro sports teams in the world. These teams have much money.But we can not know whether they use money properly. We talk about this problem.


== Examples ==

=== Cleveland’s sports team and tax ===

In this paragragh, I talk about what happened in Cleveland, States of Ohio.

In the Beginning, I talk about the system of the city and the major sports team in Cleveland. Three major sports teams has set their home field to Cleveland. Three major sports teams is the Cleveland Browns(NFL), the Cleveland Indians(MLB), the Cleveland Cavaliers(NBA). The Browns’ home is FirstEnergy Stadium, the Indians’ home is Progressive Field, and the Cavaliers’ home is Quicken Loans Arena. The city of Cleveland owns First Energy Stadium, and the nonprofit Gateway Economic Development Corporation manages Progressive Field, and Quicken Loans Arena. and, the city owes the Browns’ home field, so the Browns only pay $250000 a year for rent when they match other teams in that field eight times a year. The Indians and the Cavaliers must pay operating cost for Gateway and also must pay maintaining and reparing cost for facilities. In 2013, the Indians paid $2000000 for operating cost and paid $2400000 for reparing cost, so they paid $4400000 for total rent. And, the Cavaliers paid $1600000 for reparing cost and $966000 for reparing cost,so they paid $2566000 for total rent <ref>Naymik, M (2014, May 1). See what the Indians , Cavs and Browns pay to play at city’s sin tax-founded sports faxcilities, Cleveland.com Retrived: http://www.cleveland.com/naymik/index.ssf/2014/05/see_what_the_cleveland_indians.html [ May 22, 2014]</ref>.



Then, I talk about what happend in Cleveland on May 2014. On May 7th, voters in Cleveland passed the Issue 7 <ref>Naymik, M (2014, May 1). See what the Indians , Cavs and Browns pay to play at city’s sin tax-founded sports faxcilities, Cleveland.com Retrived: http://www.cleveland.com/naymik/index.ssf/2014/05/see_what_the_cleveland_indians.html [ May 22, 2014]</ref>.. According to Issue7, the sales tax on cigarettes and alcohol raised for next 20 years in order to repair and improve the Cleveland’s sports facilities. This sales tax is called “sin tax”, and this helps the city gather $260000000 during 20 years(Issue 7, May 2014). Cleveland City Council President,Kevin Kelley, said, “Continuing this small tax helps ensure that Cleveland will remain a major league city. Passage of Issue 7 means that our three major league sports facilities will be well-­maintained and will offer many, many more years of service for our residents.” <ref>Lesie. N (2014,May 7), “Issue 7 Wins ” Retrived:http://www.keepclevelandstrong.org/media/temp/5-29-2014/SF-Issue7-Victory.pdf [ May 22, 2014]</ref>

However, is it right to gather many money from citizens without pro sports teams spending not so much money? Shouldn't pro sports teams spend so much money?


=== The tax around F1 motor sports in India ===

In the world of [[F1]], which is the most famous motor sports, there has tax problems. One of major problems happened in India.

In 2011, though Indian GP was going to be held, then suddenly India government demanded F1 drivers to pay high income tax, and also demanded the F1 teams to pay high tariff when they import their equipments JP Sports International Limited (JPSI), which is the promoter of F1 in India, was very surprised at this, and said “We are supported about F1 event in Octorber by Indian government, sports ministry, and customs department.” <ref>Indo de kanzeimondai. F1 wa juuyou ibento to mitomerarezu. (There is a tariff problem in India. F1 can’t be recognized as important events). (2011, Sep 15). AUTO SPORT web, Retrieved: http://as-web.jp/news/info.php?c_id=1&no=36239 [May 28, 2014]</ref>However, they also said “If we have to pay, JPSI pays tariff when they import their equipments”

By the way, why India government demanded such high tax? India government said that F1 race isn’t important for India so that they don’t have to except the race from taxes.However, the government demands income taxes only to drivers, not to assistants. So India government seems to simply wants money.

