Operation Vanity: Difference between revisions
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In retaliation for the downing of a civilian airliner of [[Air Rhodesia]], the Rhodesian Air Force (RhAF) planned a bombing raid against a ZIPRA training camp situated nearby the town of [[Luena, Moxico Province|Luso]] in Angola.<ref name="Moor">{{cite book | title=The Rhodesian War. A Military History. | publisher=Pen & Sword Military | author1=Moorcraft, Paul| author2=McLaughlin, Peter | year=2011 | location=Barnsley, South Yorkshire | isbn=9781848845220 }}</ref>{{rp|157}} There was said to be 3000 ZIPRA soldiers based there as well as Cuban and East German advisors.<ref name="Lord">{{cite book | title=From Fledging to Eagle. The South African Airforce during the Border War. | publisher=Helion & Company | author=Lord, Dick | year=2012 | location=Solihull, England | isbn=9781908916624}}</ref>{{rp|Ch5}} The Rhodesians were only able to provide four [[English Electric Canberra|Canberra bombers]] for the raid and required three additional aircraft which would be provided clandestinely by the South African Air Force (SAAF).<ref name="Lord"/>{{rp|Chp5}} Three SAAF Canberra bombers of [[12 Squadron SAAF|12 Squadron]], under the command of Major Hannes Bekker, were armed with Alpha bombs and took off around 18h15 from [[Air Force Base Waterkloof]], [[South Africa]] on 25 February 1979.<ref name="Lord"/>{{rp|Chp5}} From there they flew northwards to the Victoria Falls airfield in Rhodesia and landed after dark.<ref name="Lord"/>{{rp|Chp5}} There the navigators planned the raid for the following morning. The strike leader was Squadron Leader Chris Dixon, 5 Squadron Rhodesian Air Force, call-sign Green Leader.<ref name="Lord"/>{{rp|Chp5}} Three SAAF and three RhAF were armed with 5 Alpha bombs each while the last Rhodesian Canberra bomber was armed with six 1000lb bombs.<ref name="Lord"/>{{rp|Chp5}} |
In retaliation for the downing of a civilian airliner of [[Air Rhodesia]], the Rhodesian Air Force (RhAF) planned a bombing raid against a ZIPRA training camp situated nearby the town of [[Luena, Moxico Province|Luso]] in Angola.<ref name="Moor">{{cite book | title=The Rhodesian War. A Military History. | publisher=Pen & Sword Military | author1=Moorcraft, Paul| author2=McLaughlin, Peter | year=2011 | location=Barnsley, South Yorkshire | isbn=9781848845220 }}</ref>{{rp|157}} There was said to be 3000 ZIPRA soldiers based there as well as Cuban and East German advisors.<ref name="Lord">{{cite book | title=From Fledging to Eagle. The South African Airforce during the Border War. | publisher=Helion & Company | author=Lord, Dick | year=2012 | location=Solihull, England | isbn=9781908916624}}</ref>{{rp|Ch5}} The Rhodesians were only able to provide four [[English Electric Canberra|Canberra bombers]] for the raid and required three additional aircraft which would be provided clandestinely by the South African Air Force (SAAF).<ref name="Lord"/>{{rp|Chp5}} Three SAAF Canberra bombers of [[12 Squadron SAAF|12 Squadron]], under the command of Major Hannes Bekker, were armed with Alpha bombs and took off around 18h15 from [[Air Force Base Waterkloof]], [[South Africa]] on 25 February 1979.<ref name="Lord"/>{{rp|Chp5}} From there they flew northwards to the Victoria Falls airfield in Rhodesia and landed after dark.<ref name="Lord"/>{{rp|Chp5}} There the navigators planned the raid for the following morning. The strike leader was Squadron Leader Chris Dixon, 5 Squadron Rhodesian Air Force, call-sign Green Leader.<ref name="Lord"/>{{rp|Chp5}} Three SAAF and three RhAF were armed with 5 Alpha bombs each while the last Rhodesian Canberra bomber was armed with six 1000lb bombs.<ref name="Lord"/>{{rp|Chp5}} |
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All seven bombers took off on 26 February 1979 at 06h30 with the target 600 |
All seven bombers took off on 26 February 1979 at 06h30 with the target {{convert|600|nmi|km}} to the north-west.<ref name="Lord"/>{{rp|Chp5}} Additional aircraft were provided in the form of one [[Douglas C-47 Skytrain|Dakota]] command and control aircraft and two [[Hawker Hunter]] fighters.<ref name="Lord"/>{{rp|Chp5}} Initially command passed to Flight Lieutenant Ted Brent because of radio problems, but would return to Chris Dixon later in the flight.<ref name="Lord"/>{{rp|Chp5}} The flight headed over [[Zambia]] and then into Angola, dodging both countries' radars, towards the [[Benguela Railway]] west of Luso then turned east and followed it toward the town.<ref name="Lord"/>{{rp|Chp5}}<ref name="Moor"/>{{rp|157}} By this time they had formed into two formations of four and three bombers, line abreast, hitting a rainstorm which cleared up two minutes from the target.<ref name="Lord"/>{{rp|Chp5}} The bombers, now line-abreast dropped to a height of 300ft so that the Alpha bombs, a type of [[cluster bomb]], would cover an area 300 by 1000 meters.<ref name="Lord"/>{{rp|Chp5}} As they attacked, rows and rows of bungalows could be seen by the pilots with no anti-aircraft fire received, nor vehicles seen nor anyone on the parade ground, giving the pilots the impression of an empty camp.<ref name="Lord"/>{{rp|Chp5}} |
