Iris tenuifolia: Difference between revisions
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It is written as 细叶鸢尾 in [[Chinese characters|Chinese script]] and known as ''xi ye yuan wei'' in [[Pinyin]] Chinese.<ref name=efloras>{{cite web |title=FOC Vol. 24 Page 305 |url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id= 200028220 |publisher=efloras.org (Flora of China) |accessdate=28 January 2015}}</ref><ref name=grin>{{cite web |title= Taxon: Iris tenuifolia Pall. |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?20429 |publisher=ars-grin.gov ([[Germplasm Resources Information Network]]) |accessdate=28 January 2015}}</ref><ref name=fabaceae>{{cite web |title=中国豆科植物在线 (chinese name) |url=http://fabaceae.onlineflora.cn/taxonomy/term/12959 |publisher=fabaceae.onlineflora.cn |accessdate=19 January 2015}}</ref> |
It is written as 细叶鸢尾 in [[Chinese characters|Chinese script]] and known as ''xi ye yuan wei'' in [[Pinyin]] Chinese.<ref name=efloras>{{cite web |title=FOC Vol. 24 Page 305 |url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id= 200028220 |publisher=efloras.org (Flora of China) |accessdate=28 January 2015}}</ref><ref name=grin>{{cite web |title= Taxon: Iris tenuifolia Pall. |url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?20429 |publisher=ars-grin.gov ([[Germplasm Resources Information Network]]) |accessdate=28 January 2015}}</ref><ref name=fabaceae>{{cite web |title=中国豆科植物在线 (chinese name) |url=http://fabaceae.onlineflora.cn/taxonomy/term/12959 |publisher=fabaceae.onlineflora.cn |accessdate=19 January 2015}}</ref> |
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The Latin [[Botanical name#Binary name|specific epithet]] ''tenuifolia'' comes from the almagamtion of two |
The Latin [[Botanical name#Binary name|specific epithet]] ''tenuifolia'' comes from the almagamtion of two Latin words ''tenuis'' meaning 'fine or thin' and ''folia'' mean ''leaf''.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Smith |first1=A.W. |last2=Stearn |first2=William T. |date=1972 |edition=Revised |publication-date=1963 | title= A Gardener's Dictionary of Plant Names | publisher=Cassell and Company | pages=68–69 | isbn=0304937215}}</ref> |
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It has the common names of ''Egeria Iris''<ref name=fabaceae/><ref name=pan>{{cite web |title=Iris tenuifolia Pall. |url=http://www.flph.org/s/Iris tenuifolia |publisher=flora of Pan Himalayas |accessdate=24 October 2014}}</ref><ref name=pan>{{cite web |title=Iris tenuifolia Pall. |url=http://www.flph.org/s/Iris tenuifolia |publisher=flora of Pan Himalayas |accessdate=24 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Sect. Limniris Tausch |url=http://frps.eflora.cn/frps/Sect. Limniris |publisher=frps.eflora.cn |accessdate=19 January 2015}}</ref><ref name=swewe>{{cite web |title=Egeria Iris url=http://tl.swewe.net/word_show.htm/?181704_1&Egeria_Iris |publisher=tl.swewe.net |accessdate= 29 January 2015}}</ref> Note; 'Egeria' means water buffaloes or cows pulling (in China).<ref name=fabaceae/> Another common name is ''narrow leafed iris'',<ref name=mongolmed>{{cite journal |last=Sarantsetseg |first=B. |last2=Ambaga |first2=M. |last3=Khürelbaatar |first3=L. |date=2001 |title=Narrow-leaf iris (Iris tenuifolia) kidney protection activity |url= http://www.mongolmed.mn/article/1189 |journal=Mongolian Medicine |publisher=Mongolian Association of Medical journals |volume= |issue= |pages= |doi= |accessdate=19 January 2015}}</ref> or ''fine leaved iris'',<ref name=exhibition>{{cite web |title=The exhibition "Iris Russia" |url=http://flower-iris.ru/en/knigi-pro-iridariy/zaglyanut-v-knigu/66/ |publisher=flower-iris.ru |accessdate=23 January 2015}}</ref> or ''slender-leaf iris'',<ref name=grin/> or ''silk leaves Iris''.<ref name=fabaceae/><ref name=pan/> |
