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The famous art historian H.W. Janson worked there for a time and helped to build the museum collection. As well, Hudson had recruited a number of important artists to teach at the university including Max Beckmann, Philip Guston, Stephen Green, and Werner Drewes. <ref>http://www.stlmag.com/arts/Edward-Boccia-Remembered/</ref>
The famous art historian H.W. Janson worked there for a time and helped to build the museum collection. As well, Hudson had recruited a number of important artists to teach at the university including Max Beckmann, Philip Guston, Stephen Green, and Werner Drewes. <ref>http://www.stlmag.com/arts/Edward-Boccia-Remembered/</ref>



Mid Century:
Mid Century:


In 1956, Boccia began his altarpiece series for which he would be most well known, although many remained hidden within his studio for over fifty years and have only been recently uncovered by a research project led by the late artist’s trust.
In 1956, Boccia began his altarpiece series for which he would be most well known, although many remained hidden within his studio for over fifty years and have only been recently uncovered by a research project led by the late artist’s trust. <ref>“New Talent in the U.S.A.” Katherine Kuh, Art in America, Vol. 44, No. 1, February 1956, 10 – 55.</ref>
“New Talent in the U.S.A.” Katherine Kuh, Art in America, Vol. 44, No. 1, February 1956, 10 – 55.
“New Talent in the U.S.” H. H. Arnason, Art in America, Vol. 46, No. 1, Spring 1958, 12 – 29.
“New Talent in the U.S.” H. H. Arnason, Art in America, Vol. 46, No. 1, Spring 1958, 12 – 29.
Weller, Allen. Contemporary American Painting and Sculpture, March 3 – April 7, 1957, University of Illinois, Urbana, 1957.
Weller, Allen. Contemporary American Painting and Sculpture, March 3 – April 7, 1957, University of Illinois, Urbana, 1957.

Revision as of 19:30, 15 June 2015

  • Comment: The artwork section especially seems to contain interpretation and generalizations about the paintings instead of specific information. BenLinus1214talk 23:29, 8 February 2015 (UTC)
  • Comment: Additionally, please see WP:REFB on how to properly format inline citations. Primefac (talk) 16:40, 9 January 2015 (UTC)
  • Comment: Please see other articles on Artists to get an idea of how to properly format the text into sections. Additionally, there are a lot of weasel words and puffery in the draft as it currently reads which will need to be taken care of. Primefac (talk) 16:39, 9 January 2015 (UTC)

Edward Eugene Boccia (1921–2012) was an American painter and poet who lived and worked in St. Louis, Missouri and served as a university professor at Washington University, St. Louis.[1] Boccia's work was mostly comprised of large scale paintings in Neo-Expressionist style, and reflect an interest in religion and its role in the modern world, his primary format was the altarpiece painting.[2]

Widely exhibited during his lifetime, and the focus of a number of retrospective and solo exhibits, the artist created over 1,000 paintings, and over fifty large scale altarpiece format oil paintings in a neo-expressionist style, for which he was most admired such as Mystique Marriage (1979).[3] The American collector of avant garde European modernism Morton D. May was Boccia's most important patron, and held a large collection of Boccia's work.[4]

Artist's Life

Born to Italian parents in Newark, New Jersey, Boccia attended the Newark School of Fine Arts. He studied at the Pratt Institute and the Art Students League, New York,[5] where he met his wife Madeleine Wysong. Boccia served in World War II, in the 603 Camouflage engineer unit known in the Ghost Army. This unique battalion was made up of his artistic peers, their tasks including creating decoys including inflatable tanks and other artillery along the British coastline to deceive the Nazis.[6][7][8][9][10][11] After the war, Boccia earned a BA and an MA at Columbia University while concurrently teaching art at the Columbus Art School in Ohio, where he introduced the Bauhaus teaching method to his students. In 1951, he was appointed Assistant Dean of Fine Arts at the Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, where he taught painting for over 30 years. [12]

St. Louis, Washington University

Boccia's appointment followed in the steps of other modernist artists including Phillip Guston, Stephen Greene, and the German Expressionist master Max Beckmann, all of whom worked at the university before Boccia's tenure.[13][14] The development of the vibrant artistic culture of the university owed much to the collecting activities of the art historian H.W. Jansen who headed the university gallery and was committed to modern art. [15]While Boccia spent the majority of his time in his studio, his time at the university was important to his artistic growth.