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==Aftermath== |
==Aftermath== |
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Revision as of 11:22, 19 October 2015
| Operation Vanity | |
|---|---|
| Part of the South African Border War and Rhodesian Bush War | |
| Location | Angola   Luso Operation Vanity (Angola) |
| Objective | Destroy ZIPRA camp nearby Luso, Angola. |
| Date | 25 - 26 February 1979 |
Operation Vanity was a Rhodesian military operation in Angola with clandestine assistance from the South African Defence Force (SADF) during the Rhodesian Bush War and South African Border War. The Rhodesian Air Force planned a retaliatory raid against a ZIPRA camp in Angola after a second Air Rhodesia Viscount was shot down on 12 February 1979.[1]: 157
Operation
In retaliation for the downing of a civilian airliner of Air Rhodesia, the Rhodesian Air Force (RhAF) planned a bombing raid against a ZIPRA training camp situated nearby the town of Luso in Angola.[1]: 157 There was said to be 3000 ZIPRA soldiers based there as well as Cuban and East German advisors.[2]: Ch5 The Rhodesians were only able to provide four Canberra bombers for the raid and required three additional aircraft which would be provided clandestinely by the South African Air Force (SAAF).[2]: Chp5 Three SAAF Canberra bombers of 12 Squadron, under the command of Major Hannes Bekker, were armed with Alpha bombs and took off around 18h15 from Air Force Base Waterkloof, South Africa on 25 February 1979.[2]: Chp5 From there they flew northwards to the Victoria Falls airfield in Rhodesia and landed after dark.[2]: Chp5 There the navigators planned the raid for the following morning. The strike leader was Squadron Leader Chris Dixon, 5 Squadron Rhodesian Air Force, call-sign Green Leader.[2]: Chp5 Three SAAF and three RhAF were armed with 5 Alpha bombs each while the last Rhodesian Canberra bomber was armed with six 1000lb bombs.[2]: Chp5
All seven bombers took off on 26 February 1979 at 06h30 with the target 600 nautical miles (1,100 km) to the north-west.[2]: Chp5 Additional aircraft were provided in the form of one Dakota command and control aircraft and two Hawker Hunter fighters.[2]: Chp5 Initially command passed to Flight Lieutenant Ted Brent because of radio problems, but would return to Chris Dixon later in the flight.[2]: Chp5 The flight headed over Zambia and then into Angola, dodging both countries' radars, towards the Benguela Railway west of Luso then turned east and followed it toward the town.[2]: Chp5 [1]: 157 By this time they had formed into two formations of four and three bombers, line abreast, hitting a rainstorm which cleared up two minutes from the target.[2]: Chp5 The bombers, now line-abreast dropped to a height of 300ft so that the Alpha bombs, a type of cluster bomb, would cover an area 300 by 1000 meters.[2]: Chp5 As they attacked, rows and rows of bungalows could be seen by the pilots with no anti-aircraft fire received, nor vehicles seen nor anyone on the parade ground, giving the pilots the impression of an empty camp.[2]: Chp5
Aftermath
Having attacked the target successfully, the bombers returned to Rhodesia, the SAAF bombers to Flyde near Hartley while the RhAF bombers flew back to Victoria Falls with one 1000lb bomb before refueling and joining the SAAF aircraft.[2]: Chp5 Photographic evidence captured by a SAAF bomber showed the camp was occupied and there were anti-aircraft guns.[2]: Chp5 It was said 160 ZIPRA soldiers died and another 530 wounded.[1]: 157
References
- ^ a b c d Moorcraft, Paul; McLaughlin, Peter (2011). The Rhodesian War. A Military History. Barnsley, South Yorkshire: Pen & Sword Military. ISBN 9781848845220.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Lord, Dick (2012). From Fledging to Eagle. The South African Airforce during the Border War. Solihull, England: Helion & Company. ISBN 9781908916624.
Further reading
- Lord, Dick (2012). From Fledging to Eagle. The South African Airforce during the Border War (Kindle ed.). Solihull, England: Helion & Company. ISBN 9781908916624.
- Moorcraft, Paul; McLaughlin, Peter (2011). The Rhodesian War. A Military History (3rd ed.). Barnsley, South Yorkshire: Pen & Sword Military. ISBN 9781848845220.