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== CMP's videos ==
== CMP's videos ==
=== Overview ===

The CMP videos consisted of portions of [[hidden camera|secretly recorded]], hours-long conversations between actors hired by the CMP and high-ranking Planned Parenthood officials, including Deborah Nucatola, Melissa Farrell, Savita Ginde, and Mary Gatter. The actors were posing as representatives of a non-existent company called Biomax Procurement Services, which was presenting itself to Planned Parenthood as a potential buyer of fetal tissues and organs.<ref name=NYT4 /> CMP claims that it has "hundreds if not thousands of hours of recordings."<ref name=LAT_judge_halts />
The CMP videos consisted of portions of [[hidden camera|secretly recorded]], hours-long conversations between actors hired by the CMP and high-ranking Planned Parenthood officials, including Deborah Nucatola, Melissa Farrell, Savita Ginde, and Mary Gatter. The actors were posing as representatives of a non-existent company called Biomax Procurement Services, which was presenting itself to Planned Parenthood as a potential buyer of fetal tissues and organs.<ref name=NYT4 /> CMP claims that it has "hundreds if not thousands of hours of recordings."<ref name=LAT_judge_halts />


The videos were made over a period of 30 months, and were released at a pace of about one a week.<ref name=assault/> This allowed for greater exposure, including media coverage, and for more time for the public to consume and react to each.<ref name=assault/> [[Americans United for Life]] began working with CMP beginning in January 2015, providing them with advice.<ref name=assault/>
The videos were made over a period of 30 months, and were released at a pace of about one a week.<ref name=assault/> This allowed for greater exposure, including media coverage, and for more time for the public to consume and react to each.<ref name=assault/> [[Americans United for Life]] began working with CMP beginning in January 2015, providing them with advice.<ref name=assault/>


==== First Video ====
⚫
In the first video Nucatola discussed fetal hearts, lungs and livers and efforts to retrieve these organs intact during abortion procedures.<ref name=NYT1/> She also gave a range of cost estimates for procuring fetal organs.<ref name=NYT3 /> In the second video a Planned Parenthood medical director in Southern California, Gatter, spoke with actors who were posing as potential buyers of intact fetal specimens. Much of the conversation focused on how much money the buyers should pay. At one point Gatter appeared to suggest that abortion procedures could be modified in some cases, to preserve fetal organs and tissue.<ref name=second_covert />
In the first video Nucatola discussed fetal hearts, lungs and livers and efforts to retrieve these organs intact during abortion procedures.<ref name=NYT1/> She also gave a range of cost estimates for procuring fetal organs.<ref name=NYT3 />


==== Second Video ====
⚫
The third video features an interview with a StemExpress employee who states an "incentive to try and get the hard stuff ‘cause you’re going to get more money."<ref name=harvesting/> The fourth video shows Savita Ginde, vice president and medical director of Planned Parenthood of the Rocky Mountains, worrying that what she and the undercover activists are doing will be perceived as "selling fetal parts across states."<ref name=fourth/> An unnamed medical assistant in the video while examining a sample is quoted as saying "it's another boy!"<ref name=post/><ref name=Douthat/>
⚫
In the second video a Planned Parenthood medical director in Southern California, Gatter, spoke with actors who were posing as potential buyers of intact fetal specimens. Much of the conversation focused on how much money the buyers should pay. At one point Gatter appeared to suggest that abortion procedures could be modified in some cases, to preserve fetal organs and tissue.<ref name=second_covert />


==== Third Video ====
The third video features an interview with a StemExpress employee who states an "incentive to try and get the hard stuff ‘cause you’re going to get more money."<ref name=harvesting/>

==== Fourth Video ====
⚫
The fourth video shows Savita Ginde, vice president and medical director of Planned Parenthood of the Rocky Mountains, worrying that what she and the undercover activists are doing will be perceived as "selling fetal parts across states."<ref name=fourth/> An unnamed medical assistant in the video while examining a sample is quoted as saying "it's another boy!"<ref name=post/><ref name=Douthat/>