Artwork

Boccia's themes are linked to the mystical, occult, and theosophical traditions of modern art including the belief in the messianic role of the artist, seen in the work of the Symbolists, as well as the pictures of Paul Gauguin and Oskar Kokoschka among others. [16] Specifically, Boccia includes numerous self-portraits, and uses examples of esoteric imagery such as the androgyne and the hermaphrodite. The works for which the artist is most well known are the multi-panel works in Expressionist style.

Boccia's work shows the influence of Max Beckmann, and he was well aware of the older artist's work through May's collection.[17]

Boccia is currently the subject of all large-scale critical monograph in progress, authored by Rosa JH Berland, in cooperation with the Edward E. and Madeleine P. Boccia Artist Trust, St. Louis, Missouri.

In addition to his painting, Boccia was a published poet and the subject of numerous solo exhibits and group shows, the most recent being his inclusion in the show" The Ghost Army of World War II, The Salmagundi Club Gallery, New York, New York June 14, 2015 - June 25, 2015" honoring the special batallion of WW II, the Ghost Army whose artistic ingeniuty allowed them to create visual tricks to fool the Nazis into believing the Allied ground power was stronger than the reality. This exhibit is coordinated with the PBS 2013 Film Ghost Army as well as Rick Beyer and Elizabeth Sayle’s 2015 book The Ghost Army of World War II, Princeton Architectural Press,

[18]

Other recent exhibits include a posthumous show at St. Louis University Art Museum as well as an exhibit at The Sheldon Art Galleries in 2013.[19]

Museum Collections

Boccia’s art is found in the collections of art museums including The Kemper Art Museum, St. Louis[20]; St. Louis University Museum of Art; St. Louis Art Museum; Denver Art Museum; Nelson-Atkins Museum, Kansas City [21]; Museum of Art, Fort Lauderdale [22] ; The Weatherspoon Art Museum, The University of North Carolina, Greensboro and the National Gallery Athens, Greece. [23]

A number of commissioned works are on view in religious and public institutions and the artist’s work is held by over 600 private collectors.[24]

References

  1. ^ "Edward Boccia Remembered". St. Louis Magazine.
  2. ^ "Edward Boccia - Museum of Contemporary Religious Art". wordpress.com.
  3. ^ Archives of The Edward E. Boccia & Madeline P. Boccia Trust, St. Louis, Missouri. Boccia, Edward E. 2007.
  4. ^ "Morton D. May". wikipedia.org.
  5. ^ "Edward Boccia Dead: Seminal Figurative Expressionist Painter Dies At 91 (SLIDESHOW)". The Huffington Post.
  6. ^ R. Beyer and E. Sayles. Artists of Deception – The Ghost Army of World War II, Plate of Peas Productions, New York, 2011.
  7. ^ The Ghost Army, PBS, DVD, 2013.
  8. ^ R. Beyer and E. Sayles. The Ghost Army of World War II, Princeton Architectural Press, 2015.
  9. ^ http://www.ghostarmy.org/bio/f/Inside_the_23rd/413
  10. ^ http://www.ghostarmy.org/images/resources/resources-603rdCamouflageEngineerRoster.pdf
  11. ^ https://www.stlbeacon.org/#!/content/26916/edward_boccia_obit_090712
  12. ^ "Edward Boccia, professor emeritus of art, 91". wustl.edu.
  13. ^ http://www.slu.edu/sluma-home/past-exhibitions/2013/edward-boccia-figurative-expressionist
  14. ^ Lee Enterprises. "Edward Boccia dies: Washington University teacher and artist who became famous by doing things his way". stltoday.com.
  15. ^ Sabine Eckmann, “Exilic Vision: H.W. Janson and the Legacy of Modern Art at Washington University.” (St. Louis: Washington University Gallery of Art, 2002), 9-42.
  16. ^ St. Louis Museum of Art, Edward Boccia Figural Expressionist, Exhibit Catalog, January 2013
  17. ^ The Morton D. May Collection of 20th century German Masters, St. Louis City Art Museum, 1970.
  18. ^ http://www.prweb.com/releases/2015/06/prweb12777875.htm
  19. ^ http://www.slu.edu/x70635.xml
  20. ^ "Edward Boccia". wustl.edu.
  21. ^ http://www.nelson-atkins.org/collections/collection-history-american-viewall.cfm
  22. ^ "NSU Art Museum Fort Lauderdale - Museum". moafl.org.
  23. ^ "National gallery". nationalgallery.gr.
  24. ^ "TWO HEADS". kodnergallery.com.

