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German submarine U-104 (1940): Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 55°30′N 8°0′W / 55.500°N 8.000°W / 55.500; -8.000
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{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=
|Ship image=
|Ship caption=
|Ship caption=
}}
}}
{{Infobox ship career
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=
|Hide header=
|Ship country= {{nowrap|[[Nazi Germany]]}}
|Ship country={{nowrap|[[Nazi Germany]]}}
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|Nazi Germany|naval}}
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|Nazi Germany|naval}}
|Ship name=''U-104''
|Ship name=''U-104''
|Ship ordered=24 May 1938<ref name=U104>{{cite web|url=http://ubootwaffe.net/ops/boat.cgi?boat=104 |title=U-104 Type IXB|work=ubootwaffe.net|accessdate=8 June 2010}}{{dead link|date=June 2014}}</ref>
|Ship ordered=24 May 1938<ref name=U104>{{cite web|url=http://ubootwaffe.net/ops/boat.cgi?boat=104 |title=U-104 Type IXB|work=ubootwaffe.net|accessdate=8 June 2010}}{{dead link|date=June 2014}}</ref>
|Ship builder= [[DeSchiMAG]] [[AG Weser]], [[Bremen]]
|Ship builder=[[DeSchiMAG]] [[AG Weser]], [[Bremen]]
|Ship yard number=967<ref name=U104/>
|Ship yard number=967<ref name=U104/>
|Ship laid down=10 November 1939<ref name=U104/>
|Ship laid down=10 November 1939<ref name=U104/>
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}}</ref>
}}</ref>
|Ship class=[[German Type IXB submarine]]
|Ship class=[[German Type IXB submarine]]
|Ship displacement= {{convert|1051|t|LT|abbr=on}} surfaced<br/>{{convert|1178|t|LT|abbr=on}} submerged
|Ship displacement={{convert|1051|t|LT|abbr=on}} surfaced<br/>{{convert|1178|t|LT|abbr=on}} submerged
|Ship length= {{convert|76.5|m|ft|abbr=on}} [[o/a]]<br />{{convert|58.75|m|ftin|abbr=on}} [[pressure hull]]
|Ship length={{convert|76.50|m|ft|abbr=on}} [[o/a]]<br />{{convert|58.75|m|ftin|abbr=on}} [[pressure hull]]
|Ship beam={{convert|6.76|m|ftin|abbr=on}} o/a<br />{{convert|4.4|m|ftin|abbr=on}} pressure hull
|Ship beam={{convert|6.76|m|ftin|abbr=on}} o/a<br />{{convert|4.40|m|ftin|abbr=on}} pressure hull
|Ship height={{convert|9.6|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|Ship height={{convert|9.60|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|Ship draft={{convert|4.7|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|Ship draft={{convert|4.70|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|Ship speed= {{convert|18.2|kn|lk=in|abbr=on}} surfaced<br />{{convert|7.3|kn}} submerged
|Ship speed={{convert|18.2|kn|lk=in|abbr=on}} surfaced<br />{{convert|7.3|kn}} submerged
|Ship range= {{convert|12,000|nmi|lk=in|abbr=on}} at {{convert|10|kn}} surfaced<br />{{convert|64|nmi|abbr=on}} at {{convert|4|kn}} submerged
|Ship range={{convert|12,000|nmi|lk=in|abbr=on}} at {{convert|10|kn}} surfaced<br />{{convert|64|nmi|abbr=on}} at {{convert|4|kn}} submerged
|Ship power={{convert|4400|PS|kW bhp|abbr=on}} (diesels)<br/>{{convert|1000|PS|kW shp|-1|abbr=on}} (electric)
|ship propulsion=2&nbsp;×&nbsp;[[MAN SE|MAN]] M&nbsp;9&nbsp;V&nbsp;40/46 supercharged 9-cylinder diesel engines of 4,400 hp<br />2&nbsp;×&nbsp;[[Siemens-Schuckert|SSW]] 2&nbsp;GU&nbsp;345/34 [[Motor-generator|double acting electric engines]] of 1,000 hp
|Ship propulsion=2 shafts; 2&nbsp;×&nbsp;[[diesel engine]]s<br />2&nbsp;×&nbsp;[[Motor-generator|electric motors]]
|Ship test depth={{convert|230|m|ft|abbr=on}}
|Ship test depth={{convert|230|m|ft|abbr=on}}
|ship complement= 48 to 56 officers and ratings
|Ship complement=4 officers, 44 enlisted
|Ship armament={{plainlist|
|Ship armament={{plainlist|
*6&nbsp;×&nbsp;[[torpedo tube]]s (four bow, two stern)
