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|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]]
|unranked_ordo = [[Asterids]]
|unranked_ordo = [[Asterids]]
|ordo = (unplaced)
|ordo = ([[Incertae sedis| unplaced]])
|familia = [[Boraginaceae]]
|familia = [[Boraginaceae]]
|genus = ''[[Mertensia]]''
|genus = ''[[Mertensia]]''
|species = '''''M. virginica'''''
|species = '''''M. virginica'''''
|binomial = ''Mertensia virginica''
|binomial = ''Mertensia virginica''
|binomial_authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]) [[Christiaan Hendrik Persoon|Pers.]] ex [[Johann Heinrich Friedrich Link|Link]]
|binomial_authority = ([[Carl Linnaeus|L.]]) [[Christiaan Hendrik Persoon|Persoon]] ex [[Johann Heinrich Friedrich Link|Link]]
|}}
|}}


'''''Mertensia virginica''''' ([[common name]]s '''Virginia bluebell''', '''Virginia cowslip''', '''lungwort oysterleaf''', '''Roanoke bells''') is a [[species]] of [[flowering plant]] in the [[family (biology)|family]] Boraginaceae, native to moist [[woodland]] in eastern North America. It is a
'''''Mertensia virginica''''' ([[common name]]s '''Virginia bluebell''', '''Virginia cowslip''', '''lungwort oysterleaf''', '''Roanoke bells''') is a [[species]] of [[flowering plant]] in the [[family (biology)|family]] Boraginaceae, [[Indigenous (ecology)|native]] to moist [[woodland]] in eastern North America. It is a spring [[ephemeral plant]] with bell-shaped sky-blue flowers opening from pink buds. The [[leaf|leaves]] are rounded and gray-green, borne on stems up to {{convert|60|cm|0|abbr=on}} tall. They are [[petiole (botany)|petiolate]] at the bottom of the flower stem and [[sessility (botany)|sessile]] at the top.
spring [[ephemeral plant]] with bell-shaped sky-blue flowers opening from pink buds. The
[[leaf|leaves]] are rounded and gray-green, borne on stems up to {{convert|60|cm|0|abbr=on}} tall. They are [[petiole (botany)|petiolate]] at the bottom of the flower stem and [[sessility (botany)|sessile]] at the top.


[[Flower]]s with five [[petal]]s fused into a tube, five [[stamen]]s, and a central pistil ([[gynoecium#Carpel morphology|carpel]]) are borne in mid-spring in nodding [[inflorescence#Determinate|cyme]]s at the end of arched stems. White flowers occur rarely.
[[Flower]]s with five [[petal]]s fused into a tube, five [[stamen]]s, and a central pistil ([[gynoecium#Carpel morphology|carpel]]) are borne in mid-spring in nodding [[inflorescence#Determinate|cyme]]s at the end of arched stems. White flowers occur rarely.


The stamens and stigma are spaced too far apart for self-fertilization. The flower can be pollinated by bumblebees but due to its funnel shape bumblebees must hover, making the bumblebee a rare [[pollinator]]. Butterflies are the most common pollinators because they can easily perch on the edges and still enjoy the nectar.
The stamens and [[Stigma (botany)|stigma]] are spaced too far apart for [[Plant reproductive morphology|self-fertilization]]. The flower can be [[pollinated]] by [[bumblebee]]s but, due to its funnel shape bumblebees must hover, making the bumblebee a rare [[pollinator]]. [[Butterflies]] are the most common pollinators because they can easily perch on the edges and still enjoy the [[nectar]].


In early summer, each fertilized flower produces four seeds within wrinkled [[nut (fruit)|nut]]s, and the plant goes [[dormancy#Plants|dormant]] till the next spring.
In early summer, each fertilized flower produces four seeds within wrinkled [[nut (fruit)|nut]]s, and the plant goes [[dormancy#Plants|dormant]] till the next spring.
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In cultivation, ''M. virginica'' has gained the [[Royal Horticultural Society]]'s [[Award of Garden Merit]].<ref>{{cite web|title=RHS Plant Selector - ''Mertensia virginica''|url=http://apps.rhs.org.uk/plantselector/plant?plantid=1274|accessdate=24 May 2013}}</ref>
In cultivation, ''M. virginica'' has gained the [[Royal Horticultural Society]]'s [[Award of Garden Merit]].<ref>{{cite web|title=RHS Plant Selector - ''Mertensia virginica''|url=http://apps.rhs.org.uk/plantselector/plant?plantid=1274|accessdate=24 May 2013}}</ref>