The chairman of Formula One Teams Associations (FOTA) said “(To hold F1 race in India) has many problems, and drivers have much anxiety. Now we are dicussing the prpblems. We have to solve them before the race.”<ref>Indo no zeisei ni kunou suru F1.( F1 suffered from the tax system of India).(2011, Oct 4). ESPN Sports Media Ltd, Retrieved: http://ja.espnf1.com/india/motorsport/story/60402.html [May 28, 2014]</ref> and he was eager to hold the race.

At last, India government permitted to hold F1 race with no tax this year, but in 2014, F1 race isn’t held by the tax problem. Moreover, whether it is held or not in the future is undecided.


=== World rich pro sports teams ===

Since many years ago, pro sports teams have had much money.Especially, pro sports baseball, american football have big money.
The most richest pro sports team is UNITED STATES:DALLAS COWBOYS. This team is American football team. GDP=＄14.53 Trillion, Team Value=$ 1.81 Billion.
GUANGZHOU EVERGRANDE（CHINA）: GDP=$ 5.88 Trillion, Team Revennue=$ 288 Million(The Most, 2011). OMIURI GIANTS（JAPAN）: GDP=$ 5.46 Trillion, Team Revenue=$ 288 Million<ref>The Most Valuable Sports Teams from the Ten Richest Countries（October 6, 2011）
GUNAXIN.Retrived:
http://sports.gunaxin.com/valuable-sports-teams-10-richest-countries/102280[May 28, 2014] </ref>.
These facts show how DALLAS COWBOYS have a lot of money. This team is the most valuable team in this three years in United states of America<ref>The Most Valuable Sports Teams from the Ten Richest Countries（October 6, 2011）
GUNAXIN.Retrived:
http://sports.gunaxin.com/valuable-sports-teams-10-richest-countries/102280[May 28, 2014] 　</ref>.
American football team is the most richest team of all kinds of sports teams. They can get a lot of money as tax. However, people can not know whether they use money properly. This is big problem. We should make them open the detail of how they use the money that they get from the tax<ref>world richest football culbrevealed gulf owned clubs make a splash（2014, January 24）
gulfnews.com.Retrived:
http://gulfnews.com/sport/football/world-s-richest-football-clubs-revealed-gulf-owned-clubs-make-a-splash-1.128139[May 28, 2014]</ref>.
The rich sports teams have their own new big stadium. This studium often raises the income of the sports team. DALLAS COWBOYS and NEW YORK YANKEES have their own studiums. These teams are the 1st and 2nd valuable sports teams. They can get alot of money, if they have big studium. Big studium attracts alot of spectors.
But if they do not have a lot of money, they can not buy big studiam. So rich sports teams will become more rich and poor sports teams will be more poor.
=== FIFA World Cup in Brazil and money ===

