First Battle of Rivas: Difference between revisions
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{{Campaignbox William Walker in Nicaragua}} |
{{Campaignbox William Walker in Nicaragua}} |
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The '''First Battle of Rivas''' occurred on June 29, 1855 as part of the struggle to resist [[William Walker (filibuster)|William Walker]], an [[United States|American]] [[filibuster (military)|filibuster]], adventurer |
The '''First Battle of Rivas''' occurred on June 29, 1855, as part of the struggle to resist [[William Walker (filibuster)|William Walker]], an [[United States|American]] [[filibuster (military)|filibuster]], adventurer and [[mercenary|soldier of fortune]] who arrived in Nicaragua with a small army of mercenaries in June 1855 in support of the democratic government of General Castellon in the Nicaraguan civil war. |
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His army with local support was able to defeat the Legitimist party (Aristocratic) and conclude the Nicaraguan civil war. {{Dubious|date=February 2009}} |
His army, with local support, was able to defeat the Legitimist party (Aristocratic) and conclude the Nicaraguan civil war. {{Dubious|date=February 2009}} |
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==Background== |
==Background== |
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A [[civil war]] was then raging in the [[Central America]]n republic of [[Nicaragua]]. |
A [[civil war]] was then raging in the [[Central America]]n republic of [[Nicaragua]]. The Liberal party (Democratic) and the Legitimist party (Aristocratic), were constantly warring with one another as they tried to gain political control through violent means. “During a period of six years Nicaragua had had no fewer than fifteen presidents.”<ref name="CostaRicain1856">{{cite web |date=May 17, 2000|url = http://jrscience.wcp.muohio.edu/FieldCourses00/PapersCostaRicaArticles/CostaRicain1856.Defeating.html|title = Costa Rica in 1856: Defeating William Walker While Creating a National Identity.|publisher = | accessdate = April 3, 2008 | last=Lisa Tirmenstein |quote=}}{{rs}}</ref> |
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==William Walker== |
==William Walker== |
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{{Main|William Walker (filibuster)}} |
{{Main|William Walker (filibuster)}} |
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Walker was part of a failed attempt to conquer the [[Mexico|Mexican]] territories of [[Baja California (peninsula)|Baja California]] and [[Sonora]]. In [[California]], he was put on [[trial (law)|trial]] for conducting an illegal war. In the era of [[Manifest Destiny]], his filibustering project was popular in the southern and western United States and the jury took eight minutes to acquit him. |
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While |
While working as an editor at a local paper in America, Walker came to know Byron Cole.<ref name="nytimes">{{cite web |date=January 5, 1860|url = http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?_r=1&res=9A07EED91738E63ABC4D53DFB766838B679FDE&oref=slogin|title = FILLIBUSTERING IN NICARAGUA.; Gen. Walker's Revelations.|format = PDF|work = [[New York Times]]| accessdate = April 3, 2008 | last= |quote=}}</ref> Cole had lived for several years in Central America, including Nicaragua. He convinced Walker that, because of the ongoing civil war in the country, Nicaragua would be the perfect place to start an empire. Walker agreed and sent Cole to Nicaragua on August 15, 1854, to negotiate with the local parties.<ref name="nytimes"/> Cole was able to enter into an agreement with revolutionary Castellon whereby Walker was authorized to engage three hundred men for military duty in Nicaragua. The men would be paid a monthly wage and a certain amount of land after the campaign finished. |
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When Cole returned to America, Walker balked at the terms as it would violate the |
When Cole returned to America, Walker balked at the terms as it would violate the Neutrality Act of 1818.<ref name="nytimes"/> However, he told Cole that if he returned to Nicaragua and was able to get from Castellon a contract of colonization, Walker could act. Cole sailed a second time to meet Castellon and was able to get the colonization grant and an act stating that Walker's men would be guaranteed forever the privilege of bearing arms.<ref name="nytimes"/> |
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Walker sailed from San Francisco on May 3, 1855<ref name="sfmuseum">{{cite web |date=February 1919|url = http://www.sfmuseum.org/hist1/walker.html|title = California Filibusters: A History of their Expeditions into Hispanic America|publisher = |
