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*[[File:SSI of the Sparta Battalion.svg|19px]] '''Sparta Battalion''' ({{lang-ru|link=no|Батальон «Спарта»}}) - Special forces battalion led by [[Arseny Pavlov]], better known as '''Motorola'''. Includes Russians, fighters typically have helmets and modern personal equipment.
*[[File:SSI of the Sparta Battalion.svg|19px]] '''Sparta Battalion''' ({{lang-ru|link=no|Батальон «Спарта»}}) - Special forces battalion led by [[Arseny Pavlov]], better known as '''Motorola'''. Includes Russians, fighters typically have helmets and modern personal equipment.
*[[File:SSI of the Somalia Battalion.svg|21px]] '''1st Independent Battalion-Tactical Group "Somalia"''' or '''[[Somalia Battalion]]''' ({{lang-ru|link=no|Батальон «Сомали»}}) - Tactical group led by [[Mikhail Tolstykh]], better known as '''Givi'''.
*[[File:SSI of the Somalia Battalion.svg|21px]] '''1st Independent Battalion-Tactical Group "Somalia"''' or '''[[Somalia Battalion]]''' ({{lang-ru|link=no|Батальон «Сомали»}}) - Tactical group led by [[Mikhail Tolstykh]], better known as '''Givi'''.
*[[File:Flag RNU.svg|30px]] '''RNU Volunteer Corps''' - Includes volunteers from [[Russian National Unity]] and other Neonazis.<ref>{{cite web| title = A Nazi division from Russia is fighting in Ukraine and continues to recruit| url = http://euromaidanpress.com/2014/08/27/a-nazi-division-from-the-russian-national-unity-is-fighting-in-ukraine-and-continues-to-recruit/| date = August 2014| accessdate = 2015}}</ref>

====Luhansk People's Republic====
====Luhansk People's Republic====
[[File:Flag of the Ghost Brigade.svg|200px|right|thumb|Flag of the Prizrak Brigade]]
[[File:Flag of the Ghost Brigade.svg|200px|right|thumb|Flag of the Prizrak Brigade]]

Revision as of 16:22, 8 April 2015

United Armed Forces of Novorossiya
Объединённые Вооруженные Силы Новороссии
War flag of Novorossiya
Founded3 March 2014[1]
(Donbass People's Militia)
Current form16 September 2014[2]
HeadquartersKrasnodon
Leadership
Minister of DefenceVladimir Kononov
(Donetsk People's Republic)
Oleg Bugrov
(Luhansk People's Republic)
Personnel
Active personnel10,000[3] – 20,000[4] in July 2014 (on 2 February 2015, it was announced that the force will be expanded to 100,000 soldiers[5])

The United Armed Forces of Novorossiya (Template:Lang-ru; acronym NAF)[2][6] consists of the Donbass People's Militia[7][8] and the Luhansk People's Militia (formerly known as Army of the South-East). Both are militias and armed volunteer groups affiliated with the confederation of Novorossiya. It is regarded as a terrorist group by the Ukrainian government. The Donbass People's Militia was formed by Pavel Gubarev, who was elected "People's Governor" of Donetsk Oblast by pro-Russian protesters.[9] It was originally involved in taking control of Ukrainian government buildings in the Donetsk oblast. Tensions increased to the point of the militia being actively involved in fighting a war against the Ukrainian government in the Donbass region of Ukraine. The militia was accused by the Ukrainian government of culpability in the downing of Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 on 17 July 2014. The militias of the Donetsk People's Republic and Luhansk People's Republic, merged into one group on 16 September 2014, forming the "United Armed Forces of Novorossiya".[2]

It is widely believed that the rebels are supported by Russian armed forces.[10] Although the Russian government often denies direct involvement stating that their soldiers were there voluntarily and not under orders, some of them were detained riding their combat vehicles with documents proving their origin in Russian armed forces.[11] Moreover, separatists admitted receiving supplies from Russia and being trained there. BBC reported that separatist ranks are composed of thousands of Russian citizens, and NATO accused Russia of deploying their regular troops into Ukraine.[11][12] Registered Cossacks of the Russian Federation have been reported to be supporting separatists in the conflict as well. DPR prime minister Alexander Zakharchenko claims that there are around 3,000 to 4,000 Russian volunteers fighting for the militia, which includes current and many retired Russian Army servicemen.[13]

