Development mule: Difference between revisions
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[[File:2013 Porsche 918 Spyder development mule in Monaco.jpg|thumb|[[Porsche 918]] Spyder development mule in [[Monaco]]]] |
[[File:2013 Porsche 918 Spyder development mule in Monaco.jpg|thumb|[[Porsche 918]] Spyder development mule in [[Monaco]]]] |
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[[File:Nissan GT-R test mules on truck.jpg|right|thumb|Two blacked out [[Nissan GT-R]] test mules on a truck in Japan]] |
[[File:Nissan GT-R test mules on truck.jpg|right|thumb|Two blacked out [[Nissan GT-R]] test mules on a truck in Japan]] |
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[[File:DisguisedBMW.jpg|thumb|A camouflaged pre-production BMW near Munich in October 2013]] |
[[File:DisguisedBMW.jpg|thumb|A camouflaged pre-production BMW mule near Munich in October 2013]] |
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A '''development mule''' ('''test mule''', or simply '''mule''') in the [[automotive industry]] is a [[testbed]] vehicle equipped with experimental or [[prototype]] components requiring evaluation. |
A '''development mule''' ('''test mule''', or simply '''mule''') in the [[automotive industry]] is a [[testbed]] vehicle equipped with experimental or [[prototype]] components requiring evaluation. |
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[[Automaker]]s must assess new aspects of vehicles for both strengths and weaknesses before production. Mules are drivable, often [[pre-production car|pre-production]], vehicles,<ref>{{cite journal| url=http://www.motortrend.com/future/spied_vehicles/112_0712_2010_ford_mustang_spied/index.html |title=Spycam: 2010 Ford Mustang |journal=Motor Trend |date=December 2007 |accessdate=2011-09-13}}</ref> sometimes years away from realization (in the wake of a [[concept car]] that lacked critical mechanical components). |
[[Automaker]]s must assess new aspects of vehicles for both strengths and weaknesses before production. Mules are drivable, often [[pre-production car|pre-production]], vehicles,<ref>{{cite journal| url=http://www.motortrend.com/future/spied_vehicles/112_0712_2010_ford_mustang_spied/index.html |title=Spycam: 2010 Ford Mustang |journal=Motor Trend |date=December 2007 |accessdate=2011-09-13}}</ref> sometimes years away from realization (in the wake of a [[concept car]] that lacked critical mechanical components). |
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==Application |
==Application== |
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Mules may also have advanced chassis and powertrain designs from a prospective vehicle that need testing, effectively achieved concealed in the body and interior of a similarly sized production model.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.usatoday.com/money/autos/reviews/healey/2009-04-30-chevrolet-volt-early-look_N.htm |title=Drivers could get a charge out of Chevrolet Volt |first=James R. |last=Healey |newspaper=USA Today |date=2009-08-14 |accessdate=2011-09-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=McCraw |first=Jim |title=Sneak Previews of U.S. Cars to Come |journal=Popular Science |pages=68–72 |date=September 1992 |volume=241 |issue=3 | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=lwEAAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA69&dq=%22Development+mule%22+auto | accessdate =2011-09-13}}</ref> |
Mules may also have advanced chassis and powertrain designs from a prospective vehicle that need testing, effectively achieved concealed in the body and interior of a similarly sized production model.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.usatoday.com/money/autos/reviews/healey/2009-04-30-chevrolet-volt-early-look_N.htm |title=Drivers could get a charge out of Chevrolet Volt |first=James R. |last=Healey |newspaper=USA Today |date=2009-08-14 |accessdate=2011-09-13}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=McCraw |first=Jim |title=Sneak Previews of U.S. Cars to Come |journal=Popular Science |pages=68–72 |date=September 1992 |volume=241 |issue=3 | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=lwEAAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA69&dq=%22Development+mule%22+auto | accessdate =2011-09-13}}</ref> |
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Revision as of 00:48, 26 January 2015
A development mule (test mule, or simply mule) in the automotive industry is a testbed vehicle equipped with experimental or prototype components requiring evaluation.
Automakers must assess new aspects of vehicles for both strengths and weaknesses before production. Mules are drivable, often pre-production, vehicles,[1] sometimes years away from realization (in the wake of a concept car that lacked critical mechanical components).
Application
Mules may also have advanced chassis and powertrain designs from a prospective vehicle that need testing, effectively achieved concealed in the body and interior of a similarly sized production model.[2][3]
Mules may be based on another manufacturer's model if no comparable vehicle is available in-house or if an external benchmark is being used. For example, in the 1970s the first-generation Ford Fiesta was developed using mules based on the then class-leading Fiat 127, as Ford had no comparable compact model of similar size to utilize.
Mules are also used to conceal styling changes and visible telltales of performance alterations, receiving varying degrees of camouflage to deceive rival makers and thwart a curious automotive press. Such alterations can span from distracting shrinkwrap designs to substituting crude cylindric shapes taillights, non-standard wheels, or assemblages of plastic and tape to hide a vehicle's shape and design elements.[4]
Development mules are often used very heavily during testing[5] and scrapped. Occasionally they are acquired by members of the automaker's engineering team or executives overseeing the design process.[6][7]
References
- ^ "Spycam: 2010 Ford Mustang". Motor Trend. December 2007. Retrieved 2011-09-13.
- ^ Healey, James R. (2009-08-14). "Drivers could get a charge out of Chevrolet Volt". USA Today. Retrieved 2011-09-13.
- ^ McCraw, Jim (September 1992). "Sneak Previews of U.S. Cars to Come". Popular Science. 241 (3): 68–72. Retrieved 2011-09-13.
- ^ Dunne, Jim (December 1991). "Detroit Spy Report". Popular Mechanics. 168 (12): 108. Retrieved 2011-09-13.
- ^ For example, "...pushed the development mule to 150.583 mph (242.340 km/h)..." Schorr, Martyn L. (March 1993). "Show of Force". Popular Mechanics. 180 (3): 59. Retrieved 2011-09-13.
- ^ Truesdell, Richard. "John Goergen's 1966 343 prototype" (PDF). Musclecar Enthusiast: 59. Retrieved 2011-09-13.
- ^ Ohio AMX (2007-06-07). "1966 Drivable AMX Prototype". Retrieved 2011-09-13.
See also
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