*6 × [[torpedo tube]]s (4 bow, 2 stern)
*22&nbsp;×&nbsp;{{convert|53.3|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} torpedoes
*22 × {{convert|53.3|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} [[torpedo]]es
*1&nbsp;×&nbsp;[[10.5 cm SK L/45 naval gun|{{convert|10.5|cm|in|abbr=on}} SK L/45 deck gun]] (180 rounds)
*1 × {{convert|10.5|cm|in|abbr=on}}[[deck gun]] (180 rounds)
*1 × {{convert|3.7|cm|in|abbr=on}} AA gun
*[[anti-aircraft gun]]s
*1 × twin [[2 cm FlaK 30]] AA guns}}
}}
|Ship notes=
|Ship notes=
}}
}}
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|codes=
|codes=
|commanders=''[[Kptlt.]]'' [[Harald Jürst]]<br/>(19 August 1940–28 November 1940)
|commanders=''[[Kptlt.]]'' [[Harald Jürst]]<br/>(19 August 1940–28 November 1940)
|operations=
|operations=
|victories=
|victories=
|awards=
|awards=
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===Design===
===Design===
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 101II-MW-4260-37, Lorient, U-Boote U-123 und U-201 auslaufend.jpg|300px|left|thumb|''U-123''–an identical U-boat to ''U-104''–leaving Lorient on 8 June 1941]]
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 101II-MW-4260-37, Lorient, U-Boote U-123 und U-201 auslaufend.jpg|300px|left|thumb|''U-123''–an identical U-boat to ''U-104''–leaving Lorient on 8 June 1941]]
[[German Type IXA submarine]]s were slightly larger than the original [[German Type IXA submarine|German Type IX submarines]], later designated IXA. ''U-104'' had a displacement of {{convert|1051|t|LT}} when at the surface and {{convert|1178|t|LT}} while submerged.{{sfn|Gröner|1985|p=105}} The U-boat had a total length of {{convert|76.50|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a [[pressure hull]] length of {{convert|58.75|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a [[beam (nautical)|beam]] of {{convert|6.76|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, a height of {{convert|9.60|m|ftin|abbr=on}}, and a [[draught (ship)|draught]] of {{convert|4.70|m|ftin|abbr=on}}. The submarine was powered by two [[MAN SE|MAN]] M 9 V 40/46 [[supercharged]] four-stroke, six-cylinder [[diesel engine]]s producing a total of {{convert|4400|PS|kW shp|-1}} for use while surfaced, two [[Siemens-Schuckert]] 2 GU 345/34 [[Motor–generator|double-acting electric motors]] producing a total of {{convert|1000|shp|PS kW|-1}} for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two {{convert|1.92|m|ft|abbr=on|0}} [[propeller]]s. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to {{convert|230|m}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1985|pp=105-106}}
Like all Type IXB submarines, ''U-104'' had a total output of {{convert|1000|PS|shp kW|0|abbr=on}} while submerged and {{convert|4400|PS|shp kW|0|abbr=on}} when surfaced. As a result, she could travel at a maximum speed of {{convert|18.2|kn|lk=in}} while surfaced and {{convert|7.3|kn}} while submerged. ''U-104'' had a range of {{convert|12,000|nmi|lk=in}} at {{convert|10|kn}} while on the surface and {{convert|64|nmi|abbr=on}} at {{convert|4|kn}} while submerged. She was equipped with six torpedo tubes (four in the bow, two in the stern) and carried a total of 22 {{convert|53.3|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} torpedoes. The submarine could also be equipped with 44 TMA mines instead of torpedoes. ''U-104''{{'}}s main [[deck gun]] was a [[10.5 cm SK C/32 naval gun]] on a ''Utof'' mounting with 180 rounds. ''U-104'' also carried the standard [[2 cm FlaK 30]] anti-aircraft gun. She had a crew of 49 men, but could carry up to 56 crew members at any given time. After being commissioned and deployed, ''U-104'' was stationed in the German port city of [[Wilhelmshaven]].<ref name=Type/>