It has the common names of ''Egeria Iris''<ref name=fabaceae/><ref name=pan>{{cite web |title=Iris tenuifolia Pall. |url=http://www.flph.org/s/Iris tenuifolia |publisher=flora of Pan Himalayas |accessdate=24 October 2014}}</ref><ref name=pan>{{cite web |title=Iris tenuifolia Pall. |url=http://www.flph.org/s/Iris tenuifolia |publisher=flora of Pan Himalayas |accessdate=24 October 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Sect. Limniris Tausch |url=http://frps.eflora.cn/frps/Sect. Limniris |publisher=frps.eflora.cn |accessdate=19 January 2015}}</ref><ref name=swewe>{{cite web |title=Egeria Iris url=http://tl.swewe.net/word_show.htm/?181704_1&Egeria_Iris |publisher=tl.swewe.net |accessdate= 29 January 2015}}</ref> Note; 'Egeria' means water buffaloes or cows pulling (in China).<ref name=fabaceae/> Another common name is ''narrow leafed iris'',<ref name=mongolmed>{{cite journal |last=Sarantsetseg |first=B. |last2=Ambaga |first2=M. |last3=Khürelbaatar |first3=L. |date=2001 |title=Narrow-leaf iris (Iris tenuifolia) kidney protection activity |url= http://www.mongolmed.mn/article/1189 |journal=Mongolian Medicine |publisher=Mongolian Association of Medical journals |volume= |issue= |pages= |doi= |accessdate=19 January 2015}}</ref> or ''fine leaved iris'',<ref name=exhibition>{{cite web |title=The exhibition "Iris Russia" |url=http://flower-iris.ru/en/knigi-pro-iridariy/zaglyanut-v-knigu/66/ |publisher=flower-iris.ru |accessdate=23 January 2015}}</ref> or ''slender-leaf iris'',<ref name=grin/> or ''silk leaves Iris''.<ref name=fabaceae/><ref name=pan/> |
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The Iris genus has been used as a traditional folk medicine, used to treat a variety of diseases, such as [[cancer]], inflammation, bacterial and viral infections.<ref name=patent>{{cite web |title=Extract from Iris tenuifolia, preparation method and application thereof |url=http://www.google.com/patents/CN101716262B?cl=en |publisher=google.com |accessdate=29 January 2015}}</ref> It was found that compounds isolated from ''[[Iris germanica]]'' have anti-tumor, anti-oxidation, anti-malarial parasite and anti-TB and other positive effects.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Rahman |first=A.U. |last2=Nasim |first2=S. |last3=Baig |first3=I. |last4=Jalil |first4=S. |last5=Orhan |first5=I. |last6=Sener |first6=B. |last7=Choudhary |first7=M.I. |date=June 2003 |title=Anti-inflammatory isoflavonoids from the rhizomes of Iris germanica |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12738083 |journal=Journal of Ethnopharmacology |publisher= |volume=86 |issue=2-3 |pages=177–180 |doi= |accessdate=29 January 2015}}</ref> |
The Iris genus has been used as a traditional folk medicine, used to treat a variety of diseases, such as [[cancer]], inflammation, bacterial and viral infections.<ref name=patent>{{cite web |title=Extract from Iris tenuifolia, preparation method and application thereof |url=http://www.google.com/patents/CN101716262B?cl=en |publisher=google.com |accessdate=29 January 2015}}</ref> It was found that compounds isolated from ''[[Iris germanica]]'' have anti-tumor, anti-oxidation, anti-malarial parasite and anti-TB and other positive effects.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Rahman |first=A.U. |last2=Nasim |first2=S. |last3=Baig |first3=I. |last4=Jalil |first4=S. |last5=Orhan |first5=I. |last6=Sener |first6=B. |last7=Choudhary |first7=M.I. |date=June 2003 |title=Anti-inflammatory isoflavonoids from the rhizomes of Iris germanica |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12738083 |journal=Journal of Ethnopharmacology |publisher= |volume=86 |issue=2-3 |pages=177–180 |doi= |accessdate=29 January 2015}}</ref> |
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The roots, seeds and flowers of the iris, are used as ingredients in herbal medicines. They have been used as [[tocolysis]] (also called anti-contraction medications or labor |
The roots, seeds and flowers of the iris, are used as ingredients in herbal medicines. They have been used as [[tocolysis]] (also called anti-contraction medications or labor represents) and to treat [[fetal]] [[metrorrhagia]].<ref name=swewe>{{cite web|title=Egeria Iris url=http://tl.swewe.net/word_show.htm/?181704_1&Egeria_Iris |publisher=tl.swewe.net |accessdate= 29 January 2015}}</ref> |
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In 2003, it was listed as an endemic [[vascular]] species of the temperate [[steppe]] region of [[Inner Mongolia]], China, along with ''[[Stipa grandis]]'', ''[[Artemisia frigida]]'', ''[[Festuca ovina]]'', ''[[Thymus serpyllum]]'', ''[[Caragana microphylla]]'', ''[[Koeleria cristata]]'' and others.<ref name=forest>Jirí Kolbek, Miroslav Srutek and Elgene E. O. Box (Editor){{Google books|VmtPnUbH-uIC|Forest Vegetation of Northeast Asia (2003)| page=80}}</ref> |