==== Fifth Video ====
The fifth video shows activists asking leading questions and devoting nearly one-third of the video to a "stomach-churning sequence of anti-abortion activists picking through a bowl of fetal tissue."<ref name=fifth/> Several of the videos include graphic footage of a technician picking through the remains of an aborted fetus looking for specific organs and body parts.<ref name=harvesting/><ref name=Byrnes/> Dawn Laguens, executive vice president of PPFA, described the actions as "an extremely offensive intrusion and lack of respect for women, with footage of medical tissue in a lab," and said the video showed no evidence of wrongdoing.<ref name=WashPostWonkblog />
The fifth video shows activists asking leading questions and devoting nearly one-third of the video to a "stomach-churning sequence of anti-abortion activists picking through a bowl of fetal tissue."<ref name=fifth/> Several of the videos include graphic footage of a technician picking through the remains of an aborted fetus looking for specific organs and body parts.<ref name=harvesting/><ref name=Byrnes/> Dawn Laguens, executive vice president of PPFA, described the actions as "an extremely offensive intrusion and lack of respect for women, with footage of medical tissue in a lab," and said the video showed no evidence of wrongdoing.<ref name=WashPostWonkblog />

==== Sixth Video ====
A sixth video targeting Planned Parenthood was released Wednesday.<ref>[http://www.cnn.com/2015/08/12/politics/planned-parenthood-stem-express-video/ 6th Planned Parenthood video released]</ref> It follows Holly O'Donnell discussing her role in gathering blood and tissue from Planned Parenthood clinics.


=== Financial aspects ===
=== Financial aspects ===

Revision as of 23:13, 13 August 2015

In July and August 2015 the anti-abortion organization Center for Medical Progress (CMP) released a number of "highly edited"[1][2] and unedited videos[3] secretly recorded by hired actors, who discuss acquiring tissue samples from aborted fetuses with Planned Parenthood officials.[4][5]

CMP founder David Daleiden alleged the videos provide evidence of "criminal conspiracy to make money off of aborted baby parts reach[ing] to the very highest levels of [the] organization."[5] Planned Parenthood condemned these as false accusations, stating that all donations are made "with full, appropriate consent from patients and under the highest ethical and legal standards," and "there is no financial benefit for tissue donation for either the patient or for Planned Parenthood."[4][5]

The CMP videos and allegations attracted widespread media coverage, and re-invigorated the long-term American political abortion debate.[6] US Congressional investigations followed,[7][8][9] and a bill to defund Planned Parenthood was proposed but failed to pass in the Senate on August 3, 2015.[10] Several states cut contracts and funding for Planned Parenthood following the videos.[11][12][13]

CMP's videos

Overview

The CMP videos consisted of portions of secretly recorded, hours-long conversations between actors hired by the CMP and high-ranking Planned Parenthood officials, including Deborah Nucatola, Melissa Farrell, Savita Ginde, and Mary Gatter. The actors were posing as representatives of a non-existent company called Biomax Procurement Services, which was presenting itself to Planned Parenthood as a potential buyer of fetal tissues and organs.[6] CMP claims that it has "hundreds if not thousands of hours of recordings."[14]

The videos were made over a period of 30 months, and were released at a pace of about one a week.[15] This allowed for greater exposure, including media coverage, and for more time for the public to consume and react to each.[15] Americans United for Life began working with CMP beginning in January 2015, providing them with advice.[15]

First Video

In the first video Nucatola discussed fetal hearts, lungs and livers and efforts to retrieve these organs intact during abortion procedures.[5] She also gave a range of cost estimates for procuring fetal organs.[16]

Second Video

In the second video a Planned Parenthood medical director in Southern California, Gatter, spoke with actors who were posing as potential buyers of intact fetal specimens. Much of the conversation focused on how much money the buyers should pay. At one point Gatter appeared to suggest that abortion procedures could be modified in some cases, to preserve fetal organs and tissue.[17]

Third Video

The third video features an interview with a StemExpress employee who states an "incentive to try and get the hard stuff ‘cause you’re going to get more money."[18]

Fourth Video

The fourth video shows Savita Ginde, vice president and medical director of Planned Parenthood of the Rocky Mountains, worrying that what she and the undercover activists are doing will be perceived as "selling fetal parts across states."[19] An unnamed medical assistant in the video while examining a sample is quoted as saying "it's another boy!"[20][21]

Fifth Video

The fifth video shows activists asking leading questions and devoting nearly one-third of the video to a "stomach-churning sequence of anti-abortion activists picking through a bowl of fetal tissue."[3] Several of the videos include graphic footage of a technician picking through the remains of an aborted fetus looking for specific organs and body parts.[18][22] Dawn Laguens, executive vice president of PPFA, described the actions as "an extremely offensive intrusion and lack of respect for women, with footage of medical tissue in a lab," and said the video showed no evidence of wrongdoing.[2]

Sixth Video

A sixth video targeting Planned Parenthood was released Wednesday.[23] It follows Holly O'Donnell discussing her role in gathering blood and tissue from Planned Parenthood clinics.

