Isopentane: Difference between revisions

Isopentane
Names
	IUPAC name 2-Methylbutane
Identifiers
CAS Number	78-78-4 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
Beilstein Reference	1730723
ChEBI	CHEBI:30362 ;
ChemSpider	6308 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.001.039
EC Number	201-142-8;
Gmelin Reference	49318
MeSH	isopentane
PubChem CID	6556;
RTECS number	EK4430000;
UNII	ZH67814I0O ;
UN number	1265
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID901335409, DTXSID201032357 DTXSID8025468, DTXSID901335409, DTXSID201032357 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C5H12/c1-4-5(2)3/h5H,4H2,1-3H3 Key: QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
	SMILES CCC(C)C;
Properties
Chemical formula	C5H12
Molar mass	72.151 g·mol−1
Appearance	Colorless liquid
Odor	Odorless
Density	616 mg mL−1
Melting point	−161 to −159 °C; −258 to −254 °F; 112 to 114 K
Boiling point	27.8 to 28.2 °C; 81.9 to 82.7 °F; 300.9 to 301.3 K
Vapor pressure	76.992 kPa (at 20 °C)
Henry's law; constant (kH)	7.2 nmol Pa−1 kg−1
UV-vis (λmax)	192 nm
Refractive index (nD)	1.354
Thermochemistry
Heat capacity (C)	164.85 J K−1 mol−1
Std molar; entropy (S⦵298)	260.41 J K−1 mol−1
Std enthalpy of; formation (ΔfH⦵298)	−179.1–−177.3 kJ mol−1
Std enthalpy of; combustion (ΔcH⦵298)	−3.5052–−3.5036 MJ mol−1
Hazards
	GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statements	H224, H304, H336, H411
Precautionary statements	P210, P261, P273, P301+P310, P331
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	1 4 0
Flash point	−51 °C (−60 °F; 222 K)
Autoignition; temperature	420 °C (788 °F; 693 K)
Explosive limits	1.4–8.3%
Related compounds
Related alkanes	Isobutane; 2-Methylpentane; 3-Methylpentane; 3-Ethylpentane;
Related compounds	2-Ethyl-1-butanol
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

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Revision as of 05:49, 7 August 2015

Isopentane, C₅ H₁₂, also called methylbutane or 2-methylbutane, is a branched-chain alkane with five carbon atoms . Isopentane is an extremely volatile and extremely flammable liquid at room temperature and pressure. The normal boiling point is just a few degrees above room temperature and isopentane will readily boil and evaporate away on a warm day. Isopentane is commonly used in conjunction with liquid nitrogen to achieve a liquid bath temperature of −160 °C. It is 1% or less of natural gas.^[3]

Nomenclature

Isopentane is the name recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).^[4] An isopentyl group is a subset of the generic pentyl group. It has the chemical structure -CH₂CH₂CH(CH₃)₂.

Isomers

Isopentane is one of three structural isomers with the molecular formula C₅H₁₂, the others being pentane (n-pentane) and neopentane (dimethyl propane).

Uses

Isopentane is used in a closed loop in geothermal power production to drive turbines.^[5]

References

^ "isopentane - Compound Summary". PubChem Compound. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. 16 September 2004. Identification and Related Records. Retrieved 5 March 2012.
^ James Wei (1999), Molecular Symmetry, Rotational Entropy, and Elevated Melting Points. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., volume 38 issue 12, pp. 5019–5027 doi:10.1021/ie990588m
^ Georg Hammer, Torsten Lübcke, Roland Kettner, Mark R. Pillarella, Herta Recknagel, Axel Commichau, Hans-Joachim Neumann and Barbara Paczynska-Lahme "Natural Gas" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2006, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a17_073.pub2
^ Panico, R.; & Powell, W. H. (Eds.) (1994). A Guide to IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Compounds 1993. Oxford: Blackwell Science. ISBN 0-632-03488-2.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^ Byproduct Isopentane also used in some of the LPG plant to run the boiler and generate the power. HS Orka HF Energy Plant IV

External links

International Chemical Safety Card 1153
IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry (online version of the "Blue Book")

[1] "isopentane - Compound Summary". PubChem Compound. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. 16 September 2004. Identification and Related Records. Retrieved 5 March 2012.

[Wei-2] James Wei (1999), Molecular Symmetry, Rotational Entropy, and Elevated Melting Points. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., volume 38 issue 12, pp. 5019–5027 doi:10.1021/ie990588m

[3] Georg Hammer, Torsten Lübcke, Roland Kettner, Mark R. Pillarella, Herta Recknagel, Axel Commichau, Hans-Joachim Neumann and Barbara Paczynska-Lahme "Natural Gas" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2006, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a17_073.pub2

[4] Panico, R.; & Powell, W. H. (Eds.) (1994). A Guide to IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Compounds 1993. Oxford: Blackwell Science. ISBN 0-632-03488-2.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[5] Byproduct Isopentane also used in some of the LPG plant to run the boiler and generate the power. HS Orka HF Energy Plant IV

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@@ Line 88: / Line 88: @@
 ==Uses==
-Isopentane is used in a closed loop in geothermal power production to drive turbines.<ref>[http://hsorka.is/english/HSProduction/Svartsengi/OrkuverIV.aspx HS Orka HF Energy Plant IV]</ref>
+Isopentane is used in a closed loop in geothermal power production to drive turbines.<ref>
+Byproduct Isopentane also used in some of the LPG plant to run the boiler and generate the power.
+[http://hsorka.is/english/HSProduction/Svartsengi/OrkuverIV.aspx HS Orka HF Energy Plant IV]</ref>
 ==References==