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'''William Willett''' ([[August 10]], [[1856]] – [[March 4]], [[1915]]) is the inventor of [[Daylight saving time]]. |
'''William Willett''' ([[August 10]], [[1856]] – [[March 4]], [[1915]]) is the inventor of [[Daylight saving time]]. |
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Willett was born in [[Farnham, Surrey]], in the [[United Kingdom]], and educated at [[Marylebone Grammar School]]. After some commercial experience, he entered his father's building business, Willett Building Services. Between them they created a reputation for 'Willett built' quality houses in choice parts of [[London]] and the south, notably in [[Chelsea, London|Chelsea]]. He lived most of his life in [[Chislehurst]], [[Kent]], where, it is said, after riding his horse in [[Petts Wood]] near his home early one summer morning and noticing how many blinds were still down, the idea for Daylight Saving Time first occurred to him. |
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This was not the first time that the idea of adapting to daylight hours had been mooted, however. [[Benjamin Franklin]] had done so in [[1784]] in a light-hearted letter published in the ''Journal of Paris'' [http://webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/franklin3.html]. Although Franklin's facetious suggestion was simply that people should get up earlier in summer, he is usually attributed as the inventor of DST while Willett is often ignored. |
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Using his own financial resources, in [[1907]] William published a pamphlet ''The Waste of Daylight'' [http://webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/willett.html]. In it he proposed that the clocks should be advanced by 80 minutes in the summer. The evenings would then remain light for longer, increasing daylight recreation time and also saving 2.5 million pounds in lighting costs. He suggested that the clocks should be advanced by 20 minutes at a time at 2 am on successive Sundays in April and be retarded by the same amount on Sundays in September. |
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[[Image:Willett memorial.JPG|thumb|William Willett is remembered by this memorial sundial in Petts Wood]] |
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Through vigorous campaigning by [[1908]] Willett had managed to gain the support of an [[Member of Parliament|MP]], [[Robert Pearce]], who made several unsuccessful attempts to get it passed into law. A young [[Winston Churchill]] also promoted it for a time (see "A Silent Toast to William Willett" by Winston S. Churchill, ''Pictorial Weekly'', 1934)[http://www.winstonchurchill.org/i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageid=266], and the idea was examined again by a parliamentary select committee in [[1909]] but again nothing was done. The outbreak of the [[World War I|First World War]] made the issue more important primarily because of the need to save [[coal]]. [[Germany]] had already introduced the scheme when the bill was finally passed in Britain on [[May 17]], [[1916]] and the clocks were advanced by an hour on the following Sunday, [[May 21]] — enacted as a wartime production-boosting device under the [[Defence of the Realm Act]]. It was subsequently adopted in many other countries. |
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William Willett junior did not live to see daylight saving become law, as he died of [[influenza]] in 1915 at the age of 58. He is commemorated in [[Petts Wood]] by a memorial [[sundial]], set permanently to Daylight Saving Time. The ''Daylight Inn'' in Petts Wood is also named in his honour. His house in the [[London Borough of Bromley]] is marked with a [[blue plaque]]. |
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==References== |
==References== |
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* Maria Box, ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', (1968 ed.). |
* Maria Box, ''Encyclopedia Britannica'', (1968 ed.). |
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Revision as of 03:56, 27 July 2006
William Willett (August 10, 1856 – March 4, 1915) is the inventor of Daylight saving time.
I like vanilla slices
Australia is the best nation on earth
Coldplay is awesome
References
- Maria Box, Encyclopedia Britannica, (1968 ed.).
- Donald Carle, British Time, (London: Crosby Lockwood, 1947).
- D. Prout, Victorian Society Annual, (1989), 217-46.
- Andrew Saint, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.