Additional reading

  • Boccia and Friends, McCaughen & Burr Fine Arts Gallery, St. Louis, Missouri.
  • Bookbinder, Judith A. 2005. Boston Modern: Figurative Expressionism as Alternative Modernism, UPNE.
  • Hills, Patricia. 2001. Modern art in the USA: issues & controversies of the 20th century. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall.
  • Barron, Stephanie, Sabine Eckmann, & Matthew Affron. 1997. Exiles + Emigrés: The Flight of European Artists from Hitler. Los Angeles County Museum of Art.
  • Beckmann, Max, & George Scrivani. 1988. On My Painting. Madras [India]: Hanuman Books.
  • Bronner, Stephen E. & Douglas Kellner, Editors. 1988. The Passion & Rebellion: The Expressionist Heritage. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Cohn, S. L. 1985. Edward Boccia, The Triptychs. Washington University, St. Louis, School of Fine Arts, Exhibit Catalog.
  • Dijkstra, Bram. 2003. American Expressionism: Art and Social Change, 1920-1950. New York: Harry N. Abrams.
  • Herskovic, Marika Editor. 2009. American Abstract and Figurative Expressionism: Style is Timely, Art is Timeless. New York School Press.
  • Schimmel, Paul, & Judith E. Stein. 1988. The Figurative Fifties: New York Figurative Expressionism. Newport Beach, Calif: Newport Harbor Art Museum.
  • Sidney Janis Gallery. 1984. Modern Expressionists: German, Italian & American painters. New York: Sidney Janis Gallery.
  • Schulz-Hoffmann, Carla. 1984. Max Beckmann: Retrospective. St. Louis: Saint Louis Art Museum.
  • E. Boccia: A Retrospective Exhibition, October 30 – December 8, 1960, St. Louis University, M. B. McNamee, Editor. 1960.
  • Edward Boccia: A Ten-Year Retrospective 1959-1969, September 6 –28, 1969, Spanish International Pavilion, St. Louis.
  • Edward E. Boccia, Dada Gallery, Athens, Greece, 1981.
  • Edward E. Boccia: A Retrospective, April 23 – May 29, 1983, Mitchell Museum, Mt. Vernon Illinois.
  • Boccia: The Triptychs, December 8, 1985 – January 5, 1986, School of Fine Arts, Washington University
  • Edward E. Boccia: A Retrospective, McCaughhen & Burr Fine Arts Gallery, St. Louis, Missouri, 2005
  • Ed Boccia: Multi-Paneled Paintings, September 8 – October 3, 2010, Boyle Family Gallery, Lindenwood University, St. Charles, Missouri.
  • Berland, Rosa. “About the Artist.” Edward Boccia: Figurative Expressionist, January 18 – March 3, 2013, St. Louis University Museum of Art.

Cite error: A <ref> tag is missing the closing </ref> (see the help page).


Mid Century:

In 1956, Boccia began his altarpiece series for which he would be most well known, although many remained hidden within his studio for over fifty years and have only been recently uncovered by a research project led by the late artist’s trust. [1]

“New Talent in the U.S.” H. H. Arnason, Art in America, Vol. 46, No. 1, Spring 1958, 12 – 29. Weller, Allen. Contemporary American Painting and Sculpture, March 3 – April 7, 1957, University of Illinois, Urbana, 1957.

During this time, the well-known art collector Morton May began amassing an enormous collection of Boccia’s artwork. May had one of the most significant collections of German Expressionist artwork in America, and in particularly a number of Beckmann paintings. “Major St. Louis Collection on View: Morton D. May Expressionist Works at Pius XII Library.” George McCue, St. Louis Post Dispatch, February 14, 1960. “Artist in Rome.” St. Louis Post-Dispatch, July, 1959. “Artist’s Reflections from Italy.” St. Louis Post Dispatch, July 26, 1959. “Education of the Artist.” Washington University Magazine, June 1960. “Some Notes by the Artist.” E. Boccia: A Retrospective Exhibition, St. Louis University, M. B. McNamee, Editor. 1960. “Essay on Painting.” Washington University Alumni News, Vol. 6, No. 3, May 1964.

The artist continued to teach students until his retirement and create monumental paintings some of the most significant being a series of multi paneled painting some up to nine panels.

Some of the most well regarded pieces deal with the death of his son David in 1984 and are painted in a combination of styles including Surrealist, Expressionist and Magical Realist including David’s Death (2004) and Pieta (1984). Boccia painted into his eighties and was most recently honored by a posthumous exhibition at the St. Louis University Museum of Art, January 2013.