Financial aspects

The CMP presents the videos as evidence of Planned Parenthood engaging in the illegal sale of fetal tissue and organs,[6] and the corporation they set up for the investigation, Biomax, offered one clinic US$1,600 for liver and thymus fetal tissues.[24] The New York Times has characterized the offer as an attempt to "trap the affiliate in the act of accepting a high payment for fetal tissue," but the affiliate declined the offer.[25] Middlemen tissue brokers, which the actors from the Center for Medical Progress pretended to be, resell the fetal tissues and organs to researchers for up to 10 times the price they paid abortion clinics for it.[26]

In the unedited version of the first video, Nucatola repeatedly states that Planned Parenthood does not make money from tissue donations, and that the $30 to $100 charge only covers procurement costs.[6] PPFA said that they may donate fetal tissue at the request of a patient, but that such tissue is never sold.[6][27] At one point, Nucatola said "nobody should be 'selling' tissue," and "that's just not the goal here."[28]

Gatter, in the second video, worried about giving a "lowball" figure for the organs and tissue, saying that "in negotiations the person who throws out the figure first is at a loss."[29][30] She later says that the price may go up after checking to see what other affiliates get, and jokes that "I want a Lamborghini."[29][30]

The fourth video shows Ginde discussing the possibility of providing organs for reasons other than research.[31] "I know putting it under the research gives us a little bit of a, a little sort of a overhang over the whole thing," Ginde says. "And in public I think it makes a lot more sense for it to be in the research vein, than I'd say, business venture."[31] Ginde also recalled discussions she had with attorneys about how best to avoid breaking the law.[31] She worried that "if you have someone in a really anti state that's going to be doing this for you, they're probably going to get caught."[31]

The fifth video shows Abby Johnson, a former Planned Parenthood clinic director and pro-life activist,[32] saying the sale of fetal tissue and organs made her branch about $120,000 a month.[33] Daleiden has also alleged that "Planned Parenthood illegally uses partial-birth abortions 'to harvest higher quality fetal organs for sale.'"[33] In the same video, Farrell says that doctors can "get creative" and obtain more intact fetal organs and tissue in order to contribute to the "diversification of the revenue stream."[22] She adds that "if we alter our process, and we are able to obtain intact fetal cadavers, then we can make it part of the budget."[34]

Sherilyn J. Sawyer, the director of Harvard University and Brigham and Women’s Hospital’s biorepository told FactCheck.org that "there’s no way there’s a profit at that price." She wrote that non-profit hospitals provide adult "tissue blocks from surgical procedures" at around $100–500 per block, and noted that "$30-100 is completely reasonable and normal fee."[28] Jim Vaught, president of the International Society for Biological and Environmental Repositories said that "$30 to $100 per sample is a reasonable charge for clinical operations to recover their costs for providing tissue."[28] Carolyn Compton, the chief medical and science officer of Arizona State University’s National Biomarkers Development Alliance said this was "a modest price tag for cost recovery."[28]

Deviation from usual procedure

The CMP alleges that the videos show Planned Parenthood officials offering to deviate from normal procedures in order to acquire more intact fetal tissues and organs.[19] Federal law prohibits altering procedures to obtain human tissue for medical research,[35][34] as well as delivering intact fetuses.[34] Planned Parenthood spokespeople have responded to CMP's allegations by stating that the organization follows "all laws - period," and that the accusations made in CMP's videos "are false."[19][36]

In the first video, Nucatola said doctors would avoid "crushing" certain parts of the fetus to keep desired organs and body parts intact.[37] In the second video, Gatter offers to speak with the doctors performing the abortions about using a "less crunchy technique" to obtain more intact organs and tissue.[38][39] She also offers to ask about changing procedures to use one with less suction to better ensure that the aborted fetus comes out more intact.[30] Gatter says that in so doing "we’re kind of violating the protocol that says to the patient, 'We’re not doing anything different in our care of you,' but calls that "a specious little argument."[38]