In 2014,FIFA World Cup was hold in Brazil.People all over the world was looking forward to
watching and cheering world cup.World Cup costs a lot of money so many problem arise. <ref>Yasutoku. T (May 30, 2014). Increasing amount of money spent in World Cup Retrieved:http://news.livedoor.com/article/detail/8888777/[June 2, 2014]</ref>
June 19th in 2014,a large scale anti-government demonstration has occurred in such major
cities like Sao Paulo.More than 2000 people participated in this demonstration,this number is
highest since World Cup is hold. It is reported that they requested the government free of utility
bills.Some protesters seemed to be mob but they are put down by police immediately.<ref>Yasutoku. T (May 30, 2014). Increasing amount of money spent in World Cup Retrieved:http://news.livedoor.com/article/detail/8888777/[June 2, 2014]</ref>
Gap between the rich and the poor is growing in Brazil so anger to the government has
exploded in various places.Therefore,a lot of residents are against World Cup that use the money
in vain and collision have continued in various place still now. The Brazilian government has
been shot and killed people who are armed in the name of "mopping-up operation" but there is
no sign that the situation improved.<ref>Masaki. O (May 31, 2014)　Demo against World Cup Retrieved:http://saigaijyouhou.com/blog-entry-2896.html[June 2, 2014]</ref>（ FIFA (Federation Internationale de Football Association) announced in December last year that the total prize money of the World Cup in Brazil is 500 million $ 76 million. If this is Japanese
yen,it is (calculated at the rate of May 23) about 57.6 billion yen.Total prize money of the World
Cup has been increasing year by year and this World Cup is the highest since now.If one team
win,that team can get $ 35 million.It is about no less than 3.5 billion yen in Japanese yen and
even in second place,you can get approximately 2.5 billion yen ,$ 25 million .According to the
announcement of FIFA,even if you lose in the group stage, you can get $ 8 million (about 800
million yen).The participating countries, $ 1.5 million (about 150 million yen) will be paid as a
reserve in advance.Other, money is paid to the players as "insurance against injuries".It seemed
that this money is increased.By the way,Brazilian government announced that the total amount of
operating costs and preparation costs of World Cup is as many as about $ 11 billion.1.1 trillion
yen in Japanese yen.It is said that this is the highest amount of money.Tourism Authority of
Brazil has announced the "economic effect is one trillion yen or more".Can they really cover this
enormous money?It has been questioned.Brazilian said they don’t enjoy the benefits of world
cup.
While poverty spreads,whether there was need to pay a lot of money is questioned.Brazil
people to get angry can not be helped,can they? <ref>Masaki. O (May 31, 2014)　Demo against World Cup Retrieved:http://saigaijyouhou.com/blog-entry-2896.html[June 2, 2014]</ref>（


==See also==
==See also==

Revision as of 09:59, 4 December 2014

Professional sports, as opposed to amateur sports, are sports in which athletes receive payment for their performance. Professional athleticism has come to the fore through a combination of developments. Mass media and increased leisure have brought larger audiences, so that sports organizations or teams can command large incomes.[1] Professional sport is perhaps the only activity that defies the commercial norm whereby the media expect to be paid for carrying publicity for non-media organizations; in professional sport they are expected to pay for the privilege of doing so. As a result, more sportspeople can afford to make athleticism their primary career, devoting the training time necessary to increase skills, physical condition, and experience to modern levels of achievement.[1] This proficiency has also helped boost the popularity of sports.[1]

Most sports played professionally also have amateur players far outnumbering the professionals. Professional athleticism is seen by some as a contradiction of the central ethos of sport, competition performed for its own sake and pure enjoyment, rather than as a means of earning a living.[1] Consequently, many organisations and commentators have resisted the growth of professional athleticism, saying that it was so incredible that it has impeded the development of sport. For example, rugby union was for many years a part-time sport engaged in by amateurs, and English cricket has allegedly suffered in quality because of a "non-professional" approach.[1]

Sports salaries

People involved in professional sports can earn a great deal of money at the highest levels. For instance, the highest-paid team in professional baseball is New York Yankees.[2] Tiger Woods is the highest paid athlete totaling $127,902,706 including his endorsement income,[3] which massively exceeds what he earns from tournament golf. Woods recently became the world's first athlete to earn a billion dollars from prize money and endorsements.[4] It would have taken the salary of 2,000 1980s professional golfers each making $58,500 to match up with Tiger Woods’ current salary. Samuel Eto'o is the world's second highest earning athlete and the highest paid footballer in the world, raking in £35.7 million (over $54 million) a year excluding off-field earnings.[5] The top ten tennis players make about $3 million a year on average. Much of the growth in income for sports and athletes has come from broadcasting rights; for example, the most recent television contract for the NFL is valued at nearly US$5 billion per year.[6]

Outside of the highest leagues, however, the money professional athletes can earn drops dramatically, as fan bases are generally smaller and television revenues are nonexistent. For instance, while the National Football League's teams can afford to pay their players millions of dollars each year and still maintain a significant profit, the second-highest American football league in the United States, the United Football League, has consistently struggled to pay its bills and has continually lost money despite allotting its players only US$20,000 a year.[7][8][9] In the United States and Canada, most lower-end professional leagues run themselves as affiliated farm teams, effectively agreeing to develop younger players for eventual play in the major leagues in exchange for subsidizing those players' salaries; this is known as the minor league system and is most prevalent in professional baseball and professional ice hockey. Otherwise, the league may be required to classify itself as semi-professional, in other words, able to pay their players a small sum, but not enough to cover the player's basic costs of living.