Walker sailed from San Francisco on May 3, 1855,<ref name="sfmuseum">{{cite web |date=February 1919|url = http://www.sfmuseum.org/hist1/walker.html|work=The Grizzly Bear ''Vol. '''XXI.''', No. 4''|title = California Filibusters: A History of their Expeditions into Hispanic America|publisher = Native Sons and Native Daughters of the Golden West| accessdate = April 3, 2008 | author= Fanny Juda|quote=}}</ref> with 57 men, to be reinforced by 170 locals and about 100 Americans upon landing, including the then well-known explorer and journalist [[Charles Wilkins Webber]]. |
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On September 1, Walker defeated the Nicaraguan national army at La Virgen and, a month later, conquered the capital of [[Granada, Nicaragua|Granada]] and took control of the country. |
On September 1, Walker defeated the Nicaraguan national army at La Virgen and, a month later, conquered the capital of [[Granada, Nicaragua|Granada]] and took control of the country. |
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footnotes using the: <ref>, </ref> and <reference /> tags |
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{{Reflist|2}} |
{{Reflist|2}} |
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Revision as of 12:08, 17 January 2015
 | This article's factual accuracy is disputed. (February 2009) |
| First Battle of Rivas | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of William Walker conquest of Central America | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 Nicaraguan rebel forces Liberal party (Democratic)Filibuster mercenary/adventurer army |
Nicaraguan national army Legitimist party (Aristocratic) | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
|
General Castellon William Walker | Chamorra government | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| 327 | |||||||
The First Battle of Rivas occurred on June 29, 1855, as part of the struggle to resist William Walker, an American filibuster, adventurer and soldier of fortune who arrived in Nicaragua with a small army of mercenaries in June 1855 in support of the democratic government of General Castellon in the Nicaraguan civil war.
His army, with local support, was able to defeat the Legitimist party (Aristocratic) and conclude the Nicaraguan civil war. [dubious – discuss]
Background
A civil war was then raging in the Central American republic of Nicaragua. The Liberal party (Democratic) and the Legitimist party (Aristocratic), were constantly warring with one another as they tried to gain political control through violent means. “During a period of six years Nicaragua had had no fewer than fifteen presidents.”[1]
William Walker
Walker was part of a failed attempt to conquer the Mexican territories of Baja California and Sonora. In California, he was put on trial for conducting an illegal war. In the era of Manifest Destiny, his filibustering project was popular in the southern and western United States and the jury took eight minutes to acquit him.
While working as an editor at a local paper in America, Walker came to know Byron Cole.[2] Cole had lived for several years in Central America, including Nicaragua. He convinced Walker that, because of the ongoing civil war in the country, Nicaragua would be the perfect place to start an empire. Walker agreed and sent Cole to Nicaragua on August 15, 1854, to negotiate with the local parties.[2] Cole was able to enter into an agreement with revolutionary Castellon whereby Walker was authorized to engage three hundred men for military duty in Nicaragua. The men would be paid a monthly wage and a certain amount of land after the campaign finished.
When Cole returned to America, Walker balked at the terms as it would violate the Neutrality Act of 1818.[2] However, he told Cole that if he returned to Nicaragua and was able to get from Castellon a contract of colonization, Walker could act. Cole sailed a second time to meet Castellon and was able to get the colonization grant and an act stating that Walker's men would be guaranteed forever the privilege of bearing arms.[2]
Walker sailed from San Francisco on May 3, 1855,[3] with 57 men, to be reinforced by 170 locals and about 100 Americans upon landing, including the then well-known explorer and journalist Charles Wilkins Webber.
On September 1, Walker defeated the Nicaraguan national army at La Virgen and, a month later, conquered the capital of Granada and took control of the country.[dubious – discuss]
References
- ^ Lisa Tirmenstein (May 17, 2000). "Costa Rica in 1856: Defeating William Walker While Creating a National Identity". Retrieved April 3, 2008.[unreliable source?]
- ^ a b c d "FILLIBUSTERING IN NICARAGUA.; Gen. Walker's Revelations" (PDF). New York Times. January 5, 1860. Retrieved April 3, 2008.
- ^ Fanny Juda (February 1919). "California Filibusters: A History of their Expeditions into Hispanic America". The Grizzly Bear Vol. XXI., No. 4. Native Sons and Native Daughters of the Golden West. Retrieved April 3, 2008.
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