Mizoch Ghetto: Difference between revisions
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| caption = German police shooting women and children from the Mizocz Ghetto, 14 October 1942 {{-}}{{-}}{{Infobox map | map = WW2-Holocaust-Poland.PNG | map_width = |
| caption = German police shooting women and children from the Mizocz Ghetto, 14 October 1942 {{-}}{{-}}{{Infobox map | map = WW2-Holocaust-Poland.PNG | map_width = 265 | x% = 85 | y% = 70.0 | map_caption = {{small|Mizocz Ghetto location during [[the Holocaust in Poland]] (map of the [[Second Polish Republic|Polish Republic]] from before [[Invasion of Poland|the attack]] superimposed with the Nazi German administrative districts) }} |label=<small>'''Mizocz'''</small> |label_position=right }} |
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| AKA = Mizoch Ghetto |
| AKA = Mizoch Ghetto |
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| location = Near [[Rivne]], formerly in eastern [[Poland]], now in [[western Ukraine]]. |
| location = Near [[Rivne]], formerly in eastern [[Poland]], now in [[western Ukraine]]. |
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The '''Mizocz Ghetto''' was a [[Jewish ghettos in German-occupied Poland|World War II ghetto]] set up by Nazi Germany for the [[History of the Jews in Poland|Polish Jewish community]] |
The '''Mizocz Ghetto''' was a [[Jewish ghettos in German-occupied Poland|World War II ghetto]] set up by Nazi Germany for the [[History of the Jews in Poland|Polish Jewish community]] in [[Mizoch|Mizocz]], located in the [[Zdołbunów]] county of the [[Wołyń Voivodeship (1921–39)|Wołyń Voivodeship]] in the [[Second Polish Republic]] before the Nazi-Soviet [[invasion of Poland]] in 1939.<ref name="wolyn"/> The town of Mizocz (now Mizoch, Ukraine) was situated some {{convert|18|mi}} east of [[Dubno]], which was the County seat.<ref name="jewishgen">JewishGen, [http://data.jewishgen.org/wconnect/wc.dll?jg~jgsys~community~-1038255 Jewish Communities in Volhynia] JewishGen Database, New York.</ref> |
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Mizocz (Yiddish: מיזאָטש) was an urban community, like many others in [[Kresy|eastern Poland]], inhabited by Jews and Poles along with members of other minorities including Ukrainian. There was a military school in Mizocz for the [[officer cadet]]s of the First Brigade Battalion 11 of the Polish Army;<ref name="wolyn"/> the Karwicki Palace,<ref name="wolhynia.pl">{{cite web | url=http://www.wolhynia.pl/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=328:mizocz&catid=24&Itemid=111 | title=Miasteczko Mizocz | publisher=Wołyń - przegląd | work=Roman Aftanazy, "Dzieje rezydencji na dawnych kresach Rzeczypospolitej", Vol. 5, Województwo wołyńskie", 1994, pp. 247-253 | date=2015 | accessdate=19 April 2015 | author=Wołyń}}</ref> a Catholic and an Orthodox church, and a Synagogue. The nearest major city was [[Rivne|Równo]].<ref name="wolyn">{{cite web | url=http://wolyn.ovh.org/opisy/mizocz-11.html | title=Miasteczko Mizocz | publisher=Strony o Wołyniu | work=Instytut Kresowy | date=May 2006 | accessdate=19 April 2015 | author=Andrzej Mielcarek, Wołyń }}</ref> |
Mizocz ([[Yiddish]]: מיזאָטש) was an urban community, like many others in [[Kresy|eastern Poland]], inhabited by Jews and Poles along with members of other minorities including Ukrainian. There was a military school in Mizocz for the [[officer cadet]]s of the First Brigade Battalion 11 of the Polish Army;<ref name="wolyn"/> the Karwicki Palace,<ref name="wolhynia.pl">{{cite web | url=http://www.wolhynia.pl/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=328:mizocz&catid=24&Itemid=111 | title=Miasteczko Mizocz | publisher=Wołyń - przegląd | work=Roman Aftanazy, "Dzieje rezydencji na dawnych kresach Rzeczypospolitej", Vol. 5, Województwo wołyńskie", 1994, pp. 247-253 | date=2015 | accessdate=19 April 2015 | author=Wołyń}}</ref> a Catholic and an Orthodox church, and a Synagogue. The nearest major city was [[Rivne|Równo]].<ref name="wolyn">{{cite web | url=http://wolyn.ovh.org/opisy/mizocz-11.html | title=Miasteczko Mizocz | publisher=Strony o Wołyniu | work=Instytut Kresowy | date=May 2006 | accessdate=19 April 2015 | author=Andrzej Mielcarek, Wołyń }}</ref> |
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== Uprising and mass killings == |
== Uprising and mass killings == |
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Revision as of 16:35, 19 April 2015
| Mizocz Ghetto | |
|---|---|
 German police shooting women and children from the Mizocz Ghetto, 14 October 1942 Template:Infobox map | |
| Also known as | Mizoch Ghetto |
