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The Marche Slave in B-flat minor, Op. 31 (published as Slavonic March) or Serbo-Russian March (Serbian Cyrillic: Словенски марш / Српско-руски марш, Slovenski marsh / Srpsko-ruski marsh, Template:Lang-ru, Slavyanskiy marsh / Serbsko-russkiy marsh) or Slavic March is an orchestral Tone poem by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky published on October 1876. The title "Marche Slave", by which the piece is generally recognized in the West, is French, the language of culture in Tsarist Russia.

Background

In June 1876, Serbia and the Ottoman Empire were engaged in the Serbo-Turkish War (1876–78). Russia openly supported Serbia. The Russian Musical Society commissioned an orchestral piece from Tchaikovsky for a concert in aid of the Red Cross Society, and ultimately for the benefit of wounded Serbian veterans.^[1]^[2] Many Russians sympathized with their fellow Slavs and Orthodox Christians and sent volunteer soldiers and aid to assist Serbia.

Tchaikovsky referred to the piece as his "Serbo-Russian March" while writing it. It was premiered in Moscow on November 17 [O.S. November 5] 1876, conducted by Nikolai Rubinstein.

The march is highly programmatic in its form and organization. The first section describes the oppression of the Serbs by the Turkish. It uses two Serbian folk songs, "Sunce jarko, ne sijaš jednako" (Bright sun, you do not shine equally),^[3]^[4] "Rado ide Srbin u vojnike" (Gladly does the Serb become a soldier),^[5] giving way to the second section in the relative major key, which describes the Russians rallying to help the Serbs. This is based on a simple melody with the character of a rustic dance which is passed around the orchestra until finally it gives way to a solemn statement of the Russian national anthem "God Save the Tsar". The third section of the piece is a repeat of Tchaikovsky's furious orchestral climax, reiterating the Serbian cry for help. The final section describes the Russian volunteers marching to assist the Serbs. It uses a Russian tune, this time in the tonic major key and includes another blazing rendition of "God Save the Tsar" prophesying the triumph of the Slavonic people over tyranny. The overture finishes with a virtuoso coda for the full orchestra.

The piece shares a few refrains with the 1812 Overture, with which it is frequently paired in performance.

Instrumentation

The march is scored for two flutes, two piccolos, two oboes, two clarinets in B flat, two bassoons, four horns in F, two cornets in B flat, two trumpets in B flat, three trombones (two tenor, one bass), tuba, three timpani, snare drum, cymbals, bass drum, tamtam, and strings.

Notable recordings

Sir Adrian Boult conducting the London Philharmonic Orchestra
Antal Doráti conducting the Detroit Symphony Orchestra
Charles Dutoit conducting the Montreal Symphony Orchestra
Herbert von Karajan conducting the Berlin Philharmonic
Bernard Haitink conducting the Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra of Amsterdam
Fritz Reiner conducting the Chicago Symphony Orchestra
Leonard Slatkin conducting the Saint Louis Symphony Orchestra
Leopold Stokowski conducting the London Symphony Orchestra
Neeme Järvi conducting the Gothenburg Symphony
Leonard Bernstein conducting the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra
Eugene Ormandy conducting the Philadelphia Orchestra

Legacy

A theme from Marche Slave was used by Accept in the title song for their album Metal Heart. The song has since been covered by Dimmu Borgir.

References

Sources

Brown D (1982) "Tchaikovsky: A Biographical and Critical Study, Volume 2 The Crisis Years 1874–1878" pp. 99–102 Victor Gollancz London. ISBN 0-575-03132-8
Garden E (1973) "Tchaikovsky" p. 67 JM Dent and Sons ISBN 0-460-03105-8

External links

[Slavonic_March-1] Slavonic March – Kennedy Center

[2] Tchaikovsky Research – Slavonic March

[Serbian_folk_song:_Sunce_jarko,_ne_sijaš_jednako_1-3] [1]

[Serbian_folk_song:_Sunce_jarko,_ne_sijas_jednako_2-4] [2]

[Serbian_folk_song:_Rado_ide_Srbin_u_vojnike-5] [3]

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[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