Additional References:

  • “American Painting Today,” Grand Rapids Gallery Catalog, Grand Rapids, Michigan, January 1961.
  • A Galaxy of Treasures from St. Louis Collections, January 18 – February 12, 1961, City Art Museum of St. Louis, 1961.
  • Jewish Community Centers Association Catalog, St. Louis, July 1963.
  • Sixteenth North Mississippi Valley Artists Exhibit, July 7 – September 22, 1963, Illinois State Museum, Springfield, Illinois, 1963.
  • Draftsmen in Missouri, Gallery of the Loretto-Hilton Center, Webster College, St. Louis, Missouri, 1968.
  • Ten Missouri Painters, Missouri State Council on the Arts, 1968. Washington University Art Faculty and Photographs by Walter Grossman, Mitchell Museum, Mt. Vernon, Illinois, 1980.
  • Art St. Louis II, Thompson Center, St. Louis Artists Coalition, 1986.
  • “Paintings Reminiscent of Cubism.” Nancy Rice, St. Louis Post Dispatch, 16 April 1990.
  • American Gallery Catalog. St. Louis, Missouri, February 1992.
  • Nexus – Generations of the Artistic Spirit, October 29, 1995 – January 14, 1996, St. Louis Artist’ Guild.
  • Halpert, V. B. Continuing Tradition: Doubly Gifted Artists, February 5 – May 30, 1999, Atelier A/E, New York.
  • Edward Boccia: About the Artist, March 23 – April 16, 2000, Dresser Foundation Gallery, The Regina A. Quick Center for the Arts, St. Louis.
  • Boccia and Friends, A Spring Drawing Exhibition, April 14 – April 28, 2007, McCaughen & Burr Fine Arts Gallery, St. Louis.
  • Good Friday, February 15 – April 26, 2009, Museum of Contemporary Religious Art, St. Louis University.
  • Friedman Hamilton, Lynn. Maturity and Its Muse, October 1, 2010 – February 5, 2011, Sheldon Art Galleries & Nancy Spirtas Kranzberg Gallery, St. Louis.
  • “Six Weeks Art Course at Murray Point, Emma Lake.” Prince Albert Daily Herald, August 1, 1960.
  • “New Status for Old Cathedral.” Edward A. Higgins, St. Louis Post Dispatch, September 22, 1963.
  • “Only a Beginning.” Newsweek, September 7, 1964.
  • “Artistic Gift.” The Advocate, November 21, 1968.
  • “Edward Boccia Show: Elegant, Intriguing.” John Brod Peters, St. Louis Globe Democrat, 13-14 September, 1969.
  • “Crucifixion as Art Theme.” Victor Rauch, Kalamazoo Gazette, January 17, 1971.
  • “Edward Boccia Exhibit at St. Charles Gallery.” John Brod Peters, St. Louis Globe Democrat, September 25 – 26, 1971.
  • “The Human Figure: Two Artists’ View.” James Auer, Milwaukee Journal, 1975.
  • “Trova Exhibits Monuments; Boccia, Radulovic Exhibitions.” St. Louis Post Dispatch, April 20, 1975.
  • “Paintings Boccia at Fontbonne.” Joan Lipkin, St. Louis Post Dispatch, November 28, 1976.
  • “Meet Morton D. May.” Elaine Viets, St. Louis Post Dispatch, July 2, 1978.
  • “Works by Boccia, Wayne on Display.” Joseph O. Fischer, St. Louis Globe Democrat, October 14, 1978.
  • “Boccia’s Paintings Shown at New Nornberg Gallery.” Michael G. Rubin, St. Louis Globe Democrat, November 27–28, 1982.
  • “Kohn’s View of Cities; Boccia’s Mixed Media.” Robert W. Duffy, St. Louis Post Dispatch, 1982.
  • “Boccia Exhibition Dedicated to May.” Record Washington University in St. Louis, April 28, 1983.
  • “Edward E. Boccia.” Sydell Pollack, New Art Examiner, January 1983.
  • “Patron of the Arts is Too Modest a Term.” Anita Buie Lamont, St. Louis Globe Democrat, April 28, 1983.
  • “Southern Illinois Hospitality for Edward Boccia’s Big Show.” Robert W. Duffy, St. Louis Post-Dispatch, May 15, 1983.
  • “An Artist Who’s Gone His Own Way,” Patricia Deneger, St. Louis Post-Dispatch, December 14, 1985.
  • “Triple Threat: Three Halls Host Showings of Works Edward Boccia.” Herbert Gralnick, St. Louis Globe Democrat, December 6, 1985.
  • DiMario, Julie. “100 Artists on Show’s Palette.” St. Louis Globe Democrat, September 29, 1986.
  • “Edward Boccia Conveys Deft Sense of Spiritual.” Nancy Rice, St. Louis Post Dispatch, October 22, 1987.
  • “Body Conscious,” The Suffolk Times, June 8, 1989.
  • “Mixed Media Exhibit Devoted to the Human Figure.” Robert Long, Southampton Press, June 15, 1989.
  • “Canvassing St. Louis Artists.” Patricia Rice. St. Louis Post Dispatch, February 27, 1991.
  • Foster Dames, Joan. “Beautiful Things: Gallery Owner’s Home Reflects Eclectic Taste.” St. Louis Post Dispatch, February 2, 1992.
  • “Painting Professor.” Citizen Journal, February 27, 1994.
  • “Boccia Exhibit.” St. Louis Review, May 10, 1996.
  • “Boccia Works on Display at Two Sites.” Grand Connections, St. Louis University, April 26, 1996.
  • “Boccia Exhibit Underway.” The United Methodist Reporter, May 24, 1996.
  • “Renaissance Man Edward Boccia.” Robert W. Duffy, St. Louis Post Dispatch, May 19, 1996.
  • “Edward Boccia, American Painter.” Victor Wang with a complete biography Ren Jing in The Journal of Art: First Rank Magazine of Art in China, Shenyang, China 1997.
  • “A New Masterpiece.” Universitas, The Magazine of St. Louis University, Summer 2002.
  • “At Home.” St. Louis Magazine, Stefene Russell, 2007.
  • “Edward Boccia.” Susan Ashton, Uptown Magazine, St. Louis, August/September 2007.

