Androcalva fraseri: Difference between revisions
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{{taxobox |
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|name |
| name = Brush Kurrajong |
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|image =Commersonia fraseri Dungog.JPG |
| image = Commersonia fraseri Dungog.JPG |
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|image_caption = ''Commersonia fraseri'', [[Telegherry River]], near [[Dungog]], Australia |
| image_caption = ''Commersonia fraseri'', [[Telegherry River]], near [[Dungog]], Australia |
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|status = |
| status = |
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|status_system = |
| status_system = |
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|regnum = [[Plantae]] |
| regnum = [[Plantae]] |
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|unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]] |
| unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]] |
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|unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]] |
| unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]] |
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|unranked_ordo = [[Rosids]] |
| unranked_ordo = [[Rosids]] |
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|ordo = [[Malvales]] |
| ordo = [[Malvales]] |
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|familia = [[Malvaceae]] |
| familia = [[Malvaceae]] |
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|genus = ''[[Commersonia]]'' |
| genus = ''[[Commersonia]]'' |
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|species = '''''C. fraseri''''' |
| species = '''''C. fraseri''''' |
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|binomial = ''Commersonia fraseri'' |
| binomial = ''Commersonia fraseri'' |
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|binomial_authority = [[Jacques Etienne Gay|J.Gay]] |
| binomial_authority = [[Jacques Etienne Gay|J.Gay]] |
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The French naturalist [[Jacques Etienne Gay]] was the first to name the species, in 1823.<ref name=apni>{{APNI | name = ''Commersonia fraseri'' J.Gay | id = 20749}}</ref> The genus is named after the French naturalist [[Philibert Commerson]], and the species name honours the colonial botanist of New South Wales [[Charles Fraser (botanist)|Charles Fraser]].<ref name="gnp">{{cite web|url=http://www.anbg.gov.au/gnp/gnp10/commersonia-fraseri.html|title=Growing Native Plants: Commersonia fraseri|last=Lodder|first=Mark |date=16 December 2003|publisher=Australian National Botanic Gardens, Australian Government|accessdate=8 December 2011|location=Canberra, Australian Capital Territory}}</ref> Vernacular names include brush kurrajong and blackfellows hemp.<ref name=apni/> |
The French naturalist [[Jacques Etienne Gay]] was the first to name the species, in 1823.<ref name=apni>{{APNI | name = ''Commersonia fraseri'' J.Gay | id = 20749}}</ref> The genus is named after the French naturalist [[Philibert Commerson]], and the species name honours the colonial botanist of New South Wales [[Charles Fraser (botanist)|Charles Fraser]].<ref name="gnp">{{cite web|url=http://www.anbg.gov.au/gnp/gnp10/commersonia-fraseri.html|title=Growing Native Plants: Commersonia fraseri|last=Lodder|first=Mark |date=16 December 2003|publisher=Australian National Botanic Gardens, Australian Government|accessdate=8 December 2011|location=Canberra, Australian Capital Territory}}</ref> Vernacular names include brush kurrajong and blackfellows hemp.<ref name=apni/> |
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A 2011 molecular analysis of segments of chloroplast DNA found that the genera ''[[Commersonia]]'' and ''[[Rulingia]]'' formed a monophyletic group but that the member species were intermingled, and split out into two hitherto unrecognised clades.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Whitlock, Barbara A.; Hale, Amanda M.; Indorf, Jane L.; |
A 2011 molecular analysis of segments of chloroplast DNA found that the genera ''[[Commersonia]]'' and ''[[Rulingia]]'' formed a monophyletic group but that the member species were intermingled, and split out into two hitherto unrecognised clades.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Whitlock, Barbara A.; Hale, Amanda M.; Indorf, Jane L.; Wilkins, Carolyn F. |year=2011|title=Polyphyly of ''Rulingia'' and ''Commersonia'' (Lasiopetaleae, Malvaceae s.l.)|journal=Australian Systematic Botany|volume=24|issue=5|pages= 215–25|doi=10.1071/SB09030}}</ref> ''C. fraseri'' belongs to a clade which has been reclassified as a new genus ''[[Androcalva]]'', and hence its new binomial name is ''Androcalva fraseri''.<ref>{{cite journal|author= Wilkins, Carolyn F.; Whitlock, Barbara A. |year=2011|title=A new Australian genus, ''Androcalva'', separated from ''Commersonia'' (Malvaceae s.l. or Byttneriaceae)|journal=Australian Systematic Botany|volume=24|issue=5|pages=284–349|doi=10.1071/SB10032}}</ref> |