Ginde, in the fourth video, discusses training abortion doctors to perform abortions so as to keep the fetal tissue and organs intact.[20] In the fifth video, Melissa Farrell, Planned Parenthood Gulf Coast's director of research, suggests that "if we alter our process and we are able to obtain intact fetal cadavers, then we can make it part of the budget," and suggests that "it will probably also require a little bit of input from the doctors."[33]

Art Caplan, a professor of bioethics at New York University, has said that the "biggest problem Planned Parenthood has" is not a legal one, but an ethical one.[26] He believes that it "is a big ethical no-no" to "change how you do the abortion in order to get a better chance of preserving something that you can then make available for research."[26] Caplan believes that Planned Parenthood does do so, but should not.[26] He said it was "disturbing" to alter the procedure or change the position of the fetus to obtain organs and tissue.[26] "In abortion," Caplan says, "the primary goal is to give the safest abortion possible. Your sole concern has to be the mother and her health."[40] He added that that it is "ethically very dangerous" to "put the mom’s health secondary."[30]

A Congressional committee is investigating whether any laws were broken.[35]

In the sixth video, Holly O’Donnell, a pro-life former StemExpress technician, says that she was told by her superiors to encourage women seeking abortions to sign the consent forms, and that even when women refused to sign the fetal organs and tissues were sometimes taken anyway.[36][41] In the unedited first video, Nucatola claims the donations are only made with the patient's consent.[6] StemExpress has "unequivocally" denied O'Donnell's allegation, stating that the video is "deceptively edited and falsely worded to suggest impropriety or illegality where none exists.”[36] Eric Ferrero, vice president of communication for the Planned Parenthood Federation of America, noted that O'Donnell "has never worked for Planned Parenthood," and called her claims "false and outrageous."[36]

Consent is "the first of the tough issues" with mothers donating the tissue from their aborted fetuses, according to Caplan. The mothers are "obviously emotionally distraught" and the abortions are often performed on the first day they arrive at the facility, giving them little time to contemplate the ramifications of what they are being asked to do. There are few guidelines on the topic, and there is no consensus on when is the best time to ask the mothers to consent, which Caplan contrasted to the highly regulated field of harvesting organs after someone already born has died.[26]

Reception

The editorial board of the New York Times described CMP's actions as a "campaign of deception against Planned Parenthood", and wrote that the "video campaign is a dishonest attempt to make legal, voluntary and potentially lifesaving tissue donations appear nefarious and illegal."[25] Supporters of Planned Parenthood have complained that the videos were "highly edited",[1][2] although the Center for Medical Progress has released unedited videos along with the much shorter edited versions.[30][40][25][42]

George Will believes that Planned Parenthood executives should "drop the pretense of conducting a complex moral calculus about the organs they harvest from the babies they kill" because the "abortion industry’s premise is: At no point in the gestation of a human infant does this living being have a trace of personhood that must be respected."[43]

Reaction from Planned Parenthood

The videos have Planned Parenthood in "damage control mode."[44][45] SKDKnickerbocker, the high-profile Washington public relations firm hired by Planned Parenthood to deal with the scandal, has requested media not to air the videos.[46]

Dawn Laguens, executive vice president of PPFA, stated: "The latest [fifth] tape has at least 20 substantial and unexplained edits. Previous tapes released by this extremist group were "heavily edited" in order to distort what was actually said. These videos are intended to shock and deceive the public."[2] In a letter to a Congressional committee, PPFA wrote: "A group of extremists who have intimidated women and doctors for years — in their agenda to ban abortion completely — are not 'documenting' misdeeds; they are trying to create them, quite unsuccessfully."[6]

In response to Planned Parenthood, CMP stated that "we look forward to showing the public more clear evidence that Planned Parenthood routinely profits from the sale of baby parts and changes the abortion procedures it uses on pregnant women in order to do so."[27]

Investigations

Responding to the videos and to CMP's claims, three different congressional committees, as well as officials in a number of states launched investigations into Planned Parenthood's tissue collection activities.[5][47] One Congressional committee has asked to interview Gatter, Ginde, and Farrell to see if the statements they made in the videos are consistent with existing federal law.[48] Speaking of Nucatola, Committee Chairman Fred Upton said that, "at the end of the day, she'll testify," by appearing under subpoena if necessary.[49]