American football

Main article: Professional football (gridiron)

In the NFL average salaries by position in 2009 were:[10]

Association football

China Chinese Super League
  • The average salary of a player in the Chinese Super League was about ¥10.7 million (£1 million) for the 2011 season, up from ¥600,000 in the 2010 season.[11] The highest paid player for the 2011 Chinese Super League season was Dario Conca of Guangzhou Evergrande who received an annual salary of ¥66.4 million ($10.5 million) after income tax, putting him among the highest paid players in the world.[12]
Russia Russian Premier League
  • The highest paid player for the 2011-2012 Russian Premier League season was Samuel Eto'o of Anzhi Makhachkala, who at the end of the 2011-12 season was expected to receive a total salary of RUB 900.2 million (£35.7 million) after income tax, making Eto'o the second highest earning athlete in the world and the highest paid footballer in the world followed by Lionel Messi and Zlatan Ibrahimović.[5][13][14]
Germany Bundesliga
  • The average salary of a player in the German Bundesliga was about €3.3 million (£2.5 million) for the 2010-2011 season, up from €2.5 million in the 2009-2010 Bundesliga season.[15] The highest paid player for the 2010-2011 Bundesliga season was Franck Ribéry of Bayern Munich who received a salary of €6.3 million after income tax.[16]
Italy Serie A
  • In the Italian top league, Serie A, the average salary was about €5 million for the 2010-2011 Serie A season, up from €1 million in the 2005-2006 Serie A season.[17] The highest paid player for the 2010-2011 Serie A season was Zlatan Ibrahimović of A.C. Milan who received a salary of €25.9 million after income tax and which also includes Ibrahimović's bonuses and endorsements.[18]
Spain La Liga
England Premier League
  • The average salary of a player in the English Premier League was about £1.2 million in the 2007-2008 Premier League season, up from £676,000 in 2006-2007 Premier League season. Top players such as John Terry and Steven Gerrard can make up to £7 million per year with the players of Premier League club Manchester City F.C. receiving an average salary of £7 million for the 2010-2011 Premier League season, up from £5.5 million in the 2009-2010 Premier League season.[20][21] Players in lower divisions make significantly less money. In 2006-2007 season the average salary of a player in the Championship (the second tier of the English football pyramid) made £195,750 while the average salary for League One (tier 3) was £67,850 and League Two (tier 4) was £49,600.[20]
CanadaUnited States Major League Soccer
  • David Beckham's salary of $6 million[22] is the highest in Major League Soccer and about fifty times the average MLS base salary of $115,000.[23] Beckham's salary is more than double that of the MLS per-team salary cap of $2.55 million for 2010; however, under MLS' Designated Player Rule, instituted in 2007 for the purpose of attracting stars of Beckham's stature, each team is allowed to sign three players (originally one) for any salary that will count for only US$335,000 each of cap room.[23] Beckham was the first player signed under this rule.[23]

Baseball

In 1970, the average salary in Major League Baseball in the U.S. and Canada was $20,000 ($156,915 inflation-adjusted). By 2005, the average salary had increased to $2,632,655 ($4,107,103 inflation-adjusted) and the minimum salary was $316,000 (adjusted: $492,979).[24] In 2012 the average MLB salary was $3,440,000, the median salary was $1,075,000, and the minimum salary had grown to four times the inflation-adjusted average salary in 1970 ($480,000).[25]


Introduction

In this article, we will explain about big money surrounding pro sports team.Today there are many pro sports teams in the world. These teams have much money.But we can not know whether they use money properly. We talk about this problem.


Examples

Cleveland’s sports team and tax

In this paragragh, I talk about what happened in Cleveland, States of Ohio.

