Timarchus: Difference between revisions
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{{For|the tyrant of the ancient Greek city of Miletus|Timarchus of Miletus}} |
{{For|the tyrant of the ancient Greek city of Miletus|Timarchus of Miletus}} |
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[[Image:Houghton 1235 Timarchus.jpg|thumb|300px|Coin of Timarchus. Reverse shows [[Nike (mythology)|Nike]]. The Greek inscription reads '' Basileos Megalou Timarchou'' (of Great King Timarchus).]] |
[[Image:Houghton 1235 Timarchus.jpg|thumb|300px|Coin of Timarchus. Reverse shows [[Nike (mythology)|Nike]]. The Greek inscription reads '' Basileos Megalou Timarchou'' (of Great King Timarchus).]] |
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'''Timarchus''' or '''Timarch''' was a [[usurper]] in the [[Seleucid]] empire between 163–160 BC. |
'''Timarchus''' or '''Timarch''' was a [[usurper]] in the [[Seleucid]] empire between 163–160 BC. |
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A Greek nobleman, possibly from [[Miletus]] in Asia Minor, Timarchus was a friend of the [[Seleucid]] prince [[Antiochus IV|Antiochus IV Epiphanes]] during his time as a hostage to the [[Roman Republic]]. He was appointed [[satrap]] of [[Medes|Media]] in western [[Iran]] when [[Antiochus IV Epiphanes]] became king in 175 BC, and his brother Heracleides became minister of the royal finances. The [[Persia]]n part of the empire was threatened by the [[Parthia]]n kingdom, and Timarchus probably spent much of his time reinforcing the defences. The Seleucid realms probably extended as far as the area of [[Teheran]] during this time. |
A Greek nobleman, possibly from [[Miletus]] in Asia Minor, Timarchus was a friend of the [[Seleucid]] prince [[Antiochus IV|Antiochus IV Epiphanes]] during his time as a hostage to the [[Roman Republic]]. He was appointed [[satrap]] of [[Medes|Media]] in western [[Iran]] when [[Antiochus IV Epiphanes]] became king in 175 BC, and his brother Heracleides became minister of the royal finances. The [[Persia]]n part of the empire was threatened by the [[Parthia]]n kingdom, and Timarchus probably spent much of his time reinforcing the defences. The Seleucid realms probably extended as far as the area of [[Teheran]] during this time. |
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Timarchus now managed to extend his realm into [[Babylonia]], where records of his reign were inscribed into the astronomical calendars. His forces were however not enough for the legal Seleucid king: Demetrius defeated and killed Timarchus in 160 BC, and the Seleucid empire was temporarily united again. |
Timarchus now managed to extend his realm into [[Babylonia]], where records of his reign were inscribed into the astronomical calendars. His forces were however not enough for the legal Seleucid king: Demetrius defeated and killed Timarchus in 160 BC, and the Seleucid empire was temporarily united again. |
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Timarchus was one of the last Hellenistic kings in Iran but unfortunately little is known of his reign, except the short - and stereotypical - notion by [[Appian]] that Timarchus was a tyrant. On his coins, he introduced the epithet "Great King" ''(Basileus Megas)'' which was the traditional [[Achaemenid]] title and may reflect an effort to gather support from the natives in a time when the Seleucid empire lost ground in Iran. He was inspired by the [[Bactria]]n king [[Eucratides|Eucratides the Great]], who had taken the same assuming title a few years earlier. |
Timarchus was one of the last Hellenistic kings in Iran but unfortunately little is known of his reign, except the short - and stereotypical - notion by [[Appian]] that Timarchus was a tyrant. On his coins, he introduced the epithet "Great King" ''(Basileus Megas)'' which was the traditional [[Achaemenid]] title and may reflect an effort to gather support from the natives in a time when the Seleucid empire lost ground in Iran. He was inspired by the [[Bactria]]n king [[Eucratides|Eucratides the Great]], who had taken the same assuming title a few years earlier. |
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Timarchus was survived and avenged by his brother Heracleides, who eventually became champion of [[Alexander Balas]], a boy that he claimed was a natural son of Antiochus IV. Heracleides convinced the [[Roman Senate]] to support the young pretender against Demetrius, who was defeated and killed in 150 BC. Thus the family of Timarchus contributed in no little way to the disintegration of the Seleucid empire. |
Timarchus was survived and avenged by his brother Heracleides, who eventually became champion of [[Alexander Balas]], a boy that he claimed was a natural son of Antiochus IV. Heracleides convinced the [[Roman Senate]] to support the young pretender against Demetrius, who was defeated and killed in 150 BC. Thus the family of Timarchus contributed in no little way to the disintegration of the Seleucid empire. |
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| PLACE OF DEATH = |
| PLACE OF DEATH = |
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[[Category:160 BC |
[[Category:160 BC]] |
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[[Category:Ancient Milesians]] |
[[Category:Ancient Milesians]] |
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[[Category:2nd-century BC Greek people]] |
[[Category:2nd-century BC Greek people]] |
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[[Category:Seleucid satraps]] |
[[Category:Seleucid satraps]] |
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[[Category:Year of birth unknown]] |
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]] |
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[[Category:160s BC deaths]] |
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Revision as of 15:35, 11 August 2015
Timarchus or Timarch was a usurper in the Seleucid empire between 163–160 BC.
A Greek nobleman, possibly from Miletus in Asia Minor, Timarchus was a friend of the Seleucid prince Antiochus IV Epiphanes during his time as a hostage to the Roman Republic. He was appointed satrap of Media in western Iran when Antiochus IV Epiphanes became king in 175 BC, and his brother Heracleides became minister of the royal finances. The Persian part of the empire was threatened by the Parthian kingdom, and Timarchus probably spent much of his time reinforcing the defences. The Seleucid realms probably extended as far as the area of Teheran during this time.
Short reign and defeat
In the turmoil following the death of Antiochus IV during a Persian campaign in 163 BC, Timarchus became the more or less independent ruler of Media, opposing the general Lysias who acted as steward for the infant king Antiochus V Eupator, son of Antiochus IV.
In 162 BC Demetrius I, the proper heir to the Seleucid throne, became king, killing Lysias as well as the young Antiochus V. This may well have been the provocation that caused Timarchus to take the final step to independence and declare himself king.
Timarchus now managed to extend his realm into Babylonia, where records of his reign were inscribed into the astronomical calendars. His forces were however not enough for the legal Seleucid king: Demetrius defeated and killed Timarchus in 160 BC, and the Seleucid empire was temporarily united again.
Timarchus was one of the last Hellenistic kings in Iran but unfortunately little is known of his reign, except the short - and stereotypical - notion by Appian that Timarchus was a tyrant. On his coins, he introduced the epithet "Great King" (Basileus Megas) which was the traditional Achaemenid title and may reflect an effort to gather support from the natives in a time when the Seleucid empire lost ground in Iran. He was inspired by the Bactrian king Eucratides the Great, who had taken the same assuming title a few years earlier.
Timarchus was survived and avenged by his brother Heracleides, who eventually became champion of Alexander Balas, a boy that he claimed was a natural son of Antiochus IV. Heracleides convinced the Roman Senate to support the young pretender against Demetrius, who was defeated and killed in 150 BC. Thus the family of Timarchus contributed in no little way to the disintegration of the Seleucid empire.
Sources
- Appian, Syriaka (The Syrian Wars) 8:§§ 45,47
- Biography of Parthian king Mithradates I (a contemporary of Timarchus)