Amphiprion mccullochi: Difference between revisions
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==Description== |
==Description== |
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[[File:Amphiprion mccullochi juvenil.jpg|thumb|left|A. mccullochi juvenile on E. quadricolor]] |
[[File:Amphiprion mccullochi juvenil.jpg|thumb|left|A. mccullochi juvenile on E. quadricolor]] |
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A. mccullochi is dark brown with a pale snout, a white bar on each side of the head (but not connected on top of the head) and a pale tail. Juveniles have two white bars and the edge of the pectoral fins is yellow. They have 10 dorsal spines, 2 anal spines, 15-17 dorsal soft rays and 13-14 anal soft rays.{{r|Fishbase}} They reach a maximum length of {{convert|12|cm|in|frac=4|abbr=on}}.{{r|FieldGuide}} |
''A. mccullochi'' is dark brown with a pale snout, a white bar on each side of the head (but not connected on top of the head) and a pale tail. Juveniles have two white bars and the edge of the pectoral fins is yellow. They have 10 dorsal spines, 2 anal spines, 15-17 dorsal soft rays and 13-14 anal soft rays.{{r|Fishbase}} They reach a maximum length of {{convert|12|cm|in|frac=4|abbr=on}}.{{r|FieldGuide}} |
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===Color variations=== |
===Color variations=== |
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===Similar species=== |
===Similar species=== |
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[[Amphiprion melanopus|A. melanopus]] has a reddish chest, belly and dorsal fin, with a yellowish to slightly red tail. The white bars are also connected over the top of the head.{{r|FieldGuide}} |
''[[Amphiprion melanopus|A. melanopus]]'' has a reddish chest, belly and dorsal fin, with a yellowish to slightly red tail. The white bars are also connected over the top of the head.{{r|FieldGuide}} |
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==Distribution and Habitat== |
==Distribution and Habitat== |
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A. mccullochi is only found in the south western Pacific ocean at Lord Howe Island and Norfolk Island.{{r|FieldGuide}} |
''A. mccullochi'' is only found in the south western Pacific ocean at Lord Howe Island and Norfolk Island.{{r|FieldGuide}} |
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===Host anemnones=== |
===Host anemnones=== |
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A. mccullochi is associated with the following species of anemone: |
''A. mccullochi'' is associated with the following species of anemone: |
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*''[[Bubble-tip anemone|Entacmaea quadricolor]]'' Bubble-tip anemone{{r|FieldGuide}} |
*''[[Bubble-tip anemone|Entacmaea quadricolor]]'' Bubble-tip anemone{{r|FieldGuide}} |
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<ref name="FieldGuide">{{cite book|last=Fautin|first=Daphne G.|author2=Allen, Gerald R. |title=Field Guide to Anemone Fishes and Their Host Sea Anemones |publisher=[[Western Australian Museum]] |year=1992|url=http://jjgeisler.com/reeftank/anemones/ |isbn=0-7309-5216-9|pages=88}}</ref> |
<ref name="FieldGuide">{{cite book|last=Fautin|first=Daphne G.|author2=Allen, Gerald R. |title=Field Guide to Anemone Fishes and Their Host Sea Anemones |publisher=[[Western Australian Museum]] |year=1992|url=http://jjgeisler.com/reeftank/anemones/ |isbn=0-7309-5216-9|pages=88}}</ref> |
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<ref name="Fishbase">{{FishBase species | genus = Amphiprion |species = mccullochi| month = |
<ref name="Fishbase">{{FishBase species | genus = Amphiprion |species = mccullochi| month = November | year = 2014}}</ref> |
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<ref name=Aust>{{cite web |url=http://www.fishesofaustralia.net.au/home/species/1273 |title=McCulloch's Anemonefish| publisher=Museum Victoria |accessdate=2 September 2015}}</ref> |