In the Beginning, I talk about the system of the city and the major sports team in Cleveland. Three major sports teams has set their home field to Cleveland. Three major sports teams is the Cleveland Browns(NFL), the Cleveland Indians(MLB), the Cleveland Cavaliers(NBA). The Browns’ home is FirstEnergy Stadium, the Indians’ home is Progressive Field, and the Cavaliers’ home is Quicken Loans Arena. The city of Cleveland owns First Energy Stadium, and the nonprofit Gateway Economic Development Corporation manages Progressive Field, and Quicken Loans Arena. and, the city owes the Browns’ home field, so the Browns only pay $250000 a year for rent when they match other teams in that field eight times a year. The Indians and the Cavaliers must pay operating cost for Gateway and also must pay maintaining and reparing cost for facilities. In 2013, the Indians paid $2000000 for operating cost and paid $2400000 for reparing cost, so they paid $4400000 for total rent. And, the Cavaliers paid $1600000 for reparing cost and $966000 for reparing cost,so they paid $2566000 for total rent [26].


Then, I talk about what happend in Cleveland on May 2014. On May 7th, voters in Cleveland passed the Issue 7 [27].. According to Issue7, the sales tax on cigarettes and alcohol raised for next 20 years in order to repair and improve the Cleveland’s sports facilities. This sales tax is called “sin tax”, and this helps the city gather $260000000 during 20 years(Issue 7, May 2014). Cleveland City Council President,Kevin Kelley, said, “Continuing this small tax helps ensure that Cleveland will remain a major league city. Passage of Issue 7 means that our three major league sports facilities will be well-­maintained and will offer many, many more years of service for our residents.” [28]

However, is it right to gather many money from citizens without pro sports teams spending not so much money? Shouldn't pro sports teams spend so much money?


The tax around F1 motor sports in India

In the world of F1, which is the most famous motor sports, there has tax problems. One of major problems happened in India.

In 2011, though Indian GP was going to be held, then suddenly India government demanded F1 drivers to pay high income tax, and also demanded the F1 teams to pay high tariff when they import their equipments JP Sports International Limited (JPSI), which is the promoter of F1 in India, was very surprised at this, and said “We are supported about F1 event in Octorber by Indian government, sports ministry, and customs department.” [29]However, they also said “If we have to pay, JPSI pays tariff when they import their equipments”

By the way, why India government demanded such high tax? India government said that F1 race isn’t important for India so that they don’t have to except the race from taxes.However, the government demands income taxes only to drivers, not to assistants. So India government seems to simply wants money.

The chairman of Formula One Teams Associations (FOTA) said “(To hold F1 race in India) has many problems, and drivers have much anxiety. Now we are dicussing the prpblems. We have to solve them before the race.”[30] and he was eager to hold the race.

At last, India government permitted to hold F1 race with no tax this year, but in 2014, F1 race isn’t held by the tax problem. Moreover, whether it is held or not in the future is undecided.


World rich pro sports teams

Since many years ago, pro sports teams have had much money.Especially, pro sports baseball, american football have big money. The most richest pro sports team is UNITED STATES:DALLAS COWBOYS. This team is American football team. GDP=＄14.53 Trillion, Team Value=$ 1.81 Billion. GUANGZHOU EVERGRANDE（CHINA）: GDP=$ 5.88 Trillion, Team Revennue=$ 288 Million(The Most, 2011). OMIURI GIANTS（JAPAN）: GDP=$ 5.46 Trillion, Team Revenue=$ 288 Million[31]. These facts show how DALLAS COWBOYS have a lot of money. This team is the most valuable team in this three years in United states of America[32]. American football team is the most richest team of all kinds of sports teams. They can get a lot of money as tax. However, people can not know whether they use money properly. This is big problem. We should make them open the detail of how they use the money that they get from the tax[33]. The rich sports teams have their own new big stadium. This studium often raises the income of the sports team. DALLAS COWBOYS and NEW YORK YANKEES have their own studiums. These teams are the 1st and 2nd valuable sports teams. They can get alot of money, if they have big studium. Big studium attracts alot of spectors. But if they do not have a lot of money, they can not buy big studiam. So rich sports teams will become more rich and poor sports teams will be more poor.

