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Law clerks have assisted the Supreme Court Justices in various capacities, since the first one was hired by Justice Horace Gray in 1882. By the traditions and rules that have developed around this procedure today the eight Associate Justices on the Supreme Court of the United States have the opportunity to select four law clerks each term of the court. The Chief Justice is allowed five clerks, but often hires fewer. After retiring from the Court, a justice may continue to employ a law clerk, who may be assigned to provide additional assistance to an active justice, or assist the retired justice when sitting by designation with a lower court. As the list below shows, at least six Supreme Court law clerks have gone on to become Supreme Court Justices themselves: Byron White [Vinson 1946–47]; John Paul Stevens [Rutledge 1947–48]; William Rehnquist [Jackson 1952–53]; Stephen Breyer [Goldberg 1963–64]; John Roberts [Rehnquist 1980–81]; and Elena Kagan [Marshall 1987–88]. Many Supreme Court law clerks have gone on to become federal appellate or district judges, members of Congress, or Cabinet Secretaries in the Executive Branch, or both. Alger Hiss, law clerk for Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes for the 1929–30 Supreme Court term, is the only Supreme Court law clerk in history later to be convicted of federal felonies and sentenced to prison.

List of Supreme Court law clerks

The following sortable table lists more than 1,900 law clerks who have served for Supreme Court justices, the years their service began and ended, the law school they attended (with the year they graduated), and any previous clerkships they held.

• Seat = Supreme Court Justice Seat

• Num = Order that Supreme Court Justice was appointed

Seat	Num	Justice	Law clerk	Started	Finished	Law school (year)	Previous clerkship
0CJ	43	Waite, MMorrison Waite
0CJ	50	Fuller, MMelville Fuller	Fitnam, T. H.T. H. Fitnam	1888	1889
0CJ	50	Fuller, MMelville Fuller	Harlan, James S.James S. Harlan	1888	1889	admitted to bar, 1886	none
0CJ	50	Fuller, MMelville Fuller	York, Clarence M.Clarence M. York	1889	1896		none
0CJ	50	Fuller, MMelville Fuller	York, Clarence M.Clarence M. York	1897	1905		S. Field / M. W. Fuller
0CJ	50	Fuller, MMelville Fuller	Day, Stephen AlbionStephen Albion Day	1905	1907	admitted to bar, 1907	none
0CJ	55	White, EEdward Douglass White	Byrne, John J.John J. Byrne	1918	1921
0CJ	69	Taft, WWilliam Howard Taft	Byrne, John J.John J. Byrne	1921	1924		E. White
0CJ	69	Taft, WWilliam Howard Taft	Mischler, WendellWendell Mischler	1921	1930
0CJ	69	Taft, WWilliam Howard Taft	Williams, C. DickermanC. Dickerman Williams	1924	1925	Yale (1924)	none
0CJ	69	Taft, WWilliam Howard Taft	Robertson, ReynoldsReynolds Robertson	1929	1930
0CJ	69	Taft, WWilliam Howard Taft	McElwain, EdwinEdwin McElwain	1938	1939
0CJ	62	Hughes, CCharles Evans Hughes	Mischler, WendellWendell Mischler	1930	1930		Taft
0CJ	62	Hughes, CCharles Evans Hughes	Robertson, ReynoldsReynolds Robertson	1930	1934		Taft
0CJ	73	Stone, HHarlan F. Stone	Boskey, BennettBennett Boskey	1941	1943	Harvard (1939)	S. F. Reed / L. Hand (2d Cir.)
0CJ	73	Stone, HHarlan F. Stone	Nickerson, Eugene H.Eugene H. Nickerson	1944	1946-04April 1946	Columbia (1943)	A. Hand (2d Cir.)
0CJ	73	Stone, HHarlan F. Stone	Prashker, HerbertHerbert Prashker	1945	1946-04April 1946
0CJ	85	Vinson, FFred M. Vinson	Allen, Francis A.Francis A. Allen	1946	1948	Northwestern (1946)	none
0CJ	85	Vinson, FFred M. Vinson	White, ByronByron R. White	1946	1947	Yale (1946)	none
0CJ	85	Vinson, FFred M. Vinson	Ebb, Lawrence F.Lawrence F. Ebb	1947	1948	Harvard (1946)	{{U.S. law clerk row