On July 30, 2015, Indiana Governor Mike Pence announced that the state's investigation did not find any evidence of wrongdoing in Planned Parenthood's handling of fetal tissue.[50] In Massachusetts, where there is no fetal tissue and organ donation program, Attorney General Maura Healey found that aborted fetuses are disposed of properly in a report that "voiced strong support for" Planned Parenthood.[51] In Florida, investigators from the Agency for Health Care Administration found on July 31, 2015 that three Planned Parenthood clinics were performing second-trimester abortions without the proper licenses, and that one clinic was failing to keep proper logs relating to fetal remains. Planned Parenthood rejected the findings.[52]

Texas Governor Greg Abbott announced an investigation into practices in Texas, and said that the state would "expand its investigation" after the release of the second video,[30] and Missouri Attorney General Chris Koster announced that his office would investigate Planned Parenthood for any potential wrongdoing at its clinics in that state.[30] Investigations have also been launched in Ohio, Kansas, Georgia, South Carolina, Mississippi, and Louisiana, with calls for the Justice Department to investigate as well.[44]

At the local level, the Harris County district attorney launched a criminal investigation in conjunction with the Texas Rangers and the Houston Police Department after the fifth video was released showing a Planned Parenthood executive in that city.[53]

California Attorney General Kamala D. Harris has announced an investigation into the Center for Medical Progress' practice of undercover recording.[14]

Court orders

On July 31, the National Abortion Federation sued CMP and Daleiden,[1] and a Los Angeles judge placed a temporary restraining order on the release of further videos of employees of StemExpress, one company with which Planned Parenthood does business, based on California's anti-wiretapping law.[54][55][56] The order also prohibits the group from disclosing names or addresses of National Abortion Federation members, or dates and locations of future meetings.[14] A hearing will be held on August 27, 2015.[57]

CMP says that they follow "all applicable laws."[27][clarification needed] Daleiden has stated that in the suppressed video the "top leadership" of StemExpress "admitted that they sometimes get fully intact fetuses shipped to their laboratory from the abortion clinics that they work with and that could be prima facie evidence of born-alive infants."[41]

Political impact

The videos were shown to several pro-life congressmen, including Diane Black, Trent Franks and Tim Murphy, weeks before being made publicly available.[58][15] Black said that she was given advance screening of the videos, which "literally made [her] sick to [her] stomach" as well as "emotional and tearful," so that she would be prepared to comment on them after their release.[15]

The timing of the first video led commentators to speculate it may have been released to coincide with a bill to raise money for Susan G. Komen for the Cure, which gives funding to Planned Parenthood.[59] After the first video was released, Rand Paul and Diane Black introduced pre-prepared legislation to discontinue federal funding of Planned Parenthood.[60][61] On August 3, 2015, the legislation failed to pass in the Senate with 53 supporting discontinuing funding and 46 opposed. This was seven votes short of the 60 needed to pass the bill.[62][63][64][65]

Several Republican Presidential candidates repeated CMP's allegations that PPFA used tissue donation as a way to profit from abortion.[nb 1] Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton, who "staunchly defended" the organization, said the the videos were "disturbing" and called for a national investigation into the sale of aborted fetal tissue.[66] The White House said it would oppose any congressional attempts to defund Planned Parenthood.[67]

On July 14, 2015, House Speaker John Boehner ordered congressional hearings into the practice procuring fetal tissues and organs by Planned Parenthood, and at least one committee committed to scheduling a hearing.[7] Senate Minority Leader Harry Reid has said that Planned Parenthood's practices “should be looked into.”[9][8]

Other outcomes

Louisiana governor Bobby Jindal announced on August 3, 2015 that the Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals is terminating its contract with Planned Parenthood that provides the organization with state Medicaid funds.[68] Alabama[13] and New Hampshire[12] also cut state funding to Planned Parenthood in the wake of the videos. Other states are considering cutting funding, although the Obama administration has warned that it may be illegal to do so.[69]

After consulting with the university’s Bioethics Advisory Committee, Colorado State University president Tony Frank suspended the further purchase of fetal tissue for research purposes.[70]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Rick Perry said "The video showing a Planned Parenthood employee selling the body parts of aborted children is a disturbing reminder of the organization’s penchant for profiting off the tragedy of a destroyed human life."[28] Carly Fiorina said "This latest news is tragic and outrageous. This isn’t about "choice." It’s about profiting on the death of the unborn while telling women it’s about empowerment."[28] Rand Paul posted on Twitter "...a video showing [Planned Parenthood]’s top doctor describing how she performs late-term abortions to sell body parts for profit!" and vowed to campaign to defund Planned Parenthood.[61]

