Junk food: Difference between revisions
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[[File:USMC-100629-M-3215R-002.jpg|thumb|200px|A poster at Camp Pendleton’s 21-Area Health Promotion Center describes the effects of junk food that many Marines and sailors consume.]] |
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'''Junk food''' is a derisive [[slang]] term for food that is of little [[nutritional value]] and often high in [[fat]], [[sugar]], [[salt]], and [[calorie]]s.<ref>{{cite web|title=How to Junk a Junk-Food Diet|url=http://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?ContentTypeID=1&ContentID=4207|website=University of Rochester Medical Center|publisher=University of Rochester Medical Center|accessdate=17 October 2014}}</ref><ref>[http://www.diet.com/g/glossary Glossary<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&safe=off&client=firefox-a&hs=blB&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official&q=junk+food&tbs=dfn:1&tbo=u&sa=X&ei=VLQgToj7KObf0QGfpPTJAw&ved=0CEsQkQ4 junk food - Google Search<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> It is widely believed that the term was coined by [[Michael Jacobson]], director of the [[Center for Science in the Public Interest]], in 1972.<ref name="BBC News 1">{{cite news|last=O'Neill|first=Brendon|title=Is this what you call junk food?|publisher=[[BBC News]]|date=November 30, 2006|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/magazine/6187234.stm |accessdate=June 29, 2010}}</ref> |
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Junk foods typically contain high levels of calories from sugar or fat with little [[Protein (nutrient)|protein]], [[vitamins]] or [[Dietary mineral|minerals]]. Foods commonly considered junk foods include salted [[snack food]]s, [[Chewing gum|gum]], [[candy]], sweet [[dessert]]s, [[Deep frying|fried]] [[fast food]], and sugary [[carbonated beverages]].<ref name="Ask the Dietitian">Larsen, Joeanne; MS, RD, LD http://www.dietitian.com/junkfood.html</ref> Many foods such as [[hamburgers]], [[pizza]], and [[taco]]s can be considered either healthy or junk food depending on their ingredients and preparation methods.<ref name="notjunk">{{cite web | url=http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/10/131031103307.htm | title=Pizza perfect! A nutritional overhaul of 'junk food,' ready-meals is possible | publisher=ScienceDaily | date=31 October 2013 | accessdate=14 November 2014 | author=University of Glasgow}}</ref> The more highly [[Processed food|processed]] items usually fall under the junk food category.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/linda-larrowe-bergersen/what-makes-a-food-ijunki_b_663571.html | work=Huffington Post | title=What Makes a Food Junk? | date=4 August 2010}}</ref> What is and is not junk food can also depend on the person's class and social status, with wealthier people tending to have a broader definition while lower-income consumers may see fewer foods as junk food, especially certain ethnic foods. |
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Despite being labeled as "[[Waste|junk]]," consuming such foods usually does not pose any immediate health concerns and is generally safe when integrated into a well balanced diet.<ref>[http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-junk-food.htm What Is Junk Food? (with pictures)<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>[http://www.webmd.com/diet/features/junk-food-facts Junk-Food Facts<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> "A high ratio of [[television ads]] for junk foods" was a cause of alarm for the [[McGovern committee]] in 1977.<ref>Warren Belasco (1989) ''Appetite for Change: how the counterculture took on the food industry 1966 — 1988'', page 150, [[Pantheon Books]] ISBN 0394543998</ref> |
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== Health effects == |
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A study by Paul Johnson and Paul Kenny at the [[Scripps Research Institute]] in 2008 suggested that junk food consumption alters brain activity in a manner similar to addictive drugs like [[cocaine]] and [[heroin]].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Johnson|first1=Paul M.|last2=Kenny|first2=Paul J.|title=Addiction-like reward dysfunction and compulsive eating in obese rats: Role for dopamine D2 receptors|journal=[[Nature Neuroscience]]|volume=13|pages=635–41|year=2010|doi=10.1038/nn.2519|pmid=20348917|issue=5|pmc=2947358}}</ref> After many weeks with unlimited access to junk food, the pleasure centers of rat brains became desensitized, requiring more food for pleasure. After the junk food was taken away and replaced with a [[healthy diet]], the rats starved for two weeks instead of eating nutritious fare.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Goodwin|first1=Jennifer|title=Junk Food 'Addiction' May Be Real|url=http://www.businessweek.com/lifestyle/content/healthday/637430.html|website=Bloomberg Business Week|publisher=BLOOMBERG L.P.|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20120419100818/http://www.businessweek.com/lifestyle/content/healthday/637430.html|archivedate=19 April 2012|date=March 29, 2010}}</ref> A 2007 ''[[British Journal of Nutrition]]'' study found that female rats who eat junk food during pregnancy increased the likelihood of unhealthy eating habits in their offspring.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/6940852.stm Craving for junk food 'inherited' Mothers who eat junk food during pregnancy may be condemning their children to crave the same diet, according to animal tests.] ''BBC News.'' 14 August 2007.</ref> |
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==Taxation== |
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{{See also|Soda tax}} |
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In an attempt to reduce [[saturated fat]] consumption, from December 2011 to November 2012 [[Denmark]] introduced the first fat-food tax in the world by imposing a surcharge on all foods (including natural ingredients) that contain more than 2.3 percent saturated fat.<ref name="WSJ">{{cite news| url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887323894704578113120622763136.html?KEYWORDS=denmark+fat+tax#articleTabs%3Darticle| title=Denmark Scraps Much-Maligned 'Fat Tax' After a Year| author=Clemens Bomsdorf| accessdate=2012-11-14|| work=The Wall Street Journal}}</ref> [[Hungary]] has also imposed a tax on packaged foods that contain unhealthy concentrations, such as beverages containing more than 20 mg of [[caffeine]] per 100 ml.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2011/12/17/welcoming-age-disease-prevention.html|title=Welcoming the age of disease prevention|date=December 17, 2011}}</ref> |
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Norway taxes refined sugar, and Mexico has various excises on unhealthy food. |
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==See also== |
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{{Portal|Food}} |
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* [[Comfort food]] |
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* [[Glutamic acid (flavor)]], common flavoring compounds and their synthetic versions, which may be added to some processed foods, to boost their savoriness |
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* [[Health food]], foods that tend to be nutrient rich, and may be eaten for their potential benefits to health |
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* [[List of food additives]] |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist|30em}} |
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==Further reading== |
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*{{cite web|url=http://www.ip-watch.org/2014/06/11/un-advisor-denounces-junk-food-as-culprit-in-rising-ncds-calls-for-change/|title=UN Advisor Denounces Junk Food As ‘Culprit’ In Rising NCDs, Calls For Change|last=Saez|first=Catherine|date=11 June 2014|publisher=Intellectual Property Watch|accessdate=24 August 2014}} |
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==External links== |
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* [http://snackertainment.com International Junk and Snack Food Review] |
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* [http://wik.ed.uiuc.edu/index.php/Junk_Food,_Marketing,_and_Behavior Junk Food, Marketing, and Behavior] |
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* [http://www.dailyspark.com/blog.asp?post=the_10_worst_foods_of_2010 The 10 Worst Foods of 2010] |
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* [http://www.dietpolicy.com/diets-articles/junk-food-facts.htm Junk food facts and its effects] |
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[[Category:Snack foods]] |
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[[Category:Fast food]] |
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[[Category:Criticism of fast food]] |
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[[Category:Nutrition]] |
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[[Category:Dysphemisms]] |
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Revision as of 14:43, 11 December 2014
[[OI CCHAD LEAVE IT OUT GINGE