Select References:

[2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12]

[13]

Artist's Life

Born in Newark in 1921, the artist first studied at the Pratt Institute and the Art Students League, New York.[14]

Boccia served in WW II in a unique battalion made up of his artistic peers recently made famous by the film and book Ghost Army. [15] After the war, Boccia earned a BA and an MA at Columbia University while concurrently teaching art at the Columbus Art School in Ohio where he introduced the Bauhaus teaching method to his students. In 1951, he was appointed Assistant Dean of Fine Arts at the Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, where he taught painting for over 30 years. [16]

St. Louis, Washington University

Boccia's appointment followed in the steps of other modernist artists including Phillip Guston, Stephen Greene, and the German Expressionist master Max Beckmann, all of whom worked at the university before Boccia's tenure.[17][18] The development of the vibrant artistic culture of the university owed much to the collecting activities of the art historian H.W. Jansen who headed the university gallery and was committed to modern art. [19]While Boccia spent the majority of his time in his studio, his time at the university was important to his artistic growth.

Artwork

A dedicated craftsman, Boccia pictured his work as a mediation of a universal moral struggle. He is also linked to the mystical, occult, and theosophical traditions of modern art including the belief in the messianic role of the artist, seen in the work of the Symbolists, as well as the pictures of Paul Gauguin and Oskar Kokoschka among others. [20] Specifically, Boccia includes numerous self-portraits, and uses examples of esoteric imagery such as the androgyne and the hermaphrodite.

Boccia's work shows the influence of Max Beckmann, and he was well aware of the older artist's work through May's collection.[21]

Boccia is currently the subject of all large-scale critical monograph in progress, authored by Rosa JH Berland, in cooperation with the Edward E. and Madeleine P. Boccia Artist Trust, St. Louis, Missouri.

In addition to his painting, Boccia was a published poet and the subject of numerous solo exhibits and group shows, the most recent being the posthumous show at St. Louis University Art Museum as well as an exhibit at The Sheldon Art Galleries in 2013.[22]

Museum Collections

Boccia’s art is found in the collections of art museums including The Kemper Art Museum, St. Louis[23]; St. Louis University Museum of Art; St. Louis Art Museum; Denver Art Museum; Nelson-Atkins Museum, Kansas City [24]; Museum of Art, Fort Lauderdale [25] ; The Weatherspoon Art Museum, The University of North Carolina, Greensboro and the National Gallery Athens, Greece. [26]

A number of commissioned works are on view in religious and public institutions and the artist’s work is held by over 600 private collectors.[27]