In 2003, it was listed as an endemic [[vascular]] species of the temperate [[steppe]] region of [[Inner Mongolia]], China, along with ''[[Stipa grandis]]'', ''[[Artemisia frigida]]'', ''[[Festuca ovina]]'', ''[[Thymus serpyllum]]'', ''[[Caragana microphylla]]'', ''[[Koeleria cristata]]'' and others.<ref name=forest>Jirí Kolbek, Miroslav Srutek and Elgene E. O. Box (Editor){{Google books|VmtPnUbH-uIC|Forest Vegetation of Northeast Asia (2003)| page=80}}</ref> |
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Between 2007 and 2011, a study was carried out on chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of ''Iris tenuifolia'' and ''[[Iris halophila]]''. Using chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. The irises have been used in various tradition herbal remedy’s, such as traditional Mongolian herb medicine and [[Uighur]] herb medicine.<ref name=metapop>{{cite web |title=Hui Wang (PhD) http://www.metapop.univ-montp2.fr/?page_id=532 |publisher=metapop.univ-montp2.fr |accessdate=19 January 2015}}</ref> |
Between 2007 and 2011, a study was carried out on chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of ''Iris tenuifolia'' and ''[[Iris halophila]]''. Using chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. The irises have been used in various tradition herbal remedy’s, such as traditional Mongolian herb medicine and [[Uighur]] herb medicine.<ref name=metapop>{{cite web |title=Hui Wang (PhD) http://www.metapop.univ-montp2.fr/?page_id=532 |publisher=metapop.univ-montp2.fr |accessdate=19 January 2015}}</ref> |
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In 2008, several chemical compounds were extracted from ''Iris tenuifolia''. These included; 'izalpinin', 'alpinone', 'arborinone', 'irilin B', 'irisone A', 'irisone B', 'betavulgarin', 'beta-sitosterol' '5,7-dihydroxy-2', '6-dimethoxy-isoflavone' , 2',5-dihdroxy-6,7-methylenedioxy flavanone |
In 2008, several chemical compounds were extracted from ''Iris tenuifolia''. These included; 'izalpinin', 'alpinone', 'arborinone', 'irilin B', 'irisone A', 'irisone B', 'betavulgarin', 'beta-sitosterol' '5,7-dihydroxy-2', '6-dimethoxy-isoflavone' , 2',5-dihdroxy-6,7-methylenedioxy flavanone, 'irisoid A' and 'ethyl-beta-d-glucopyranoside'. Also 2 new compounds were found, ''tenuifodione'' and ''tenuifone''. All found using [[spectroscopic]] methods.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Choudhary |first=Muhammad Iqbal |last2=Hareem |first2=Sumaira |last3=Siddiqui |first3=Hina |last4=Anjum |first4=Shazia |last5=Ali |first5=Shamsher |last6=Zaidi |first6=Mudassir Israr |date=1 June 2008 |title=A benzil and isoflavone from Iris tenuifolia. |url=http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/papers/18472117 |journal=Phytochemistry |publisher=sigmaaldrich.com |volume=69 |issue=9 |pages=1880–1885 |doi= |accessdate=28 January 2015}}</ref> |
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On 24 December 2009, a [[patent]] was granted, for the extraction of Iris tenuifolia. Due to |
On 24 December 2009, a [[patent]] was granted, for the extraction of Iris tenuifolia. Due to its chemical compounds being used in the treatment of [[Alzheimer's disease]].<ref name=patent/> |
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In 2011, 2 flavans and a flavanone, were extracted from the rhizomes of ''Iris tenuifolia'' and then tested against [[stem cell]]s.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Cui |first=Yan-Mei |last2=Wang |first2=Hui |last3=Liu |first3=Quan-Ru |last4=Han |first4=Mei |last5=Lu |first5=Yang |last6=Zhao |first6=Chang-Qi |date=17 August 2011 |title=Flavans from Iris tenuifolia and their effects on β-amyloid aggregation and neural stem cells proliferation in vitro. |url=http://www.pubfacts.com/detail/21737268/Flavans-from-Iris-tenuifolia-and-their-effects-on-%CE%B2-amyloid-aggregation-and-neural-stem-cells-proli |journal=Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. |publisher= |volume=21 |issue=15 |pages=4400–4403 |accessdate=28 January 2015}}</ref> |