FIFA World Cup in Brazil and money

In 2014,FIFA World Cup was hold in Brazil.People all over the world was looking forward to watching and cheering world cup.World Cup costs a lot of money so many problem arise. [34] June 19th in 2014,a large scale anti-government demonstration has occurred in such major cities like Sao Paulo.More than 2000 people participated in this demonstration,this number is highest since World Cup is hold. It is reported that they requested the government free of utility bills.Some protesters seemed to be mob but they are put down by police immediately.[35] Gap between the rich and the poor is growing in Brazil so anger to the government has exploded in various places.Therefore,a lot of residents are against World Cup that use the money in vain and collision have continued in various place still now. The Brazilian government has been shot and killed people who are armed in the name of "mopping-up operation" but there is no sign that the situation improved.[36]（ FIFA (Federation Internationale de Football Association) announced in December last year that the total prize money of the World Cup in Brazil is 500 million $ 76 million. If this is Japanese yen,it is (calculated at the rate of May 23) about 57.6 billion yen.Total prize money of the World Cup has been increasing year by year and this World Cup is the highest since now.If one team win,that team can get $ 35 million.It is about no less than 3.5 billion yen in Japanese yen and even in second place,you can get approximately 2.5 billion yen ,$ 25 million .According to the announcement of FIFA,even if you lose in the group stage, you can get $ 8 million (about 800 million yen).The participating countries, $ 1.5 million (about 150 million yen) will be paid as a reserve in advance.Other, money is paid to the players as "insurance against injuries".It seemed that this money is increased.By the way,Brazilian government announced that the total amount of operating costs and preparation costs of World Cup is as many as about $ 11 billion.1.1 trillion yen in Japanese yen.It is said that this is the highest amount of money.Tourism Authority of Brazil has announced the "economic effect is one trillion yen or more".Can they really cover this enormous money?It has been questioned.Brazilian said they don’t enjoy the benefits of world cup. While poverty spreads,whether there was need to pay a lot of money is questioned.Brazil people to get angry can not be helped,can they? [37]（

