Norteños: Difference between revisions
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| rivals = [[Sureños]], [[Mexican Mafia]], [[Fresno Bulldogs]], [[18th Street Gang]], [[Aryan Brotherhood]], [[Nazi Lowriders]], [[MS-13]] |
| rivals = [[Sureños]], [[Mexican Mafia]], [[Fresno Bulldogs]], [[18th Street Gang]], [[Aryan Brotherhood]], [[Nazi Lowriders]], [[MS-13]] |
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The '''Norteños''' ([[Spanish language|Spanish]]: {{IPA-es|noɾˈteɲos|}} meaning ''Northerners'', ''Norteñas'' for females) are the various, loosely affiliated street gangs that pay tribute to the [[Nuestra Familia]] while in Federal and State correctional facilities.<ref>http://www.co.tulare.ca.us/pdfs/LawEnforcementPresentation.pdf</ref> Norteños may refer to Northern California as ''{{lang|es|Norte}}'', Spanish for "north." Their biggest rivals are the [[Sureños]] from Southern California.<ref>http://www.sampsonsheriff.com/otherforms/20051011_surenos.pdf</ref><ref name="LA Times">{{cite news|first=Tim|last=Reiterman|url = http://www.latimes.com/news/printedition/california/la-adme-gangs24feb24,0,2583830.story| title = Small towns, big gang issues|work = Los Angeles Times|date=2008-02-24|archiveurl=http://www.safeneighborhoodsact.com/CrimeStories/tabid/69/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/44/Small-towns-big-gang-issues.aspx|archivedate=2008-02-23}}</ref> The statewide dividing line between Norteños and Sureños has roughly been accepted as the rural community of [[Bakersfield, California]].<ref name="LA Times"/><ref name="Morales"/> |
187 NORTPUTOS The '''Norteños''' ([[Spanish language|Spanish]]: {{IPA-es|noɾˈteɲos|}} meaning ''Northerners'', ''Norteñas'' for females) are the various, loosely affiliated street gangs that pay tribute to the [[Nuestra Familia]] while in Federal and State correctional facilities.<ref>http://www.co.tulare.ca.us/pdfs/LawEnforcementPresentation.pdf</ref> Norteños may refer to Northern California as ''{{lang|es|Norte}}'', Spanish for "north." Their biggest rivals are the [[Sureños]] from Southern California.<ref>http://www.sampsonsheriff.com/otherforms/20051011_surenos.pdf</ref><ref name="LA Times">{{cite news|first=Tim|last=Reiterman|url = http://www.latimes.com/news/printedition/california/la-adme-gangs24feb24,0,2583830.story| title = Small towns, big gang issues|work = Los Angeles Times|date=2008-02-24|archiveurl=http://www.safeneighborhoodsact.com/CrimeStories/tabid/69/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/44/Small-towns-big-gang-issues.aspx|archivedate=2008-02-23}}</ref> The statewide dividing line between Norteños and Sureños has roughly been accepted as the rural community of [[Bakersfield, California]].<ref name="LA Times"/><ref name="Morales"/> |
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==History== |
==History== |
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Revision as of 18:32, 25 May 2015
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (February 2012) |
| Founded | 1968[1] |
|---|---|
| Founding location | Northern California |
| Years active | 1968–present |
| Territory | Primarily Northern California and Central California, Mexico, Germany, other U.S. states. |
| Ethnicity | Predominately Mexican-American, Multiracial |
| Criminal activities | Murder,[2] Drug trafficking,[2][3] arms trafficking, assault,[3] Extortion, auto theft,[2][3] burglary,[2] robbery[2][3] |
| Allies | Nuestra Familia, Latin Kings, People Nation, Bloods |
| Rivals | Sureños, Mexican Mafia, Fresno Bulldogs, 18th Street Gang, Aryan Brotherhood, Nazi Lowriders, MS-13 |
187 NORTPUTOS The Norteños (Spanish: [noɾˈteɲos] meaning Northerners, Norteñas for females) are the various, loosely affiliated street gangs that pay tribute to the Nuestra Familia while in Federal and State correctional facilities.[4] Norteños may refer to Northern California as Norte, Spanish for "north." Their biggest rivals are the Sureños from Southern California.[5][6] The statewide dividing line between Norteños and Sureños has roughly been accepted as the rural community of Bakersfield, California.[6][7]
History
In 1968,[8] Mexican American inmates of the California state prison system separated into two rival groups, Norteños (northerners)[9] and Sureños (southerners), according to the locations of their hometowns (the north–south Dividing line is Bakersfield), Ca. Norteños, affiliated with the Nuestra Familia, were prison enemies of the Southern Latinos, who are composed of members and affiliates of La Eme, better known as the Mexican Mafia. While the Mexican Mafia had initially been created to protect Mexicans in prison, there was a perceived level of abuse by members of La Eme towards the imprisoned Latinos from rural farming areas of Northern California.[10] The spark that led to the ongoing war between Norteños and members of the Mexican Mafia involved a situation in which a member of La Eme allegedly stole a pair of shoes from a Northerner. This event put into motion the longest-running gang war in the state of California.[10]
