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File:Pyrrhura molinae (cinnamon) -KL Bird Park-6a.jpg|Cinnamon mutation
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File:Pyrrhura molinae -pineapple mutation -50 days old-6b.jpg|Pineapple mutation (juvenile)
Image:2008-02-10 Uroko-vivi.jpg|Turquoise mutation<br>(wing-clipped adult)
File:Yellow sided green cheek Conure.jpg|Yellow-sided green-cheek mutation<ref>{{cite web|url=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Yellow_sided_green_cheek_Conure.jpg|title=Yellow sided green cheek conure|accessdate=2013-10-20|publisher=Commons.wikimedia.org}}</ref>
File:Yellow sided green cheek Conure.jpg|Yellow-sided green-cheek mutation<ref>{{cite web|url=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Yellow_sided_green_cheek_Conure.jpg|title=Yellow sided green cheek conure|accessdate=2013-10-20|publisher=Commons.wikimedia.org}}</ref>
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Revision as of 05:46, 15 December 2014

Green-cheeked parakeet
Pyrrhura molinae molinae
at Kuala Lumpur Bird Park, Malaysia
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Aves
Order:
Psittaciformes
Superfamily:
Psittacoidea
Family:
Psittacidae
Subfamily:
Arinae
Tribe:
Arini
Genus:
Pyrrhura
Species:
P. molinae
Binomial name
Pyrrhura molinae
Approximate range. Now also confirmed for lined area[1]

The green-cheeked conure (Pyrrhura molinae) is a small parrot of the genus Pyrrhura, which is part of a long-tailed group of the New World parrot subfamily Arinae. This type of parrot is generally called a conure in aviculture. It is native to the forests of South America.

Description

The green-cheeked conure is typically 26 cm (10 in) long and weighs 60 to 80 g. It is mainly green, with a brown/black/grey crown, white periophthalmic rings, green cheeks, blue primary wing feathers, a grey beak, and its long pointed tail is mostly maroon. It has short transverse striations on its breast and a red abdominal area. Males and females have an identical external appearance.[2]

Taxonomy

The green-cheeked Conure has six subspecies:[2][3]

  • Pyrrhura molinae, (Massena & Souance 1854)
    • P. m. australis, Todd 1915
    • P. m. flavoptera, Maijer, Herzog, Kessler, Friggens & Fjeldsa 1998
    • P. m. hypoxantha,(Salvadori 1899)
    • P. m. molinae, (Massena & Souance 1854)
    • P. m. phoenicura, (Schlegel 1864)
    • P. m. restricta, Todd 1947

P. m. sordida naturally occurs as a green morph or as a yellow morph,[2] the yellow morph is also called the Yellow-sided Conure[4] and was once erroneously considered to be a separate species, P. hypoxantha.[5] As P. hypoxantha was described before P. m. sordida the older name goes first, therefore P. m. sordida is called P. m. hypoxantha these days.

The green-cheeked parakeet is similar to the maroon-bellied parrot (P. frontalis),[4] and formerly there have been speculations that they were conspecific.[5] It is also similar in appearance to the blaze-winged parrot and the black-capped parrot.[4]

Distribution and habitat

The green-cheeked conure occurs in west-central and southern Mato Grosso, Brazil, through northern and eastern Bolivia to northwestern Argentina and northern Paraguay. Its habitat is forests and woodland, where it usually forms flocks of 10 to 20 individuals at treetop level, or larger flocks where there is more food. It is also emerging as a popular pet for families and individuals.[4]

Behavior

Scratching his neck with a corn cob (an example of tool use).

The green-cheeked conure eats various seeds and fruits. The average clutch is 4–6 eggs. Average incubation is 24 days, varying from 22 to 25 days. They are the quietest of the conures and can learn tricks and have a limited vocabulary, with extensive training.[6]

Aviculture

A wing-clipped adult yellow-sided green-cheeked parrot, yellow morph P. m. sordida. Note the lighter coloration.

Green-cheeked parrots are common in aviculture and are popular companion parrots. They are playful, affectionate and intelligent, known as having a "big personality in a small body". They can learn to talk, albeit with a limited vocabulary and a gravelly voice. They like to be held (although some like it more than others) and can learn tricks such as lying on their backs, "kissing," shaking, hanging upside down and even can be potty trained. Green-cheeked parrots are quiet, so even a unit dweller can enjoy their companionship.[7] They can be prone to biting, particularly when young, but an owner can cure this behavior with patience and time.

They love fruits, (especially bananas and raisins), and seeds such as sunflower, safflower, and hemp seeds—all found in their natural environments. Green-cheeked parrots also love table food—they are flock animals and love to eat with their family. They can eat potatoes, carrots, corn, bread, pasta, and plain popcorn. A clipped and/or caged bird can become obese from eating too many fatty seeds such as sunflower seeds and peanuts. A bird-pellet diet with a calcium supplement provides proper nutrition and should comprise 60-70% of their diet.[8] A good rule of thumb is 70% pellet diet, 20% fruit and vegetables and <10% treat items. Parrots with health problems related to the kidneys should not be fed a high protein diet, as it may lead to gout;[9] veterinarian prescribed low-protein diets are available for birds with such conditions. Green-cheeked parrots can live to 30 years with proper care, though the average lifespan is typically 10 years due to owner neglect.[10]

Colour mutations

In addition to the natural color forms, color mutants have been selectively bred in aviculture:

  • Cinnamon are lime green and have a lighter, almost pale color to the feathers. The head is tan and the tail feathers are a lighter maroon than in normal green-cheeked parrots.
  • Yellow-sided have a breast of bright colors.
  • Pineapple is cinnamon and yellow-sided combination. They have a breast of bright colors, a tan head and lime green feathers on the back like a cinnamon green-cheeked parrot. The tail feathers are the same as a yellow-sided, showing a halo effect.
  • Turquoise have a body with some blue-green and green feathers. The breast feathers are grayish and the tail feathers are gray.
  • Cinnamon mutation
    Cinnamon mutation
  • Pineapple mutation (juvenile)
    Pineapple mutation (juvenile)
  • Yellow-sided green-cheek mutation[11]
    Yellow-sided green-cheek mutation[11]

A green/red/blue apple mutation is not very common but has been seen.

References

  1. ^ a b Template:IUCN
  2. ^ a b c Forshaw (2006). plate 85.
  3. ^ "Zoological Nomenclature Resource: Psittaciformes (Version 9.026)". Zoonomen.net. 2009-07-26.
  4. ^ a b c d Forshaw (2006). page 114.
  5. ^ a b Juniper; Parr (1998). Parrots: A Guide to Parrots of the World. p. 462. ISBN 0-300-07453-0.
  6. ^ Lara. "The Green Cheek Conure Homepage". Gcch.tripod.com. Retrieved 2013-10-17.
  7. ^ "Specialist Breeders - Birds for Sale - All About Green Cheek Conures". All About Birds. Retrieved 2013-01-15.
  8. ^ "Green Cheek Conure" (PDF). Petco.com. Retrieved 2013-10-20.
  9. ^ "Gout in Pet Birds". 2ndchance.info. Retrieved 2013-10-20.
  10. ^ "Green Cheeked Conure". Central Pets Educational Foundation. Web Archive Copy. Archived from the original on 2008-02-12.
  11. ^ "Yellow sided green cheek conure". Commons.wikimedia.org. Retrieved 2013-10-20.

Works cited

Wikimedia Commons has media related to pyrrhura molinae.
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