The submarine had a maximum surface speed of {{convert|18.2|kn}} and a maximum submerged speed of {{convert|7.3|kn}}.{{sfn|Gröner|1985|p=105}} When submerged, it could operate for {{convert|64|nmi}} at {{convert|4|kn}}; when surfaced, she could travel {{convert|12000|nmi}} at {{convert|10|kn}}. ''U-104'' was fitted with six {{convert|53.3|cm|in|0|abbr=on}} [[torpedo tube]]s (four fitted at the bow and two at the stern), 22 [torpedo]]es, one [[10.5 cm SK C/32 naval gun|{{convert|10.5|cm|in|2|abbr=on}} SK C/32 naval gun]], 180 rounds, and a {{convert|3.7|cm|in|abbr=on}} as well as a {{convert|2|cm|in|abbr=on}} anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a [[Ship's company|complement]] of forty-eight.{{sfn|Gröner|1985|p=105}}
⚫
==Service History==

⚫
==Service history==
During her short career, ''U-104'' sank one enemy vessel and damaged another on her first and only war patrol in the [[North Sea]], off the northern coast of Ireland and Great Britain.<ref name=uboatnet/> She went to sea on her first and only war patrol on 12 November 1940. For a period of 17 days, she roamed the North Sea and eventually the northern coast of Scotland and Ireland in search of any Allied convoys heading to Great Britain. During that time she attacked two enemy vessels, sinking one and damaging the other.<ref name=Patrol1/> On 27 November 1940, ''U-104'' torpedoed and sank the British merchant vessel ''Diplomat'', a straggler of [[convoy HX 88]], with the loss of 14 of her crew.<ref name=Diplomat>{{cite web
During her short career, ''U-104'' sank one enemy vessel and damaged another on her first and only war patrol in the [[North Sea]], off the northern coast of Ireland and Great Britain.<ref name=uboatnet/> She went to sea on her first and only war patrol on 12 November 1940. For a period of 17 days, she roamed the North Sea and eventually the northern coast of Scotland and Ireland in search of any Allied convoys heading to Great Britain. During that time she attacked two enemy vessels, sinking one and damaging the other.<ref name=Patrol1/> On 27 November 1940, ''U-104'' torpedoed and sank the British merchant vessel ''Diplomat'', a straggler of [[convoy HX 88]], with the loss of 14 of her crew.<ref name=Diplomat>{{cite web
|url=http://www.uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/677.html
|url=http://www.uboat.net/allies/merchants/ships/677.html
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|accessdate=8 June 2010
|accessdate=8 June 2010
}}
}}
* {{cite web
*{{cite web
| url =http://www.u-boot-archiv.de/dieboote/u0104.html
|url=http://www.u-boot-archiv.de/dieboote/u0104.html
| title =''U 104''
|title=''U 104''
| last =Hofmann
|last=Hofmann
| first =Markus
|first=Markus
| website =Deutsche U-Boote 1935-1945 - u-boot-archiv.de
|website=Deutsche U-Boote 1935-1945 - u-boot-archiv.de
| language =German
|language=German
| accessdate =2014-12-06
|accessdate=2014-12-06
}}
}}