In 2011, 2 flavans and a flavanone, were extracted from the rhizomes of ''Iris tenuifolia'' and then tested against [[stem cell]]s.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Cui |first=Yan-Mei |last2=Wang |first2=Hui |last3=Liu |first3=Quan-Ru |last4=Han |first4=Mei |last5=Lu |first5=Yang |last6=Zhao |first6=Chang-Qi |date=17 August 2011 |title=Flavans from Iris tenuifolia and their effects on β-amyloid aggregation and neural stem cells proliferation in vitro. |url=http://www.pubfacts.com/detail/21737268/Flavans-from-Iris-tenuifolia-and-their-effects-on-%CE%B2-amyloid-aggregation-and-neural-stem-cells-proli |journal=Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. |publisher= |volume=21 |issue=15 |pages=4400–4403 |accessdate=28 January 2015}}</ref> |
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Revision as of 20:20, 9 February 2015
| Iris tenuifolia | |
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| flower head of Iris tenuifolia in Kazakhstan. | |
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| Species: | I. tenuifolia
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| Iris tenuifolia | |
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Iris tenuifolia is a beardless iris in the genus Iris, in the subgenus Limniris and in the Tenuifoliae series of the species. It is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial.
It is written as 细叶鸢尾 in Chinese script and known as xi ye yuan wei in Pinyin Chinese.[2][3][4]
The Latin specific epithet tenuifolia comes from the almagamtion of two Latin words tenuis meaning 'fine or thin' and folia mean leaf.[5]
It has the common names of Egeria Iris[4][6][6][7][8] Note; 'Egeria' means water buffaloes or cows pulling (in China).[4] Another common name is narrow leafed iris,[9] or fine leaved iris,[10] or slender-leaf iris,[3] or silk leaves Iris.[4][6]
It was published and described by Peter Simon Pallas in Reise Russ. Reich. Vol.3 page714 in 1776.[11]
It was introduced to Russia in 1812, and was noted as growing in the front garden of Mr. A. Razumovsky near Moscow.[10]
It was later published with an illustration in The Gardeners' Chronicle 3rd. Series Vol.59 page196 on 8 April 1916.[12]
In February 1997, a study was published in which 6 new flavanones, isolated from the rhizomes of Iris tenuifolia, using high resolution mass spectrometry.[13] In 2001, a study was carried to monitor the effects of the iris, within a herbal remedy for kidney protection was carried out.[9]
It is included in the IUCN 'Red Data Book' of the Chita Oblast of 2002, listed as 'rare'. It is now protected in Dauria and Khopyor reserves.[10]
The Iris genus has been used as a traditional folk medicine, used to treat a variety of diseases, such as cancer, inflammation, bacterial and viral infections.[14] It was found that compounds isolated from Iris germanica have anti-tumor, anti-oxidation, anti-malarial parasite and anti-TB and other positive effects.[15]
The roots, seeds and flowers of the iris, are used as ingredients in herbal medicines. They have been used as tocolysis (also called anti-contraction medications or labor represents) and to treat fetal metrorrhagia.[8]
In 2003, it was listed as an endemic vascular species of the temperate steppe region of Inner Mongolia, China, along with Stipa grandis, Artemisia frigida, Festuca ovina, Thymus serpyllum, Caragana microphylla, Koeleria cristata and others.[16]
In 2005, it was noted that the rhizomes of Iris tenuifolia are the source of the largest number of new 2’-O-substituted simple flavanones within a single species.[17]
Between 2007 and 2011, a study was carried out on chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Iris tenuifolia and Iris halophila. Using chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. The irises have been used in various tradition herbal remedy’s, such as traditional Mongolian herb medicine and Uighur herb medicine.[18]
In 2008, several chemical compounds were extracted from Iris tenuifolia. These included; 'izalpinin', 'alpinone', 'arborinone', 'irilin B', 'irisone A', 'irisone B', 'betavulgarin', 'beta-sitosterol' '5,7-dihydroxy-2', '6-dimethoxy-isoflavone' , 2',5-dihdroxy-6,7-methylenedioxy flavanone, 'irisoid A' and 'ethyl-beta-d-glucopyranoside'. Also 2 new compounds were found, tenuifodione and tenuifone. All found using spectroscopic methods.[19]