| Location | Near Rivne, formerly in eastern Poland, now in western Ukraine. |
| Date | 14 October 1942 |
| Incident type | Imprisonment without due process, forced labor, mass shootings |
| Perpetrators | Einsatzkommando |
The Mizocz Ghetto was a World War II ghetto set up by Nazi Germany for the Polish Jewish community in Mizocz, located in the Zdołbunów county of the Wołyń Voivodeship in the Second Polish Republic before the Nazi-Soviet invasion of Poland in 1939.[1] The town of Mizocz (now Mizoch, Ukraine) was situated some 18 miles (29 km) east of Dubno, which was the County seat.[2]
Mizocz (Yiddish: מיזאָטש) was an urban community, like many others in eastern Poland, inhabited by Jews and Poles along with members of other minorities including Ukrainian. There was a military school in Mizocz for the officer cadets of the First Brigade Battalion 11 of the Polish Army;[1] the Karwicki Palace,[3] a Catholic and an Orthodox church, and a Synagogue. The nearest major city was Równo.[1]
Uprising and mass killings
On October 12, 1942, the closed-off Ghetto of about 1,700 Jewish people was surrounded by Ukrainian auxiliaries and German policemen in preparation for the ghetto liquidation action and the pacification of its Jewish occupants. The Jews fought back in an uprising which may have lasted as long as two days. About half the residents were able to flee or hide during the confusion before the uprising was finally put down. On October 14, the captured survivors were transported in lorries to a secluded ravine and shot one by one.[4]
Photographs
The shootings were photographed.[5] The images owned by SS-Unterscharführer Schäfer until 1945 became part of the Ludwigsburg investigation (ZSt. II 204 AR 1218/70), published and have become well known. Frequently the photographs are erroneously said to depict other Holocaust shootings. Historians have commented upon the brutality shown in the Mizocz mass murder photographs:
In 1942 at Mizocz, in the region of Rovno in Ukraine, approximately 1,700 Jews were executed. The photographs show large numbers of people being herded into a ravine, women and children undressing, a line of naked women and children in a queue and finally their executed bodies. Two particular harrowing photographs show German police standing among heaps of naked corpses of women strewn on either side of the ravine.[6]
Two of the photographs show the "Aktion" in progress. The photographs give clear evidence of the execution practice common during the Holocaust by bullet in Reichskommissariat Ukraine. The victims were led to the killing place in groups of around five or so individuals, and forced to lie down among the prior victims, to be shot in the back of the neck or head, with a single bullet.[5]
The killings did not stop there. Mizocz was the site of the OUN-UPA massacre of about 100 Poles by Ukrainian nationalists in late August 1943. Some 60 percent of the homes were set on fire and burned.[7] Among the victims was Ukrainian carpenter Mr Zachmacz and his entire family, murdered along with the Poles because he refused to enter the fray. His eight-year-old son survived hiding with the Poles. The remaining Polish community was expelled by the Soviets at the end of World War II.[1]
Notes
- ^ a b c d Andrzej Mielcarek, Wołyń (May 2006). "Miasteczko Mizocz". Instytut Kresowy. Strony o Wołyniu. Retrieved 19 April 2015.
- ^ JewishGen, Jewish Communities in Volhynia JewishGen Database, New York.
- ^ Wołyń (2015). "Miasteczko Mizocz". Roman Aftanazy, "Dzieje rezydencji na dawnych kresach Rzeczypospolitej", Vol. 5, Województwo wołyńskie", 1994, pp. 247-253. Wołyń - przegląd. Retrieved 19 April 2015.
- ^ Shmuel Spector, quoting the memoirs of Peretz Goldstein, The Jews of Volhynia and Their Reaction to Extermination.
- ^ a b Photographs of the Mizocz shootings in the USHMM collection (No. 17876, 17877, 17878, 17879).
- ^ Struk, Janina, Photographing the Holocaust, at pages 72-73.
- ^ Szolc (2015). "Mizocz". Gmina Mizocz, powiat Zdołbunów, województwo wołyńskie. Republika.pl. Retrieved 19 April 2015.
References
- Didi-Huberman, Georges, and Lillis, Shane B., Images in Spite of All: Four photographs from Auschwitz, Chicago : University of Chicago Press, 2008 ISBN 978-0-226-14816-8
- Struk, Janina, Photographing the Holocaust: Interpretations of the evidence, London ; New York : I.B. Tauris, 2004 ISBN 1-86064-546-1
- Shmuel Spector, The Jews of Volhynia and Their Reaction to Extermination, Published in Yad Vashem Studies 15 (1983)
- Patrick Desbois, The Holocaust by Bullets, New York, Palgrave McMillan, 2008 ISBN 0-230-60617-2