History

Pro-Russian rally in Donetsk on April 6, 2014

On April 6, 2014, 2,000 pro-Russian protesters rallied outside the regional administration building in Donetsk.[14] On the same day, groups of protesters in Eastern Ukraine stormed the regional administration buildings in Donetsk, Kharkiv, and the SBU headquarters in Luhansk.[9] The groups created a people's council and demanded a referendum like in Crimea.[14] Within a few days, several government buildings in cities such as Kramatorsk and Sloviansk were also stormed.[15][16][nb 1] On April 12, the supporters of the Donetsk People's Republic and members of Donbass People's Militia set up checkpoints and barricades in Sloviansk.[26] The same day, former members of the Donetsk "Berkut" unit joined the ranks of the Donbass People's Militia.[27] On April 13, the newly established Ukrainian government gave the separatists a deadline to disarm or face a "full-scale anti-terrorist campaign" in the region.[28] Later that day, the first reports of fighting was reported between the people's militia and Ukrainian troops near Sloviansk, with casualties on both sides.[29][30] On April 14, members of the Donbass People's Militia blocked Ukrainian military KrAZ truck's armed with Grad missiles from entering the city.[31][32]

Sloviansk city council under control of Don Cossacks on April 14, 2014

On April 15, a full scale "counter-terrorism" operation was launched by the Ukrainian government with aim of restoring their authority over the area's seized by the militia.[33]

Vostok Battalion members in Donetsk on May 9, 2014

On April 16, the militia entered Sloviansk with six BMD airborne amphibious tracked infantry fighting vehicles[34][35] they obtained from parts of the 25th Airborne Brigade[36] who had switched allegiance.[37][38][39][40] The "occupants" were disarmed after the vehicles were blockaded by locals.[41] The militia also received one self-propelled 120 mm mortar 2S9 "Nona-S"[42][43] On April 20, an unidentified armed group in civilian clothes attacked a Militia checkpoint at the entrance to the city of Sloviansk. Three attackers and three members of Militia were killed.[44] On May 14, eight members of Militia seized an IMR armored vehicle from Novokramatorsky Mashinostroitelny Zavod.[45]

On May 15, the Donbass People's Militia sent an ultimatum to Kiev. They ordered the withdraw all Ukrainian troops from Donetsk oblast.[46] On May 17, several members of the militia seized two BRDM unarmed armored vehicles from Severodonetsk and Lysychansk (Luhansk Oblast)[47] On May 22, the Federal State of Novorossiya was declared. On May 23, several members of people's militia seized another BRDM-RKh unarmed armored vehicle from Loskutovka (Luhansk Oblast)[48]

The militia were widely suspected to be involved in the downing of a civilian airliner, Malaysia Airlines Flight 17, on 17 July 2014.[49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56]

On August 8, the militia claimed that after battles near border with Russia, they captured 67 pieces of equipment with varying status (serviceable equipment without ammunition and fuel, with faults, damaged in battle and completely unusable), including 18 multiple rocket launching systems "Grad", 15 tanks and armored personnel carriers, howitzers, MANPADS, etc.[57] As of August 12, the militia has at least 200 armored vehicles.[58]

The months of July and early August were disastrous for the militias with many analysts saying they were on the verge of defeat before a sudden counteroffensive, which the Ukrainian Government claims was supported by Russian troops, encircled thousands of Ukrainian troops and forced them into a retreat.[59] The militias soon re-captured several strategic positions such as Savur-Mohyla and Luhansk International Airport.[60] The armies of both the Donetsk People's Republic and Luhansk People's Republic merged on 16 September 2014 to form the "United Armed Forces of Novorossiya".[2][61]

Structure

The militia consist of different armed groups, which took the oath for Donetsk People's Republic. Militant groups which refused to do it were disarmed as gangs.[62]

Combat forces

File:Flag of the Vostok Battalion (Donetsk People's Republic).svg
Flag of the Vostok Battalion
Flag of the Sparta Battalion
File:Flag of the Somalia Battalion.svg
Flag of the Somalia Battalion

Donetsk People's Republic

Donbass People's Militia (Template:Lang-ru)

Luhansk People's Republic

Flag of the Prizrak Brigade
Flag of the Rapid Response Group "Batman"

Luhansk People's Militia (Template:Lang-ru). Formerly known as Army of the South-East (Template:Lang-ru) until late 2014.[98][99][100]

Disbanded

  • Sloviansk Brigade - Brigade that was commanded by Igor Strelkov.[109]
  • United Battalions of the DPR and LPR.[119]
    • North Battalion
    • Prizrak Battalion

Non-combat units

  • Novorossiya Humanitarian Battalion (Template:Lang-ru) - non-combat unit involved in protecting the delivery of humanitarian aid.[120]

Commanders

Prime Minister of the DPR, Alexander Zakharchenko

Flags and symbols

Multiple flags and symbols are often used by the armed forces:

Equipment

Main article: List of equipment of the United Armed Forces of Novorossiya

According to independent sources, rebels mostly used equipment that was available domestically before the Ukrainian crisis. However, the rebels were also seen using weapons that were not known to be exported to or otherwise available in Ukraine. Appearance of some of the latest models of Russian military equipment, which was never exported outside of Russia, is particularly noteworthy.[124]

According to the Donetsk People's Republic all its military equipment is "hardware that we took from the Ukrainian military".[125] However, according to the Ukrainian government and the United States Department of State this is a false statement and claim the separatists have received military equipment from Russia, including multiple rocket launch systems and tanks.[126] Despite the fact that Russian officials deny supplying arms to the militia, numerous evidence proves that it is true.[124][126][127] In August 2014 Ukrainian Defense Minister Valeriy Heletey claimed the proof for the weapons supply from Russia was that the fighters of the Donbass People's Militia were using Russian-made weapons that were never used (or bought) by the Ukrainian army.[128]

Among such exclusively Russian equipment seen with pro-Russian separatists are Russian modifications of tank T-72 (particularly T-72B3 and T-72BA seen destroyed in Ukraine[124][129]), infantry fighting vehicle BTR-82AM (adopted in Russia in 2013),[130][131] armored personnel carriers BPM-97,[132][133] sophisticated anti-aircraft system Pantsir-S1,[134][135] multipurpose vehicle GAZ Vodnik (adopted in Russia in 2005),[132] Russian modifications of MT-LB, rocket-propelled flamethrower MRO-A, anti-tank missile Kornet, anti-materiel rifle ASVK, suppressed sniper rifle VSS Vintorez and others.[124][130]

Relationship with Russia

As the conflict intensified, the Donbass People's Militia was bolstered with many volunteers from the former Soviet Union, mainly Russia; including fighters from Chechnya and North Ossetia.[136]

According to the Ukrainian government and the United States Department of State the Donbass People's Militia have received military equipment from Russia, including Russian tanks and multiple rocket launchers.[126] Russia denied doing this and has described the Russian citizens fighting with the Donbass People's Militia as volunteers.[126][137] The Donetsk People's Republic claimed on 16 August 2014 it had received (together with 30 tanks and 120 other armoured vehicles of undisclosed origin) 1,200 "individuals who have gone through training over a four-month period on the territory of the Russian Federation".[138][139] The Donetsk People's Republic claims it has not received military equipment from Russia; but that all its military equipment is "hardware that we took from the Ukrainian military".[125] In August 2014 Ukrainian Defense Minister Valeriy Heletey disputed this claim because (according to him) the fighters of the Donbass People's Militia were using Russian-made weapons that were never used (or bought) by the Ukrainian army; and which thus had to been supplied to them from Russia.[128]

The injured of the Donbass People's Militia were exclusively treated in Russia.[136] During mid-August 2014, hospitals such as the Donetsk Central Hospital in Donetsk, Russia attended to between 10 and 20 injured fighters daily.[136] The Russian Emergency Ministry assisted with treatment logistics.[136] Those questioned and registered by the (Russian) Federal Security Service[136] and treated in Russia during this period stated that they would not return to Ukraine if the Ukrainian army won the War in Donbass,[136] but would, instead, engage in a partisan warfare campaign in Eastern Ukraine.[136]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Since 13 April 2014 all government buildings in Kharkiv are fully under Ukrainian control.[17][18][19][20][20][21][22][23][24] Kharkiv returned to relative calm by 30 April.[25]