Culture
Norteños use the number 14 which represents the fourteenth letter of the alphabet, the letter N, in order to pay allegiance to Nuestra Familia.[11][12] It is sometimes written in Roman numerals as XIV, or a hybrid of Roman and Arabic numerals, X4. Norteño emblems and clothing are based on the color red, and sometimes black.[11] A typical Norteño outfit is being "flamed up" including a red belt, red shoes, and red shoelaces.[11] They will also favor sports team apparel that shows their affiliation through symbolism such as the Chicago Bulls, UNLV, K-Swiss, Raiders, and San Francisco 49ers.[11] Some Norteños will tattoo themselves with four dots.[13] A Norteño derogatorily refers to a Sureño as a "scrap" (Hispanicized scrapa) or "Sur (sewer) rat". Norteños also lay claim to images of the Mexican-American labor movement, such as the sombrero, machete, and "Huelga bird," symbols of the United Farm Workers.[13]
Criminal activity
Norteños have trafficked drugs across the Mexican border. Their receiving members include other Norteños, Sinaloa Cartel and also in few cases Mexican Narcs.[7]
January 9, 2005, Officer Sam Ryno was first to respond to a call of a man with a gun in front of George's Liquors. Andres Raya, a U.S. Marine on leave after serving in Iraq, was armed with an SKS rifle and opened fire on officers, hitting Officer Ryno and killing Sergeant Stevenson. Raya was shot dead some time later after he opened fire on SWAT team members.[14]
Law enforcement officials claimed Raya had been involved in gangs for years prior to him signing up for military service. Modesto authorities discovered information during the investigation into the shooting that shows Raya was a Norteño gang member who was not involved in combat during his tour of duty in Iraq. A cooperative effort between local law enforcement, federal and military agencies revealed a large amount of information about Raya in a short amount of time.[15][16]
Operation Black Widow
Federal law enforcement agencies, long unable to infiltrate the group, began to step up their investigations in the late 1990s. In 2000 and 2001, 22 members were indicted on Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO) charges including several who were allegedly serving as high-ranking gang leaders while confined in Pelican Bay.[9] Thirteen of the defendants pleaded guilty; the other cases are still ongoing. Two of the defendants face the death penalty for ordering murders related to the drug trafficking. The largest of the federal investigations was Operation Black Widow.[9] In the aftermath of Operation Black Widow, the five highest ranking leaders of the Norteños were transferred to a federal supermaximum prison in Florence, Colorado.
See also
References
- ^ "Tracking Surenos - Article - POLICE Magazine". Policemag.com. 2000-02-01. Retrieved 2014-02-05.
- ^ a b c d e "Gangs in the United States" (PDF). Narcotics Digest Weekly: 1–12. October 4, 2005.
- ^ a b c d "Gang Injunction". Oaklandcityattorney.org. Retrieved 2014-02-05.
- ^ http://www.co.tulare.ca.us/pdfs/LawEnforcementPresentation.pdf
- ^ http://www.sampsonsheriff.com/otherforms/20051011_surenos.pdf
- ^ a b Reiterman, Tim (2008-02-24). "Small towns, big gang issues". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 2008-02-23.
- ^ a b "> Nortenos". Gang Prevention Services. Retrieved 2014-02-05.
- ^ Kinnear, Karen L. (2008). Gangs: A Reference Handbook (Contemporary World Issues). Santa Barbara, Calif: ABC-CLIO. p. 192. ISBN 1-59884-125-4.
- ^ a b c "Federal indictments crack vast prison crime ring". The Press Democrat. Archived from the original on 2001-05-08. Retrieved 2001-02-21.
- ^ a b Hennessey, Virginia (2003-11-23). "An End to the Cycle". The Monterey County Herald. Retrieved 2009-06-13.
- ^ a b c d Bulwa, Demian (2005-05-27). "Sureño gang's threat growing in Bay Area". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved 2009-06-13.
- ^ Barkan, S. E., & Bryjak, G. J. (2011). Fundamentals of criminal justice: A sociological view. (2nd ed., p. 115). Sudbury, MA: Jones and Barlett Learning.
- ^ a b Herendeen, Susan (2007-09-20). "Gangs thriving in Modesto". The Modesto Bee. Retrieved 2009-06-13.
- ^ Finz, Stacy; Stannard, Matthew B. "Police shoot Marine dead after local sergeant is slain / Liquor store's video surveillance camera recorded shootout" from San Francisco Chronicle (January 11, 2005)
- ^ New Information About Andres Raya and His Gang Affiliation, press release from City of Ceres (January 14, 2005)
- ^ Why Andres Raya Snapped
External links