On 24 December 2009, a patent was granted, for the extraction of Iris tenuifolia. Due to its chemical compounds being used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.[14]
In 2011, 2 flavans and a flavanone, were extracted from the rhizomes of Iris tenuifolia and then tested against stem cells.[20]
In 2014, the characteristics of phenotypic plasticity and ecological adaptation of Iris tenuifolia from various habitats in Xinjiang, China, were studied.[21]
It was verified by United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service on 2 October 2014.[3]
As most irises are diploid, having two sets of chromosomes. This can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings.[22] It has a chromosome count: 2n=14[2][23]
As of January 2015, it is listed as a tentativily accepted name by the RHS.[24]
Cultivation
Iris tenuifolia is rare in cultivation in the UK.[25][26] It is rare in cultivation in the US as well.[27]
They are more grown by specialised collectors or for scientific and research purposes.[8][27]
It was sometimes used as annual plant and only planted during the summer (in the UK, in 1800s).[26]
It is hardy, if sited in a northern continental climate. Similar to Nebraska, North Dakota or South Dakota.[27] It is hardy in parts of Russia. It has been grown in Moscow, St Petersburg and Chita.[28]
It prefers sandy or sandy loam soils, similar to the desert habitat.[8][25][29] It prefers alkaline soils.[30]
They prefer positions in full sun.[30]
It needs to be kept dry during winter, needing the protection of bulb frames (in the UK). It only needs water during the growing period.[25] The plant loses its foliage during the winter, as it is removed by the forces of wind, snow and other bad weather conditions. It then re-grows leaves, in April and May.[27]
It has high drought and heat tolerance (desert-like conditions).[27][29][30]
Propagation
The seed of Iris tenuifolia is rarely used by western horticulturists, as the plants rarely flower.[27] William Rickatson Dykes notes that it made no satisfactory growth and never flowered.[31]
In other flowering regions, the seed can be harvested in autumn, washed, fresh or dried.[8]
Description
Iris tenuifolia is very similar in form to the Mediterranean Iris unguicularis. As they both have very small stems and the seed capsules are often hidden within the leaves of the plant.[31]
It has a dark brown, thin, short, knobbly, tough, wood-like rhizomes.[2][4][8][32] Underneath, it has a network of fibrous roots.[8] On top of the rhizome, at the base of the leaves, are the brown or red-brown, fibrous remains of the previous seasons leaves. Which act as sheaths, for the new leaves.[2][32][33] The sheaths can be up to 6–20 cm (2–8 in) long.[8][32]
It can be either a single plant or can grow into thick clumps of plants.[30][32]
It has greyish-green, linear, twisted, leaves, that can grow between 20–60 cm (8–24 in) long and 1.5–2 mm wide.[2][4][8][25][27][28][32][33] They do not have a mid-vein but paralled veins,[2][4][8] and are acuminate (ending in a point).[32] They continue to grow after blooming, and can end up as a mass of twisted leaves.[27]
The leaves are longer than the flowering stems.[32]
It has a very short flowering stem or scape, 10–30 cm (4–12 in) long.[4][8][25][28][29][33][34][35][36] Although, sometimes the stems do not emerge above ground.[2]
It has 2 to 4, pointed (acuminate), membranous, green, between 5–10 cm (2–4 in) long and 8–10 mm wide, spathes (leaves of the flower bud).[2][4][8][33]
The stems hold normally 1–3, terminal (top of stem) flowers,[4][8][25][28][29][32][33] blooming in spring, between April and May,[2][8][27][35] or late as earl June (in Russia).[28]
The scented flowers,[32] are 4–7 cm (2–3 in) in diameter,[33] and come in shades of pale violet,[2][36] lilac,[29][32][36] pale blue,[4][25][28][29][32][35] or purple.[4][25][28][29][35] It has 2 pairs of petals, 3 large sepals (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and 3 inner, smaller petals (or tepals, known as the 'standards'.[22] The falls are spatulate (spoon shaped) or obovate-lanceolate,[4][8] 4.5–6 cm (2–2 in) long and 1.5 cm (1 in) wide.[2][8][33] They have a thin central yellow crest or mid-vein, dark veins (on a pale colour), and a band of papillose (or small hairs).[2][32][36] The narrower, oblanceolate, erect standards are 5 cm (2 in) long and 5–9 mm wide.[2][4][8][32]