References

  1. ^ "Самым неспокойным городом Украины в последние дни неожиданно стал Донецк. «Народное ополчение Донбасса» ... еще 3 марта взяло штурмом областную администрацию"
    Русский и бессмысленный // LENTA.RU от 6 марта 2014
  2. ^ a b c d ДНР и ЛНР приступили к созданию Армии Новороссии. Novorossiya (in Russian). 16 September 2014. Retrieved 19 September 2014.
  3. ^ Ukraine's next battle is Donetsk, but no bombs, please. USA Today. 12 July 2014.
  4. ^ The army of the Lugansk and Donetsk People's Republics has 20,000 fighters - Gubarev. Information Telegraph Agency of Russia. 9 July 2014
  5. ^ "Ukraine rebels plan call-up, want 100,000-strong army". Yahoo News. 2 February 2015. Retrieved 9 February 2015.
  6. ^ "Donetsk, Luhansk armies to form armed forces". Information Telegraph Agency of Russia. 16 September 2014. Retrieved 19 September 2014.
  7. ^ Жители Славянска поддержали «Народное ополчение Донбасса» // "Взгляд.RU" от 12 апреля 2014
  8. ^ ""Народное ополчение Донбасса" строит баррикады"
    Протесты в Славянске Донецкой области // "ИТАР-ТАСС" от 13 апреля 2014
  9. ^ a b c "In northeast Ukraine, pro-Maidan occupiers are routed by counter-demonstrators". The Washington Post. March 1, 2014.
  10. ^ "Ukraine crisis: 'Thousands of Russians' fighting in east". BBC. 28 Aug 2014.
  11. ^ a b "Captured Russian troops 'in Ukraine by accident'". BBC. 26 Aug 2014.
  12. ^ "Ukrainians say Russian troops captured them in east Ukraine". Reuters. 29 Sep 2014.
  13. ^ Around 3-4 thousand Russian volunteers fighting for Donetsk People’s Republic militia. Information Telegraph Agency of Russia. 28 August 2014. Retrieved 29 November 2014.
  14. ^ a b "Pro-Russia Protesters Storm Government Buildings In Eastern Ukrainian Cities". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 6 April 2014. Retrieved 21 January 2015.
  15. ^ "Pro-Russian activists seize Interior Ministry branch in southeast Ukraine". GlobalPost. April 12, 2014.
  16. ^ "Ukraine crisis: Another police building seized in east". BBC. April 12, 2014.
  17. ^ "Pro-Russia activists declare establishment of 'Kharkiv people's republic'". Focus Information Agency. 7 April 2014. Retrieved 13 April 2014.
  18. ^ "Pro-Russian Protesters Declare 'People's Republic' In Kharkiv". LiveLeak.com. 7 April 2014. Retrieved 13 April 2014.
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  20. ^ a b "Kharkiv city government building infiltrated by pro-Russian protesters". Kyiv Post. 13 April 2014. Retrieved 13 April 2014.
  21. ^ "Кернес пообіцяв допомогти звільнити затриманих сепаратистів | Українська правда". Pravda.com.ua. Retrieved 28 April 2014.
  22. ^ Kharkiv torn between Europe and Russia, Deutsche Welle (6 March 2014)
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  25. ^ "Latest from the Special Monitoring Mission in Ukraine – based on information received up until 29 April 2014" (Press release). Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. 30 April 2014. Retrieved 1 May 2014.
  26. ^ На одном из блокпостов около Славянска слышна стрельба и взрывы // "Первый канал" от 13 апреля 2014
  27. ^ «Это наши люди» // «Взгляд.RU» от 12 апреля 2014
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  30. ^ "Ukraine Army Launches 'Anti-Terror' Operation". Sky News via Yahoo! News. 13 April 2014.
  31. ^ Народное ополчение Донбасса задержало грузовики со снарядами для "Града" на въезде в Славянск // "Интерфакс" от 14 апреля 2014
  32. ^ "Представители "Народного ополчения Донбасса" задержали грузовик со снарядами к реактивной системе залпового огня (РСЗО) "Град" на одном из блок-постов возле города Славянск Донецкой области. Об этом сообщили 13 апреля местные СМИ. Источники в силовых структурах признали факт задержания "грузовика с вооружением", отметив, что задержанный автомобиль КрАЗ принадлежит Национальной гвардии Украины"
    СМИ: манифестанты задержали возле Славянска грузовик со снарядами к РСЗО "Град" // ИТАР-ТАСС от 14 апреля 2014
  33. ^ "Ukraine launches counter-terrorism operation in Donetsk region". UPI. April 15, 2014.
  34. ^ "На сторону ополченцев в Славянске перешло уже около 60 военных". RIA. 16 April 2014.
  35. ^ "власти Украины признали, что шесть боевых машин десанта (БМД) у армии отобрали ополченцы"
    Колонна украинской бронетехники под Краматорском прорвала "блокаду" местных жителей, угрожая гранатой // NEWSRU.COM от 16 апреля 2014
  36. ^ "За здачу зброї десантниками у Краматорську відкрито провадження". ukrinform.ua. 17 April 2014.