See also

Lists of professional sports

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Andy Miah Sport & the Extreme Spectacle: Technological Dependence and Human Limits (PDF) Unpublished manuscript, 1998
  2. ^ Team Salaries
  3. ^ « The World's Highest-Paid Athletes », peoplestar.co.uk, Retrieved on 2010-10-11.
  4. ^ Underwood, Harry (October 1, 2009). "Tiger Woods becomes sport's first billionaire". TheWeek.co.uk. Retrieved November 21, 2011.
  5. ^ a b "Samuel Eto'o to become world's highest earning footballer if he passes medical with Anzhi Makhachkala". The Telegraph. 24 August 2011. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
  6. ^ "NFL renews television deals". ESPN. Associated Press. December 14, 2011. Retrieved December 14, 2011.
  7. ^ "Agent: Three UFL players haven't been paid yet," from The Virginian-Pilot, 10/3/2012
  8. ^ Davidson, Joe (October 10, 2012). Unpaid player salaries add to uncertainty for Mountain Lions, UFL. Sacramento Bee. Retrieved October 10, 2012.
  9. ^ La Canfora, Jason (2010-12-30). Checks on the way, UFL commissioner tells unpaid players. NFL.com. Retrieved 2011-01-02.
  10. ^ Sports illustrated
  11. ^ Anelka's Shanghai Shenhua contract draws mixed reaction. Mail & Guardian. December 12, 2011. Retrieved December 26, 2011.
  12. ^ "Conca Smashes Chinese Transfer Record". ESPN Soccernet. 3 July 2011. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
  13. ^ "Samuel Eto'o in £21.8m move from Internazionale to Anzhi Makhachkala". Guardian. 23 August 2011. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
  14. ^ "Russian club close the deal to sign Samuel Eto'o". BBC Sport. 23 August 2011. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
  15. ^ "200 best-paying teams in the world". sports.espn.go.com. ESPN. 20 April 2011. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
  16. ^ "Ribery is best paid player in Bundesliga: Bild". Agence France-Presse. 21 August 2010. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
  17. ^ La Kassandra Template:It icon
  18. ^ World's top 10 highest paid soccer players. Fox Sports. August 22, 2011. Retrieved December 6, 2011.
  19. ^ a b Davey Becks no longer the worlds best paid footballer. sports.yahoo.com. Retrieved December 6, 2011.
  20. ^ a b Independent.co.uk The average salary of a Premiership footballer in 2006. The Independent. Retrieved 6 December 2011.
  21. ^ Premier league Salaries
  22. ^ Highest Paid Athlete Soccer
  23. ^ a b c Soccernet.espn.com MLS' Designated Player Rule. Soccernet.espn.com (ESPN). Retrieved December 6, 2011.
  24. ^ Baseball Almanac
  25. ^ Baseball's average salary goes up to $3.44M
  26. ^ Naymik, M (2014, May 1). See what the Indians , Cavs and Browns pay to play at city’s sin tax-founded sports faxcilities, Cleveland.com Retrived: http://www.cleveland.com/naymik/index.ssf/2014/05/see_what_the_cleveland_indians.html [ May 22, 2014]
  27. ^ Naymik, M (2014, May 1). See what the Indians , Cavs and Browns pay to play at city’s sin tax-founded sports faxcilities, Cleveland.com Retrived: http://www.cleveland.com/naymik/index.ssf/2014/05/see_what_the_cleveland_indians.html [ May 22, 2014]
  28. ^ Lesie. N (2014,May 7), “Issue 7 Wins ” Retrived:http://www.keepclevelandstrong.org/media/temp/5-29-2014/SF-Issue7-Victory.pdf [ May 22, 2014]
  29. ^ Indo de kanzeimondai. F1 wa juuyou ibento to mitomerarezu. (There is a tariff problem in India. F1 can’t be recognized as important events). (2011, Sep 15). AUTO SPORT web, Retrieved: http://as-web.jp/news/info.php?c_id=1&no=36239 [May 28, 2014]
  30. ^ Indo no zeisei ni kunou suru F1.( F1 suffered from the tax system of India).(2011, Oct 4). ESPN Sports Media Ltd, Retrieved: http://ja.espnf1.com/india/motorsport/story/60402.html [May 28, 2014]
  31. ^ The Most Valuable Sports Teams from the Ten Richest Countries（October 6, 2011） GUNAXIN.Retrived: http://sports.gunaxin.com/valuable-sports-teams-10-richest-countries/102280[May 28, 2014]
  32. ^ The Most Valuable Sports Teams from the Ten Richest Countries（October 6, 2011） GUNAXIN.Retrived: http://sports.gunaxin.com/valuable-sports-teams-10-richest-countries/102280[May 28, 2014] 　
  33. ^ world richest football culbrevealed gulf owned clubs make a splash（2014, January 24） gulfnews.com.Retrived: http://gulfnews.com/sport/football/world-s-richest-football-clubs-revealed-gulf-owned-clubs-make-a-splash-1.128139[May 28, 2014]
  34. ^ Yasutoku. T (May 30, 2014). Increasing amount of money spent in World Cup Retrieved:http://news.livedoor.com/article/detail/8888777/[June 2, 2014]
  35. ^ Yasutoku. T (May 30, 2014). Increasing amount of money spent in World Cup Retrieved:http://news.livedoor.com/article/detail/8888777/[June 2, 2014]
  36. ^ Masaki. O (May 31, 2014)　Demo against World Cup Retrieved:http://saigaijyouhou.com/blog-entry-2896.html[June 2, 2014]
  37. ^ Masaki. O (May 31, 2014)　Demo against World Cup Retrieved:http://saigaijyouhou.com/blog-entry-2896.html[June 2, 2014]
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