==[[ICNAFP|Nomenclature]]==
''Mertensia virginica'' is the [[type species]] for the [[genus]] ''Mertensia'' and was first [[Species description|described]] by [[Linnaeus]] in 1753 as ''Pulmonaria virginica''.<ref name=Linnaeus1753>Carl von Linné (Linnaeus). 1753. ''Species Plantarum'' 1:135. (see ''External links'' below)</ref> The genus ''Pulmonaria'' is today restricted to 19 species in the [[Tribe (biology)|tribe]] [[Boragineae]]. When [[Albrecht Wilhelm Roth]] erected the genus ''Mertensia'' in 1797, he [[Botanical name|named]] the Virginia bluebell as ''Mertensia pulmonarioides'', apparently unaware that Linnaeus had already [[Binomial nomenclature|named]] it in his ''[[Species Plantarum]]''. Roth's [[Scientific name|name]] is a superfluous [[Synonym (botany)|synonym]] and has been used in recent [[Scientific literature|literature]], but the [[Correct name (botany)|correct name]] for the Virginia bluebell is ''Mertensia virginica''.<ref name=pringle2004>James S. Pringle. 2004. "Nomenclature of the Virginia-bluebell, ''Mertensia virginica'' (Boraginaceae)". SIDA, contributions to botany 21(2):771-775.(see ''External links'' below)</ref>


==References==
==References==
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*[http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/tro-4000141 Kew Plant List: ''Mertensia virginica'']
*[http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/tro-4000141 Kew Plant List: ''Mertensia virginica'']
*[http://apps.rhs.org.uk/plantselector/plant?plantid=1274 RHS Plant Selector: ''Mertensia virginica'']
*[http://apps.rhs.org.uk/plantselector/plant?plantid=1274 RHS Plant Selector: ''Mertensia virginica'']
*[http://www.botanicus.org/title/b12069590 ''Pulmonaria''] {{Color|green|In}} [http://www.botanicus.org/title/b12069590 ''Species Plantarum'' vol. 1] {{Color|green|At}} [[Botanicus]]
*[http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34585#page/791/mode/1up Nomenclature of the Virginia bluebell] {{Color|green|At}} [http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34585#page/1/mode/1up Volume 21, View Book] {{Color|green|At}} [http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/8113#/summary SIDA, contributions to botany] {{Color|green|At}} [http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/ BHL]
*[http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34585#page/791/mode/1up Nomenclature of the Virginia bluebell] {{Color|green|At}} [http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34585#page/1/mode/1up Volume 21, View Book] {{Color|green|At}} [http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/8113#/summary SIDA, contributions to botany] {{Color|green|At}} [http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/ BHL]


Revision as of 06:41, 27 March 2015

Virginia Bluebell
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Eudicots
(unranked):
Asterids
Order:
( unplaced)
Family:
Boraginaceae
Genus:
Mertensia
Species:
M. virginica
Binomial name
Mertensia virginica

Mertensia virginica (common names Virginia bluebell, Virginia cowslip, lungwort oysterleaf, Roanoke bells) is a species of flowering plant in the family Boraginaceae, native to moist woodland in eastern North America. It is a spring ephemeral plant with bell-shaped sky-blue flowers opening from pink buds. The leaves are rounded and gray-green, borne on stems up to 60 cm (24 in) tall. They are petiolate at the bottom of the flower stem and sessile at the top.

Flowers with five petals fused into a tube, five stamens, and a central pistil (carpel) are borne in mid-spring in nodding cymes at the end of arched stems. White flowers occur rarely.

The stamens and stigma are spaced too far apart for self-fertilization. The flower can be pollinated by bumblebees but, due to its funnel shape bumblebees must hover, making the bumblebee a rare pollinator. Butterflies are the most common pollinators because they can easily perch on the edges and still enjoy the nectar.

In early summer, each fertilized flower produces four seeds within wrinkled nuts, and the plant goes dormant till the next spring.

Plants are hardy to hardiness zone 3 - −40 °C (−40 °F).

In cultivation, M. virginica has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[1]

Nomenclature

Mertensia virginica is the type species for the genus Mertensia and was first described by Linnaeus in 1753 as Pulmonaria virginica.[2] The genus Pulmonaria is today restricted to 19 species in the tribe Boragineae. When Albrecht Wilhelm Roth erected the genus Mertensia in 1797, he named the Virginia bluebell as Mertensia pulmonarioides, apparently unaware that Linnaeus had already named it in his Species Plantarum. Roth's name is a superfluous synonym and has been used in recent literature, but the correct name for the Virginia bluebell is Mertensia virginica.[3]

References

  1. ^ "RHS Plant Selector - Mertensia virginica". Retrieved 24 May 2013.
  2. ^ Carl von Linné (Linnaeus). 1753. Species Plantarum 1:135. (see External links below)
  3. ^ James S. Pringle. 2004. "Nomenclature of the Virginia-bluebell, Mertensia virginica (Boraginaceae)". SIDA, contributions to botany 21(2):771-775.(see External links below)
  • foliage before bloom
    foliage before bloom
  • flower buds
    flower buds
  • fruits
    fruits
  • flowers at Dahlem, Berlin botanical gardens
    flowers at Dahlem, Berlin botanical gardens
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