Revision as of 07:20, 13 September 2015

For other ships with the same name, see German submarine U-104.
History
Nazi Germany
NameU-104
Ordered24 May 1938[1]
BuilderDeSchiMAG AG Weser, Bremen
Yard number967[1]
Laid down10 November 1939[1]
Launched25 May 1940[1]
Commissioned19 August 1940[1]
FateMissing since 28 November 1940 northwest of Ireland. All 49 of her crew are presumed lost[2]
General characteristics [3][4]
Class and typeGerman Type IXB submarine
Displacementlist error: <br /> list (help)
1,051 t (1,034 long tons) surfaced
1,178 t (1,159 long tons) submerged
Lengthlist error: <br /> list (help)
76.50 m (251.0 ft) o/a
58.75 m (192 ft 9 in) pressure hull
Beamlist error: <br /> list (help)
6.76 m (22 ft 2 in) o/a
4.40 m (14 ft 5 in) pressure hull
Height9.60 m (31 ft 6 in)
Draft4.70 m (15 ft 5 in)
Installed powerlist error: <br /> list (help)
4,400 PS (3,200 kW; 4,300 bhp) (diesels)
1,000 PS (740 kW; 990 shp) (electric)
Propulsionlist error: <br /> list (help)
2 shafts; 2 × diesel engines
2 × electric motors
Speedlist error: <br /> list (help)
18.2 kn (33.7 km/h; 20.9 mph) surfaced
7.3 knots (13.5 km/h; 8.4 mph) submerged
Rangelist error: <br /> list (help)
12,000 nmi (22,000 km; 14,000 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) surfaced
64 nmi (119 km; 74 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph) submerged
Test depth230 m (750 ft)
Complement4 officers, 44 enlisted
Armamentlist error: mixed text and list (help)
Service record[2][5]
Part of: list error: <br /> list (help)
2nd U-boat Flotilla
(19 August 1940–31 October 1940)
2nd U-boat Flotilla
(1 November 1940–28 November 1940)
Commanders: list error: <br /> list (help)
Kptlt. Harald Jürst
(19 August 1940–28 November 1940)

German submarine U-104 was a Type IXB U-boat of Nazi Germany's Kriegsmarine during World War II. She was ordered by the Kriegsmarine on 24 May 1938 as part of the German naval rearmament program Plan Z. Her keel was laid down by DeSchiMAG AG Weser in Bremen in November 1939. Following about six and a half months of construction, she was launched in May 1940 and formally commissioned into the Kriegsmarine in August 1940.

U-104 had a very short career, sinking just one enemy vessel and damaging one other during one war patrol. In the middle of her first patrol, U-104 was posted missing off the north coast of Ireland on 28 November 1940 and was presumed sunk in minefield SN 44, which was laid a few days prior to her arrival in the area.

Construction and design

Construction

Main article: German Type IX submarine

U-104 was ordered by the Kriegsmarine on 24 May 1938 (as part of Plan Z and in violation of the Treaty of Versailles). Her keel was laid down on 10 November 1939 by DeSchiMAG AG Weser in Bremen as yard number 967. U-104 was launched on 25 May 1940 and commissioned on 19 August of that year under the command of Kapitänleutnant Harald Jürst.[2]

Design

U-123–an identical U-boat to U-104–leaving Lorient on 8 June 1941

German Type IXA submarines were slightly larger than the original German Type IX submarines, later designated IXA. U-104 had a displacement of 1,051 tonnes (1,034 long tons) when at the surface and 1,178 tonnes (1,159 long tons) while submerged.[6] The U-boat had a total length of 76.50 m (251 ft 0 in), a pressure hull length of 58.75 m (192 ft 9 in), a beam of 6.76 m (22 ft 2 in), a height of 9.60 m (31 ft 6 in), and a draught of 4.70 m (15 ft 5 in). The submarine was powered by two MAN M 9 V 40/46 supercharged four-stroke, six-cylinder diesel engines producing a total of 4,400 metric horsepower (3,240 kW; 4,340 shp) for use while surfaced, two Siemens-Schuckert 2 GU 345/34 double-acting electric motors producing a total of 1,000 shaft horsepower (1,010 PS; 750 kW) for use while submerged. She had two shafts and two 1.92 m (6 ft) propellers. The boat was capable of operating at depths of up to 230 metres (750 ft).[7]

