Bristol Harbour Railway

Bristol Harbour Railway
Train near the Fairbairn steam crane
Locale	Bristol
Terminus	Prince's Wharf
Commercial operations
Built by	Great Western Railway
Original gauge	4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm)
Preserved operations
Stations	3
Preserved gauge	4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm)
Commercial history
Opened	1872 and 1906
Closed	1987

The Bristol Harbour Railway is a preserved railway in Bristol, England operated by Bristol Museums Galleries & Archives. It runs for about a mile along the south side of Bristol Harbour, starting at M Shed (the former Bristol Industrial Museum (51.4483°N 2.5969°W / 51.4483; -2.5969 (Bristol Harbour Railway (Prince Street end)))), stopping at the SS Great Britain, and ending at B Bond Warehouse (home of the Create Centre), one of the large tobacco warehouses beside Cumberland Basin (51.4466°N 2.6213°W / 51.4466; -2.6213 (Bristol Harbour Railway (Cumberland Basin end))).

Bristol Harbour Railway
to the Southwest Butterfly Junction Royal Portbury Dock Ashton Swing Bridge Severn Estuary CREATE Centre Parson Street Old & New Junction Locks Vauxhall Bridge Albion Dockyard Cumberland Road Bridge SS Great Britain Malago Colliery Canons Marsh Bedminster Floating Harbour Western Fuel Concentration Co Princes Wharf Pylle Hill Parcel Depot Bathurst Basin Redcliffe Tunnel River Frome River Avon (New Cut) Redcliffe Goods  A4  Bath Road (Redcliffe Viaduct) Temple Meads (Original station)  A4044  Temple Way (Victoria Street Bridge) Bristol Temple Meads Temple Meads Goods River Avon to London, Wales & the North

History

The original Bristol Harbour Railway was a joint venture by the GWR and sister company the Bristol and Exeter Railway, opened in 1872 between Temple Meads and the Floating Harbour. Its route included a tunnel under St Mary Redcliffe church and a steam-powered bascule bridge over the entrance locks at Bathurst Basin. In 1876 the railway was extended by 1⁄2 mile (0.80 km) to Wapping Wharf.

By Act of Parliament of 1897, the GWR was authorised to make an eastwards connection between the BHR and the Portishead Railway, and then create the West Loop at Ashton Gate which would face south towards Taunton and Exeter St Davids. This connection would allow a doubling of BHR rail access capacity to the Great Western main line. In 1906 this authorised extension was constructed, with new branches from the south via the Ashton Swing Bridge were built to: Canons Marsh on the north side of the Floating Harbour; and to Wapping via a line alongside the New Cut.

The Temple Meads connection was closed and the track lifted in 1964 (the bascule bridge engine survives in Bristol Museums). The Canons Marsh branch closed the following year, with the Canons Marsh goods shed is now the home of Explore At-Bristol, a hands-on science centre. The Western Fuel Company continued to use the branch from the Portishead line and Wapping marshalling yard for commercial coal traffic until 1987.

Preservation

In 1978, the preserved railway was established as an element of Bristol Industrial Museum using locomotives built in Bristol and formerly used at Avonmouth Docks. At first, it connected the museum with the SS Great Britain, but when commercial rail traffic ceased in 1987 the museum railway expanded to use the branch alongside the New Cut. When the Portishead Railway was relaid the connection at Ashton Junction was severed.

Today the railway operates on selected weekends on standard gauge track over 1.5 miles (2.4 km). The railway is currently in use as far as B Bond Warehouse (home to the Create Centre and Bristol Record Office), a mile from the museum. On the south side of the harbour the railway crosses Spike Island, the narrow strip of land between the harbour and the River Avon, and clings to the side of the river as far as the junction with the northern branch at the Cumberland Basin. The former route east over the Swing Bridge is now the Pill Pathway rail trail and cycleway.

In 2006, Bristol Industrial Museum was closed and the site redeveloped into M Shed Museum of Bristol. The railway continues to operate between SS Great Britain Halt and the Create Centre, and in 2011 the railway became part of M Shed's working exhibits.

In 2010, Bristol City Council, in partnership with other local councils in the area, proposed that the route of the railway should be used for a bus rapid transit route to serve the south-west of the city. In early 2013, a review of alternative routes recommended a route along Cumberland Road, Commercial Road and Redcliff Hill as the best alternative. This change of route means that the rapid transit buses would no longer use the railway.

Rolling stock

Number and name	Built	Description	Current status	Livery	Image
242	1874	Fox, Walker and Company 0-6-0ST	Stored unrestored
1764 Portbury	1917	Avonside Engine Company 0-6-0ST	On loan to Beamish Museum	IW&D grey and black
1766 Kilmersdon	1937	Peckett and Sons 0-6-0ST	Operational (here on loan)	S&DJR blue
1940 Henbury	1937	Peckett and Sons 0-6-0ST	Stored	Lined green
418792	1959	Ruston & Hornsby 0-4-0DM Seabank Gas Works (Avonmouth) shunter	Operational	Green	File:Ruston-shunter-m-shed-2013.jpg

The steam locomotives were formerly part of the aborted preservation scheme at Radstock North. There is also a collection of wagons, some of which have been converted for passenger use while others are used for demonstration goods trains.

External links

• Bristol Industrial Museum
• Note on the Railway's opening
• Fray Bentos (6 June 1974). "Victoria Street Bridge, linking Temple Meads" (photograph). 1970s photographs of lost Bristol.
• Fray Bentos (6 June 1974). "Victoria Street Bridge, linking Temple Meads" (photograph). 1970s photographs of lost Bristol.

Sources

• New page for M Shed Museum "M Shed Working Exhibits". Official M Shed Website.
• Old version of the museum's web page, now located at "Bristol's Industrial Museum". Bristol City Council: leisure and culture. Retrieved 22 March 2005.
• Unofficial behind the scenes blog on Bristol Harbour Railway "BHR Blog". Bristol Harbour Railway Blog.