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==Description== |
==Description== |
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''Commersonia fraseri'' grows as a 2 |
''Commersonia fraseri'' grows as a {{convert|2|or|3|m|ft|abbr=on}} shrub,<ref name=Fairley>{{cite book|author = Fairley, Alan; Moore, Philip |title=Native Plants of the Sydney District:An Identification Guide |year=2000 |edition= 2nd|publisher=Kangaroo Press |page=80|location=Kenthurst, New South Wales |isbn=0-7318-1031-7}}</ref> or small tree to {{convert|8|m|ft|abbr=on}} high. Arranged alternately along the stems,<ref name="gnp"/> the ovate leaves have irregularly toothed margins and are {{convert|5|–|17|cm|in|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|2|–|7|cm|in|abbr=on}} wide. The leaf undersides are whitish, and covered in a fine fur.<ref name=plantnet/> Flowering peaks in September and continues till November.<ref name=Benson2001>{{cite journal|author=Benson, Doug; McDougall, Lyn|year=2001|title= Ecology of Sydney plant species Part 8: Dicotyledon families Rutaceaae to Zygophyllaceae|journal= Cunninghamia|volume= 7|issue=2|pages=241–462|url=http://www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0011/58556/Cun7Ben241.pdf}}</ref> The small white flowers are arranged in clusters. Flowering is followed by the development of fruit, {{convert|1.5|to|2.5|cm|in|abbr=on}} long.<ref name=Fairley/> |
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==Distribution and habitat== |
==Distribution and habitat== |
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''Commersonia fraseri'' is found in rainforest and wet eucalypt forest along and east of the Great Dividing Range in New South Wales<ref name=plantnet/> and southeastern Queensland.<ref name="gnp"/> In the latter habitat, it is associated with trees such as rough-barked apple (''[[Angophora floribunda]]''), turpentine (''[[Syncarpia glomulifera]]''), and Sydney blue gum (''[[Eucalyptus saligna]]'').<ref name=Benson2001/> A fast-growing plant, it is able to colonise disturbed ground,<ref name=Benson2001/> particularly areas where vegetation has been partly cleared such as under power lines.<ref name=Fairley/> |
''Commersonia fraseri'' is found in rainforest and wet eucalypt forest along and east of the Great Dividing Range in New South Wales<ref name=plantnet/> and southeastern Queensland.<ref name="gnp"/> In the latter habitat, it is associated with trees such as rough-barked apple (''[[Angophora floribunda]]''), turpentine (''[[Syncarpia glomulifera]]''), and Sydney blue gum (''[[Eucalyptus saligna]]'').<ref name=Benson2001/> A fast-growing plant, it is able to colonise disturbed ground,<ref name=Benson2001/> particularly areas where vegetation has been partly cleared such as under power lines.<ref name=Fairley/> |
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It is an adult host plant for the [[chrysomelidae|chrysomelid]] beetle ''[[Podagra submetallica]]''.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Hawkeswood, |
It is an adult host plant for the [[chrysomelidae|chrysomelid]] beetle ''[[Podagra submetallica]]''.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Hawkeswood, Trevor J.|year=2005|title=Three new host plants for the Australian leaf beetle ''Podagrica submetallica'' (Blackburn, 1894) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Alticinae)|journal=Calodema|volume= 4|pages=19–22|url=http://www.calodema.com/freefiles/291.pdf}}</ref>{{Clear}} |
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==Cultivation== |
==Cultivation== |
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Revision as of 14:52, 15 August 2015
| Brush Kurrajong | |
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| Commersonia fraseri, Telegherry River, near Dungog, Australia | |
| Scientific classification | |
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| (unranked): | |
| (unranked): | |
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| Order: | |
| Family: | |
| Genus: | |
| Species: | C. fraseri
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| Binomial name | |
| Commersonia fraseri | |
Commersonia fraseri, commonly known as Blackfellow's Hemp or Brush Kurrajong is a common shrub or small tree of the mallow family found in eastern Australia.[1] Growing up to 8 metres tall, it is found in rainforest margins and in wet eucalyptus forests.