<ref name=Aust>{{cite web |url=http://www.fishesofaustralia.net.au/home/species/1273 |title=McCulloch's Anemonefish| publisher=Museum Victoria |accessdate=2 September 2015}}</ref> |
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<ref name=liveaquaria>{{cite web | title = Captive breeding of the rare McCulloch's Clownfish (Amphiprion mccullochi) Updates & Blog | url = http://www.liveaquaria.com/general/general.cfm?general_pagesid=476 | accessdate = 2014-08-31 }}</ref> |
<ref name=liveaquaria>{{cite web | title = Captive breeding of the rare McCulloch's Clownfish (Amphiprion mccullochi) Updates & Blog | url = http://www.liveaquaria.com/general/general.cfm?general_pagesid=476 | accessdate = 2014-08-31 }}</ref> |
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Revision as of 00:25, 5 September 2015
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| Amphiprion mccullochi Whitely 1929
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Amphiprion mccullochi (whitesnout anemonefish or McCulloch's clownfish) is a marine fish belonging to the family Pomacentridae, the clownfishes and damselfishes, found only at Lord Howe Island and Norfolk Island.[1]. It was named for Allan McCulloch, a former Curator of Fishes at the Australian Museum, Sydney.[2]
Characteristics of Anemonefish
Clownfish or anemonefish are fishes that, in the wild, form symbiotic mutualisms with sea anemones and are unaffected by the stinging tentacles of the host anemone, see Amphiprioninae § Symbiosis and mutualism. The sea anemone protects the clownfish from predators, as well as providing food through the scraps left from the anemone's meals and occasional dead anemone tentacles. In return, the clownfish defends the anemone from its predators, and parasites.[3] Clownfish are small-sized, 10–18 centimetres (3.9–7.1 in), and depending on species, they are overall yellow, orange, or a reddish or blackish color, and many show white bars or patches. Within species there may be color variations, most commonly according to distribution, but also based on sex, age and host anemone. Clownfish are found in warmer waters of the Indian and Pacific oceans and the Red Sea in sheltered reefs or in shallow lagoons.
In a group of clownfish, there is a strict dominance hierarchy. The largest and most aggressive fish is female and is found at the top. Only two clownfish, a male and a female, in a group reproduce through external fertilization. Clownfish are sequential hermaphrodites, meaning that they develop into males first, and when they mature, they become females.
Description
A. mccullochi is dark brown with a pale snout, a white bar on each side of the head (but not connected on top of the head) and a pale tail. Juveniles have two white bars and the edge of the pectoral fins is yellow. They have 10 dorsal spines, 2 anal spines, 15-17 dorsal soft rays and 13-14 anal soft rays.[4] They reach a maximum length of 12 cm (4+3⁄4 in).[1]
Color variations
None known.
Similar species
A. melanopus has a reddish chest, belly and dorsal fin, with a yellowish to slightly red tail. The white bars are also connected over the top of the head.[1]
Distribution and Habitat
A. mccullochi is only found in the south western Pacific ocean at Lord Howe Island and Norfolk Island.[1]
Host anemnones
A. mccullochi is associated with the following species of anemone:
- Entacmaea quadricolor Bubble-tip anemone[1]
In aquaria
This species has bred in captivity.[5][6]
References
- ^ a b c d e Fautin, Daphne G.; Allen, Gerald R. (1992). Field Guide to Anemone Fishes and Their Host Sea Anemones. Western Australian Museum. p. 88. ISBN 0-7309-5216-9.
- ^ "McCulloch's Anemonefish". Museum Victoria. Retrieved 2 September 2015.
- ^ "Clown Anemonefish". Nat Geo Wild : Animals. National Geographic Society. Retrieved 2011-12-19.
- ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Amphiprion mccullochi". FishBase. November 2014 version.
- ^ "Captive breeding of the rare McCulloch's Clownfish (Amphiprion mccullochi) Updates & Blog". Retrieved 2014-08-31.
- ^ "McCullochi Clownfish". Retrieved 2014-08-31.