The submarine had a maximum surface speed of 18.2 knots (33.7 km/h; 20.9 mph) and a maximum submerged speed of 7.3 knots (13.5 km/h; 8.4 mph).[6] When submerged, it could operate for 64 nautical miles (119 km; 74 mi) at 4 knots (7.4 km/h; 4.6 mph); when surfaced, she could travel 12,000 nautical miles (22,000 km; 14,000 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). U-104 was fitted with six 53.3 cm (21 in) torpedo tubes (four fitted at the bow and two at the stern), 22 [torpedo]]es, one 10.5 cm (4.13 in) SK C/32 naval gun, 180 rounds, and a 3.7 cm (1.5 in) as well as a 2 cm (0.79 in) anti-aircraft gun. The boat had a complement of forty-eight.[6]

Service history

During her short career, U-104 sank one enemy vessel and damaged another on her first and only war patrol in the North Sea, off the northern coast of Ireland and Great Britain.[2] She went to sea on her first and only war patrol on 12 November 1940. For a period of 17 days, she roamed the North Sea and eventually the northern coast of Scotland and Ireland in search of any Allied convoys heading to Great Britain. During that time she attacked two enemy vessels, sinking one and damaging the other.[8] On 27 November 1940, U-104 torpedoed and sank the British merchant vessel Diplomat, a straggler of convoy HX 88, with the loss of 14 of her crew.[9] The other merchant vessel was the British motor tanker Charles F. Meyer, of convoy HX 87, which survived the attack. The next day, U-104 went missing just north of neutral Ireland. She is presumed to have been sunk by a mine from the SN 44 minefield, which was laid on 8 November 1940, just 20 days prior to U-104's disappearance.[8] All of her crew are presumed dead.[2]

Summary of raiding career

Date Ship Nationality Tonnage Fate
27 November 1940 Charles F. Meyer  United Kingdom 10,516 Damaged
27 November 1940 Diplomat  United Kingdom 8,240 Sunk

References

  1. ^ a b c d e "U-104 Type IXB". ubootwaffe.net. Retrieved 8 June 2010.[dead link‍]
  2. ^ a b c d e Helgason, Guðmundur. "The Type IXB boat U-104". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 8 June 2010.
  3. ^ Gröner 1985, pp. 105–7.
  4. ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Type IXB". U-Boat War in World War II - uboat.net. Retrieved 8 June 2010.
  5. ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "War Patrols by U-104". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 8 June 2010.
  6. ^ a b c Gröner 1985, p. 105.
  7. ^ Gröner 1985, pp. 105–106.
  8. ^ a b Helgason, Guðmundur. "Patrol info for U-104 (First patrol)". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 8 June 2010.
  9. ^ Helgason, Guðmundur. "Diplomat (Steam merchant)". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 8 June 2010.

Bibliography

  • Busch, Rainer; Röll, Hans-Joachim (1999). Deutsche U-Boot-Verluste von September 1939 bis Mai 1945 (in German). Vol. IV. Hamburg, Berlin, Bonn: Mittler. ISBN 3-8132-0514-2. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Gröner, Erich (1985). U-Boote, Hilfskreuzer, Minenschiffe, Netzleger, Sperrbrecher (in German). Vol. III. Koblenz: Bernard & Graefe. ISBN 3-7637-4802-4. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  • Helgason, Guðmundur. "The Type IXB boat U-104". German U-boats of WWII - uboat.net. Retrieved 8 June 2010.
  • Hofmann, Markus. "U 104". Deutsche U-Boote 1935-1945 - u-boot-archiv.de (in German). Retrieved 6 December 2014.

55°30′N 8°0′W / 55.500°N 8.000°W / 55.500; -8.000

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