@@ Line 8: / Line 8: @@
 Tchaikovsky referred to the piece as his "Serbo-Russian March" while writing it. It was premiered in [[Moscow]] on {{OldStyleDate|November 17|1876|November 5}}, conducted by [[Nikolai Rubinstein]].
-The march is highly programmatic in its form and organization. The first section describes the oppression of the [[Serbs]] by the Turkish. It uses two [[Serbs|Serbian]] [[folk music|folk songs]], "Sunce jarko, ne sijaš jednako" (Bright sun, you do not shine equally),<ref name="Serbian folk song: Sunce jako, ne sijaš jednako 1">[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UXZn7DASlaU]</ref><ref name="Serbian folk song: Sunce jarko, ne sijas jednako 2">[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vuw_0aSKaPk]</ref> "Rado ide Srbin u vojnike" (Gladly does the Serb become a soldier),<ref name="Serbian folk song: Rado ide Srbin u vojnike">[http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=iv&annotation_id=annotation_356288&v=3HyaH89oRns]</ref> giving way to the second section in the relative major key, which describes the Russians rallying to help the Serbs. This is based on a simple melody with the character of a rustic dance which is passed around the orchestra until finally it gives way to a solemn statement of the Russian national anthem "[[God Save the Tsar]]". The third section of the piece is a repeat of Tchaikovsky's furious orchestral climax, reiterating the Serbian cry for help. The final section describes the Russian volunteers marching to assist the [[Serbs]]. It uses a Russian tune, this time in the tonic major key and includes another blazing rendition of "God Save the Tsar" prophesying the triumph of the Slavonic people over tyranny. The overture finishes with a virtuoso coda for the full orchestra.
+The march is highly programmatic in its form and organization. The first section describes the oppression of the [[Serbs]] by the Turkish. It uses two [[Serbs|Serbian]] [[folk music|folk songs]], "Sunce jarko, ne sijaš jednako" (Bright sun, you do not shine equally),<ref name="Serbian folk song: Sunce jarko, ne sijaš jednako 1">[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UXZn7DASlaU]</ref><ref name="Serbian folk song: Sunce jarko, ne sijas jednako 2">[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vuw_0aSKaPk]</ref> "Rado ide Srbin u vojnike" (Gladly does the Serb become a soldier),<ref name="Serbian folk song: Rado ide Srbin u vojnike">[http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=iv&annotation_id=annotation_356288&v=3HyaH89oRns]</ref> giving way to the second section in the relative major key, which describes the Russians rallying to help the Serbs. This is based on a simple melody with the character of a rustic dance which is passed around the orchestra until finally it gives way to a solemn statement of the Russian national anthem "[[God Save the Tsar]]". The third section of the piece is a repeat of Tchaikovsky's furious orchestral climax, reiterating the Serbian cry for help. The final section describes the Russian volunteers marching to assist the [[Serbs]]. It uses a Russian tune, this time in the tonic major key and includes another blazing rendition of "God Save the Tsar" prophesying the triumph of the Slavonic people over tyranny. The overture finishes with a virtuoso coda for the full orchestra.
 The piece shares a few refrains with the ''[[1812 Overture]]'', with which it is frequently paired in performance.

v t e Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
List of compositions Musical style Symphonies The Five Belyayev circle Death
Operas	The Voyevoda Undina The Oprichnik Vakula the Smith Eugene Onegin The Maid of Orleans Mazepa (or Mazeppa) Cherevichki The Enchantress The Queen of Spades Iolanta
Ballets	Swan Lake The Sleeping Beauty The Nutcracker
Symphonies	No. 1 in G minor (Winter Daydreams) No. 2 in C minor (Little Russian) No. 3 in D major (Polish) No. 4 in F minor Symphony in B minor (Manfred) No. 5 in E minor No. 6 in B minor (Pathétique) Symphony in E♭ major (unfinished)
Concertante	Piano Concerto No. 1 in B♭ minor Piano Concerto No. 2 in G major Piano Concerto No. 3 in E♭ major Concert Fantasia Andante and Finale Sérénade mélancolique Valse-Scherzo Violin Concerto in D major Variations on a Rococo Theme Pezzo capriccioso Cello Concerto
Orchestral works	Romeo and Juliet The Tempest Hamlet Capriccio Italien Francesca da Rimini The Storm Fatum The Voyevoda 1812 Overture Marche slave Festival Overture on the Danish National Anthem Festival Coronation March Orchestral Suite No. 1 in D minor Orchestral Suite No. 2 in C major Orchestral Suite No. 3 in G major Orchestral Suite No. 4 in G major (Mozartiana) Serenade for Strings
Vocal music	Liturgy of St John Chrysostom All-Night Vigil Moscow Six Romances (Op. 38)
Chamber music	Quartet Movement in B♭ major String Quartet No. 1 in D major String Quartet No. 2 in F major String Quartet No. 3 in E♭ minor Souvenir d'un lieu cher Piano Trio in A minor String Sextet in D minor (Souvenir de Florence)
Piano music	Scherzo à la russe Souvenir de Hapsal The Seasons Grand Piano Sonata in G major Piano Sonata No. 2 in C♯ minor
Portrayals	Tchaikovsky (1970 film) The Music Lovers (1971 film)
People	Modest Ilyich Tchaikovsky (brother) Vladimir Davydov (nephew) Antonina Miliukova (wife) Nadezhda von Meck (patron)
Related	In popular media Tchaikovsky State House-Museum Tchaikovsky Museum (Votkinsk) Moscow State Tchaikovsky Conservatory Tchaikovsky Symphony Orchestra Chaikovskij (crater) International Tchaikovsky Competition International Tchaikovsky Competition for Young Musicians Life
Category Audio