Taxonomy
The French naturalist Jacques Etienne Gay was the first to name the species, in 1823.[2] The genus is named after the French naturalist Philibert Commerson, and the species name honours the colonial botanist of New South Wales Charles Fraser.[3] Vernacular names include brush kurrajong and blackfellows hemp.[2]
A 2011 molecular analysis of segments of chloroplast DNA found that the genera Commersonia and Rulingia formed a monophyletic group but that the member species were intermingled, and split out into two hitherto unrecognised clades.[4] C. fraseri belongs to a clade which has been reclassified as a new genus Androcalva, and hence its new binomial name is Androcalva fraseri.[5]
Description
Commersonia fraseri grows as a 2 or 3 m (6.6 or 9.8 ft) shrub,[6] or small tree to 8 m (26 ft) high. Arranged alternately along the stems,[3] the ovate leaves have irregularly toothed margins and are 5–17 cm (2.0–6.7 in) long and 2–7 cm (0.79–2.76 in) wide. The leaf undersides are whitish, and covered in a fine fur.[1] Flowering peaks in September and continues till November.[7] The small white flowers are arranged in clusters. Flowering is followed by the development of fruit, 1.5 to 2.5 cm (0.59 to 0.98 in) long.[6]
Distribution and habitat
Commersonia fraseri is found in rainforest and wet eucalypt forest along and east of the Great Dividing Range in New South Wales[1] and southeastern Queensland.[3] In the latter habitat, it is associated with trees such as rough-barked apple (Angophora floribunda), turpentine (Syncarpia glomulifera), and Sydney blue gum (Eucalyptus saligna).[7] A fast-growing plant, it is able to colonise disturbed ground,[7] particularly areas where vegetation has been partly cleared such as under power lines.[6]
It is an adult host plant for the chrysomelid beetle Podagra submetallica.[8]
Cultivation
Commersonia fraseri has been propagated readily from cuttings taken in winter, and grows better with extra moisture in cultivation.[3]
References
- ^ a b c "Commersonia fraseri". PlantNET – NSW Flora Online. Retrieved 2010-11-16.
- ^ a b "Commersonia fraseri J.Gay". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government.
- ^ a b c d Lodder, Mark (16 December 2003). "Growing Native Plants: Commersonia fraseri". Canberra, Australian Capital Territory: Australian National Botanic Gardens, Australian Government. Retrieved 8 December 2011.
- ^ Whitlock, Barbara A.; Hale, Amanda M.; Indorf, Jane L.; Wilkins, Carolyn F. (2011). "Polyphyly of Rulingia and Commersonia (Lasiopetaleae, Malvaceae s.l.)". Australian Systematic Botany. 24 (5): 215–25. doi:10.1071/SB09030.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Wilkins, Carolyn F.; Whitlock, Barbara A. (2011). "A new Australian genus, Androcalva, separated from Commersonia (Malvaceae s.l. or Byttneriaceae)". Australian Systematic Botany. 24 (5): 284–349. doi:10.1071/SB10032.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b c Fairley, Alan; Moore, Philip (2000). Native Plants of the Sydney District:An Identification Guide (2nd ed.). Kenthurst, New South Wales: Kangaroo Press. p. 80. ISBN 0-7318-1031-7.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b c Benson, Doug; McDougall, Lyn (2001). "Ecology of Sydney plant species Part 8: Dicotyledon families Rutaceaae to Zygophyllaceae" (PDF). Cunninghamia. 7 (2): 241–462.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Hawkeswood, Trevor J. (2005). "Three new host plants for the Australian leaf beetle Podagrica submetallica (Blackburn, 1894) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Alticinae)" (PDF). Calodema. 4: 19–22.
External links
Media related to Commersonia fraseri at Wikimedia Commons