References

  1. ^ “New Talent in the U.S.A.” Katherine Kuh, Art in America, Vol. 44, No. 1, February 1956, 10 – 55.
  2. ^ American Artists of Renown, Ann Lindsay, Editor. Wilson Publishing Company, Gilmeer, Texas, 1981.
  3. ^ Archives of American Art, Midwest Art Center, Detroit, Michigan, 1984.
  4. ^ American Artists: An Illustrated Survey of American Contemporaries, Krantz Company Publishers, Inc., 1986.
  5. ^ Two Thousand Notable Americans, 3rd Edition, American Biographical Institute, Inc. Raleigh, North Carolina, 1986.
  6. ^ Personalities of America, 4th Edition, American Biographical Institute, Inc. Raleigh, North Carolina, 1986.
  7. ^ The New York Review, Artists’ Profile, Kranz Co., Chicago, Illinois, 1987.
  8. ^ Who’s Who in American Art, American Federation of Arts, R.R. Bowker Co., New York, 2004.
  9. ^ International Directory of the Arts, Druckeria AG W. Berlin, Germany.
  10. ^ Who’s Who in the United States, American Publishing, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, 1986.
  11. ^ Who’s Who in Society, American Publishing, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, 1986.
  12. ^ Personaggi Contemporanei, Academia Italia delle Arte e del Lavoro, Palazzo delle Manifestazioni, Salsomaggiore Terme, Parma, Italy
  13. ^ "Morton D. May". wikipedia.org.
  14. ^ "Edward Boccia Dead: Seminal Figurative Expressionist Painter Dies At 91 (SLIDESHOW)". The Huffington Post.
  15. ^ https://www.stlbeacon.org/#!/content/26916/edward_boccia_obit_090712
  16. ^ "Edward Boccia, professor emeritus of art, 91". wustl.edu.
  17. ^ http://www.slu.edu/sluma-home/past-exhibitions/2013/edward-boccia-figurative-expressionist
  18. ^ Lee Enterprises. "Edward Boccia dies: Washington University teacher and artist who became famous by doing things his way". stltoday.com.
  19. ^ Sabine Eckmann, “Exilic Vision: H.W. Janson and the Legacy of Modern Art at Washington University.” (St. Louis: Washington University Gallery of Art, 2002), 9-42.
  20. ^ St. Louis Museum of Art, Edward Boccia Figural Expressionist, Exhibit Catalog, January 2013
  21. ^ The Morton D. May Collection of 20th century German Masters, St. Louis City Art Museum, 1970.
  22. ^ http://www.slu.edu/x70635.xml
  23. ^ "Edward Boccia". wustl.edu.
  24. ^ http://www.nelson-atkins.org/collections/collection-history-american-viewall.cfm
  25. ^ "NSU Art Museum Fort Lauderdale - Museum". moafl.org.
  26. ^ "National gallery". nationalgallery.gr.
  27. ^ "TWO HEADS". kodnergallery.com.

Additional reading

  • Boccia and Friends, McCaughen & Burr Fine Arts Gallery, St. Louis, Missouri.
  • Bookbinder, Judith A. 2005. Boston Modern: Figurative Expressionism as Alternative Modernism, UPNE.
  • Hills, Patricia. 2001. Modern art in the USA: issues & controversies of the 20th century. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall.
  • Barron, Stephanie, Sabine Eckmann, & Matthew Affron. 1997. Exiles + Emigrés: The Flight of European Artists from Hitler. Los Angeles County Museum of Art.
  • Beckmann, Max, & George Scrivani. 1988. On My Painting. Madras [India]: Hanuman Books.
  • Bronner, Stephen E. & Douglas Kellner, Editors. 1988. The Passion & Rebellion: The Expressionist Heritage. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Cohn, S. L. 1985. Edward Boccia, The Triptychs. Washington University, St. Louis, School of Fine Arts, Exhibit Catalog.
  • Dijkstra, Bram. 2003. American Expressionism: Art and Social Change, 1920-1950. New York: Harry N. Abrams.
  • Herskovic, Marika Editor. 2009. American Abstract and Figurative Expressionism: Style is Timely, Art is Timeless. New York School Press.
  • Schimmel, Paul, & Judith E. Stein. 1988. The Figurative Fifties: New York Figurative Expressionism. Newport Beach, Calif: Newport Harbor Art Museum.
  • Sidney Janis Gallery. 1984. Modern Expressionists: German, Italian & American painters. New York: Sidney Janis Gallery.
  • Schulz-Hoffmann, Carla. 1984. Max Beckmann: Retrospective. St. Louis: Saint Louis Art Museum.
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