It has a long, slender thread-like, perianth tube, 4.5–8 cm (2–3 in) long.[2][4][8][28][32][33]
It has 3 single coloured, style branches, 4 cm (2 in) long and 4–5 mm wide.[2] They attenuate (narrow slightly) and at the tips, are toothed.[4][8][32]
It has a slender 3–4 mm long pedicel,[32] 3 cm (1 in) long Stamens and a cylindric 7–12 cm (3–5 in) long and 2 mm wide, Ovary.[2]
After the iris has flowered, between late July and early August (in Russia),[28] or between August and September (in China). It produces an ovoid or sub-globose, 3.2–4.5 cm (1–2 in) long and 1.2–1.8 cm (0–1 in) wide, seed capsule. It has short beak-like appendage on the top.[2][4][8][27][28][32]
The seeds are oval (or turbinate – like a top) shaped, wrinkled and black-brown to brown.[4][8][28][32]
Often, the seed capsule is hidden by the long leaves.[31]
Native
Iris tenuifolia is native to a wide region, of various temperate areas of Central Asia.[3][24] Which extends from the Volga through Turkestan into Mongolia,[34] and China.
Range
It is found in the western Asian countries of Afghanistan and Pakistan.[2][3][8]
In the middle Asian countries of (the former Soviet Union republics of); Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Mongolia.[2][3][4][8][27][28][32][36] Also found in regions of Russia, including Agin-Buryat Okrug, Bashkortostan, Chelyabinsk, Chita and Siberia.[2][3][4][8][27][28][32][35][36]
It is found within central China,[25][27][28][36] in the provinces of Gansu, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Qinghai, (Shangdong[2]), Shanxi, Xinjiang and Xizang.[2][3][4][8]
One reference mentions Turkey.[8] One reference mentions Iran.[27] Since most others do not mention these countries, they are not regarded as valid.
Habitat
It is grown in semi-desert, desert or mild mountainous areas.[29]
On sandy steppes, on dunes, beside sandy riverine grasslands or river banks, on dry coastal sand regions, on gravelly desert-like slopes and in the crevices of rocks.[2][4][8][28][29][30][32]
It is also grown at altitudes of 1000 to 4200m above sea level.[2][8][30][35]
In north east China, it is found growing on poor soils on open tree-less plains.[27]
Hybrids and Cultivars
Due to its high drought and heat resistance, it could be useful in breeding purposes.[10][28]
References
- ^ "Iris tenuifolia Pall. is an accepted name". theplantlist.org (The Plant List). 23 March 2012. Retrieved 19 January 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x 200028220 "FOC Vol. 24 Page 305". efloras.org (Flora of China). Retrieved 28 January 2015.
{{cite web}}: Check|url=value (help) - ^ a b c d e f g h "Taxon: Iris tenuifolia Pall". ars-grin.gov (Germplasm Resources Information Network). Retrieved 28 January 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v "中国豆科植物在线 (chinese name)". fabaceae.onlineflora.cn. Retrieved 19 January 2015.
- ^ Smith, A.W.; Stearn, William T. (1972). A Gardener's Dictionary of Plant Names (Revised ed.). Cassell and Company (published 1963). pp. 68–69. ISBN 0304937215.
- ^ a b c tenuifolia "Iris tenuifolia Pall". flora of Pan Himalayas. Retrieved 24 October 2014.
{{cite web}}: Check|url=value (help) - ^ Limniris "Sect. Limniris Tausch". frps.eflora.cn. Retrieved 19 January 2015.
{{cite web}}: Check|url=value (help) - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab "Egeria Iris url=http://tl.swewe.net/word_show.htm/?181704_1&Egeria_Iris". tl.swewe.net.
{{cite web}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Missing or empty|url=(help); Missing pipe in:|title=(help) Cite error: The named reference "swewe" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page). - ^ a b Sarantsetseg, B.; Ambaga, M.; Khürelbaatar, L. (2001). "Narrow-leaf iris (Iris tenuifolia) kidney protection activity". Mongolian Medicine. Mongolian Association of Medical journals. Retrieved 19 January 2015.
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Media related to Iris tenuifolia at Wikimedia Commons
Data related to Iris tenuifolia at Wikispecies