  37. ^ "Pro-Russian troops enter Ukraine city". Irish Independent. Retrieved 16 April 2014.
  38. ^ "Ukraine crisis: combat vehicles with pro-Russian troops enter town". 16 April 2014.
  39. ^ "Six Ukrainian Army Vehicles Join Pro-Federalist Protesters in Kramatorsk". RIA Novosti.
  40. ^ "In Ukraine, a crisis of bullets and economics". Washington Post.
  41. ^ "Ukraine crisis: Military column 'seized' in Kramatorsk". BBC News.
  42. ^ "самоходная артиллерийская установка «Нона»... была добровольна отдана сопротивлению десантниками 25-й аэромобильной бригады из Днепропетровска в середине апреля"
    Как устроена десантная машина «Нона» - символ сопротивления Донецкой республики // "Московский комсомолец" от 13 мая 2014
  43. ^ Самооборона Славянска обстреляла Нацгвардию из самоходной установки «Нона» // "Взгляд.RU" от 12 мая 2014
  44. ^ Атака на блокпост в Славянске: шестеро погибших // DELFI.LV от 20 апреля 2014
  45. ^ Вооруженные люди вывезли с Новокраматорского завода списанную инженерную машину разграждения // "Интерфакс - Украина" от 14 мая 2014
  46. ^ Ополченцы Донбасса поставили Киеву ультиматум // LENTA.RU от 15 мая 2014
  47. ^ На Луганщине боевики похитили две БРДМ из пожарно-спасательных частей // УНИАН от 18 мая 2014
  48. ^ Ополченцы захватили машину разведки на Луганщине // "iPress.UA" от 23 мая 2014
  49. ^ Miller, Christopher. "Rebel Commander: 'We Did Warn You — Do Not Fly in Our Sky'".
  50. ^ Sterbenz, Christina (July 17, 2014). "Rebel Leader: 'We Have Warned Them — Not To Fly In "Our Sky"' Read more: http://www.businessinsider.com/igor-strelkov-comments-on-malaysia-mh17-2014-7#ixzz37mDNU3Be". Business Insider. {{cite news}}: External link in |title= (help)
  51. ^ Zverev, Anton (Jul 17, 2014). "Malaysian airliner downed in Ukraine war zone, 295 dead". Reuters.
  52. ^ "Ukraine Separatist Social Media Site Claims Plane Downing". July 18, 2014.
  53. ^ "Katastrofa malezyjskiego samolotu na granicy rosyjsko-ukraińskiej. Prawie 300 ofiar. Prezydent Ukrainy: Mógł zostać zestrzelony". Gazeta.pl. 17 July 2014. Archived from the original on 2014-07-26. Retrieved 17 July 2014.
  54. ^ CSMonitor.com - Web evidence points to rebels in downing of MH17
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  58. ^ Для контрнаступления под Донецком ополченцы подготовили 200 бронемашин| For a counter-offensive near Donetsk militia prepared 200 armored vehicles// Vesti.ru, 12 August 2014
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  62. ^ "Бойцы народного ополчения Донбасса принесли присягу провозглашенной ДНР - Fighters of Donbass People's Militia took the oath for DPR (in Russian)". ТАСС.
  63. ^ Батальон "Донбасс": второй бой под Карловкой (in Russian). Profi-forex.org. 6 July 2014. Retrieved 7 January 2015. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  64. ^ Патриотические силы Донбасса (in Russian). Patriotic Forces of Donbass.
  65. ^ Ополченцы "ДНР" хотят создать на основе батальона "Восток" спецназ. RIA Novosti Ukraine. 26 September 2014. Retrieved 4 April 2015.
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  74. ^ Albina Kovalyova. ""Meet the Russian Orthodox Army, Ukrainian Separatists' Shock Troops". / NBC News. 16 May 2014". NBC News.
  75. ^ "В ДНР формируется Шахтерская дивизия-Miner Division formed in DPR". Российская газета.
  76. ^ a b "Три батальона ополченцев готовы отправиться в "горячие точки" Донецкой области -Three battalions of volunteers ready to go to the "hot spots" of Donetsk region (in Russian)". vesti.ru.
  77. ^ "Православный батальон "Восход" создан в ДНР". RIA Novosti. June 18, 2014. Retrieved April 5, 2015.
  78. ^ "Герои Новороссии -Heroes of Novorossiya".
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  81. ^ "СМИ: В боях на Украине участвуют ветераны войны в Южной Осетии- Media: Battles in Ukraine involve veterans from war in South Ossetia (in Russian)".
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  106. ^ Нацболы отбили атаку карателей в ЛНР. interbrigada.org
  107. ^ В бою под Луганском погиб Илья Гурьев. drugoros.ru
  108. ^ Нацбол Кирилл Манулин представлен к ордену. drugoros.ru
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  120. ^ Наталия КУДРЯШОВА. "Сбор лекарств для юго-востока Украины: первая партия, собранная саратовцами, доставлена на границу - Collection of medicine for the south-east of Ukraine: the first batch collected in Saratov, delivered at the border (in Russian)".
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