Methylselenocysteine

Methylselenocysteine (CAS# 26046-90-2), also known as Se-methylseleno-L-cysteine; Selenium-methylselenocysteine or Se-(Methyl)selenocysteine, is best known as "an inhibitor of DMBA-induced mammary tumors" and a "chemopreventive agent that blocks cell cycle progression and proliferation of premalignant mammary lesions and induces apoptosis of cancer cell lines in culture."

"Apoptosis, a programmed process of cell suicide, has been proposed as the most plausible mechanism for the chemopreventive activities of selenocompounds." "Se-Methylselenocysteine was more efficient at inducing apoptosis than selenite, but was less toxic." The "selenite-induced cell death could be derived from necrosis rather than apoptosis, since selenite did not significantly induce several apoptotic phenomena, including the activation of caspase-3."

In the Nutritional Prevention of Cancer Trial, selenized yeast resulted in "a reduction in the incidence of prostate cancer and in total cancer incidence"; subsequent anti-cancer studies using Selenomethionine did not show any benefit against cancer; but, selenized yeast contains both Selenomethionine and methylselenocysteine.

The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) states that Se-methylselenocysteine (CAS# 26046-90-2) is a monomethylated selenoamino acid in which selenium replaces the sulphur of the S-methylcysteine molecule; it is found in selenized yeast, and many vegetables: "As much as 80% of the total selenium" found in Alliums (onion, leek, garlic, ramps) Brassicas (broccoli, radish, Brussels sprouts, cabbage), and milk vetch(Astragalus spp, Fabaceae) "is present as Se-methylselenocysteine." The EFSA Panel concludes that the bioavailability of Selenium from Semethylselenocysteine, "is likely to be similar to that from other organic selenium compounds." Specifically, "It is converted via the action of β-lyase, to methylselenol and then to hydrogen selenide, which is also the key metabolite derived from" all other common forms of selenium. But EFSA concluded that "given the absence of human studies on Se-methylselenocysteine, the relatively sparse database on the bioavailability of selenium from this source and the limited data on the safety of this source compared with other selenium compounds, the Upper Limit for selenium defined by the Scientific Committee on Food cannot be used for judging its safety."