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The '''Scipionic Circle''', or the '''Circle of Scipio''', was a group of [[philosophers]], [[poets]], and [[politicians]] patronized by their namesake, [[Scipio Aemilianus]].<ref>http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Scipio_Africanus_Minor.aspx</ref> Together they would discuss Greek culture, literature, and humanism.<ref name="A Companion to Terence">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Us5Js_xonSkC&pg=PT118 |title=A Companion to Terence|publisher=}}</ref> Alongside their [[philhellenic]] disposition, the group also had more humane Roman foreign policy.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/brill-s-new-pauly/scipionic-circle-e1105630|title=Scipionic circle - Brill Reference|publisher=}}</ref> The term was first derived during the 19th century and ubiquitously adopted by scholars of the early 20th century.<ref name="oxfordreference.com">http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780198606413.001.0001/acref-9780198606413-e-5744\</ref> The collection of members varied during its existence, from 15 names of the early period, to 27 in its middle to 10 in its final.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1&fid=4328044&jid=CAR&volumeId=49&issueId=01&aid=3694316|title=Cambridge Journals Online - The Classical Review - Abstract - The Circle of Scipio ''A Study of the Scipionic Circle''. By Ruth Martin Brown. [See C.R. XLVIII, 246.]|publisher=}}</ref> |
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Contemporary academia regards the concept of the "Scipionic Circle" with suspicion. [[Cicero]] is the primary source on the subject in his works [[De amicitia]] and [[De republica]].<ref>http://ancienthistory.about.com/od/sterms/g/ScipionicCircle.htm|</ref> Cicero's construction bestows an unsupported unity between Scipio's friends. If there ever was such a unity it would be between Panaetius and the more philosophically-inclined members of the collective.<ref name="oxfordreference.com"/> In addition to a dependence on these works of Cicero, within these two works Cicero creates two different circles.<ref>{{cite jstor|310983}}</ref> Among other problems brought up academics, two of the most prominent members of the group, [[Terence]] and [[Panaetius]], could not have met as Terence had died prior to Panaetius arriving in Rome.<ref name="A Companion to Terence"/> |
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==In ''[[De re publica]]''== |
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Main speakers: |
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* [[Scipio Aemilianus]], [[Roman consul|consul]] of Rome in 147 BC and 134 BC. |
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*[[Gaius Laelius Sapiens]], consul of Rome in 140 BC. |
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Senior speakers: |
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*[[Lucius Furius Philus]], consul of Rome in 136 BC. |
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*[[Manius Manilius]], consul of Rome in 149 BC. |
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*[[Spurius Mummius]], satirist and soldier. |
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Younger speakers: |
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*[[Quintus Aelius Tubero (Stoic)|Quintus Aelius Tubero]], tribunate in 130 BC. |
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*[[Publius Rutilius Rufus]], consul of Rome in 105 BC; fought alongside Scipio during the [[Numantine War]]. |
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*[[Quintus Mucius Scaevola Augur]], consul of Rome in 117 BC. |
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*[[Gaius Fannius]], consul of Rome in 122 BC. |
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Having younger speakers illustrates "the Roman penchant for training the youth by having them listen to respected members of the previlous generation, as in [[De oratore]]".<ref name="Cape Jr.">''Cicero and the Development of Prudential Practice at Rome'', by Robert W. Cape Jr. from ''Prudence''. Ed. Robert Hariman. Pennsylvania State University Press, 2003. - Page 53.</ref> |
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==In ''[[De oratore]]''== |
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This dialogue takes place in 129 BC, "in the aftermath of the turbulent reform politics of [[Tiberius Gracchus]] and shortly before Scipio's untimely and mysterious death."<ref name="Cape Jr." /> |
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Senior Speakers: |
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*[[Quintus Mucius Scaevola Augur]], who "provides an important link between the two dialogues, a young man in De re publica and an old man, the faither-in-law and teacher of Crassus, in De oratore."<ref name="Cape Jr." /> |
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==Other members== |
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*[[Terence]], Carthaginian-born playwright. |
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*[[Gaius Lucilius]], the earliest Roman satirist. |
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*[[Polybius]], a Greek historian. |
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*[[Panaetius of Rhodes]], the seventh and final [[Stoicism|Stoic]] [[scholarch]]. |
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==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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[[Category:Political thought in ancient Rome]] |
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[[Category:Roman-era philosophy]] |
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