References

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  3. ^ a b Glenza, Jessica (August 4, 2015). "Fifth Planned Parenthood undercover video released by anti-abortion group". The Guardian. Retrieved August 13, 2015.
  4. ^ a b Calmes, Jackie (July 15, 2015). "Video Accuses Planned Parenthood of Crime". New York Times. Retrieved August 13, 2015.
  5. ^ a b c d e the Associated Press (July 14, 2015). "Covert Video Targets Planned Parenthood Fetal-Parts Policy". New York Times. Retrieved August 13, 2015.
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  11. ^ New Orleans and Baton Rouge clinics
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  38. ^ a b Carmon, Irin (July 21, 2015). "Group releases second Planned Parenthood sting video". MSNBC. Retrieved August 7, 2015. "And then, if we want to pursue this, mutually, I talk to Ian and see how he feels about using a "less crunchy" technique to get more whole specimens.
  39. ^ "Who Is the 26-Year-Old Man Behind the Planned Parenthood 'Sting' Videos?". Yahoo Health. July 22, 2015.
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  44. ^ a b Jake Tapper (August 4, 2015). The Lead With Jake Tapper. CNN. Retrieved August 10, 2015.
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  47. ^ Calmes, Jackie; St. Fleur, Nicholas (July 15, 2015). "House Republicans to Investigate Planned Parenthood Over Fetal Tissue". The New York Times.
  48. ^ Reuters (August 7, 2015). "Federal lawmakers are digging deeper into the Planned Parenthood controversy". Business Insider. Retrieved August 10, 2015. {{cite news}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  49. ^ Fram, Allan (July 27, 2015). "Videos a Political Blow to Planned Parenthood, Democrats; Congressional hearings seem likely". Minneapolis Star Tribune. Retrieved July 27, 2015.
  50. ^ "Indiana finds no Planned Parenthood abortion violations after undercover videos prompt probe", Fox News, Associated Press, July 30, 2015, retrieved August 2, 2015
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  52. ^ Armour, Stephanie (August 6, 2015). "Florida Investigation of Planned Parenthood Clinics Finds Deficiencies". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved August 6, 2015.
  53. ^ Nazerian, Tina (August 5, 2015). "Harris DA to investigate Planned Parenthood after release of video". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved August 11, 2015.
  54. ^ Armario, Christine (July 29, 2015). "Court bars anti-abortion group from releasing new videos". Associated Press. Archived from the original on July 30, 2015.
  55. ^ "StemExpress wins court order in video flap with anti-abortion group". Sacramento Business Journal. July 30, 2015.
  56. ^ "Restraining order issued against anti-abortion group's video". The Exponent Telegram.
  57. ^ Byrnes, Jesse (August 4, 2015). "Judge Extends Block on New Planned Parenthood Videos". The Hill. Retrieved August 12, 2015.
  58. ^ "Lawmakers Knew About Planned Parenthood Video Weeks Ago (Video)". Rollcall.com. July 16, 2015.
  59. ^ "Coincidence ... or Is It? Planned Parenthood 'Sting' Video Isn't First to Derail Legislation". Yahoo Health. July 17, 2015.
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  61. ^ a b Selyukh, Alina (July 26, 2015). "Rand Paul plans to keep pushing to defund U.S. Planned Parenthood". Reuters.
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  65. ^ "Senate blocks Planned Parenthood defunding measure". Reuters. August 3, 2015.
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  68. ^ "GOVERNOR JINDAL ANNOUNCES THE TERMINATION OF MEDICAID CONTRACT WITH PLANNED PARENTHOOD". Office of the Governor. August 3, 2015. Retrieved August 13, 2015.
  69. ^ Armour, Stephanie (August 12, 2015). "States Warned Over Ending Medicaid Funds for Planned Parenthood". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved August 12, 2015.
  70. ^ "CSU Caught Up In Sale Of Fetal Tissue Controversy". CBS 4 Denver. July 30, 2015. Retrieved August 11, 2015.
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