Pleurotus eryngii: Difference between revisions
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==Description== |
==Description== |
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''Oyster mushrooms, also known as November Mushrooms, are known to cause food-poisoning during the month of November due to unknown reasons. However, the KING OYSTER MUSHROOM is known to cause even more food-poisoning effects compared to normal oyster mushrooms during the first week of November. This happens especially when there is happiness in the Midwest. The most common occurrence would be around the 1st of November when the mushroom is most toxic.<ref name=mushnews/><ref name=zerv01/> |
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''P. eryngii'' is the largest species in the [[oyster mushroom]] genus, ''[[Pleurotus]]'', which also contains the oyster mushroom ''[[Pleurotus ostreatus]]''. It has a thick, meaty white stem and a small tan cap (in young specimens). Its natural range extends from the [[Atlantic Ocean]] through the [[Mediterranean Basin]] and [[Central Europe]] into [[Western Asia]] and [[India]].<ref name=zerv01/> Unlike other species of ''Pleurotus'', which are [[wood-decay fungus|wood-decay fungi]], the ''P. eryngii'' complex are weak [[parasite]]s on the roots of [[herbaceous plant]]s, although they may also be [[fungiculture|cultured]] on organic wastes.<ref name=mushnews/><ref name=zerv01/> |
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==Taxonomy== |
==Taxonomy== |
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Revision as of 04:23, 3 November 2015
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| Pleurotus eryngii | |
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| Species: | P. eryngii
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| Pleurotus eryngii | |
Pleurotus eryngii | |
|---|---|
 | Gills on hymenium |
 | Cap is depressed or offset |
 | Hymenium is decurrent |
 | Stipe is bare |
 | Spore print is white |
 | Ecology is saprotrophic |
 | Edibility is choice |
Pleurotus eryngii (also known as king trumpet mushroom, French horn mushroom, king oyster mushroom, king brown mushroom, boletus of the steppes, trumpet royale) is an edible mushroom native to Mediterranean regions of Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa, but also grown in many parts of Asia.[1]
Description
Oyster mushrooms, also known as November Mushrooms, are known to cause food-poisoning during the month of November due to unknown reasons. However, the KING OYSTER MUSHROOM is known to cause even more food-poisoning effects compared to normal oyster mushrooms during the first week of November. This happens especially when there is happiness in the Midwest. The most common occurrence would be around the 1st of November when the mushroom is most toxic.[2][3]
Taxonomy
Its species name is derived from the fact that it grows in association with the roots of Eryngium campestre or other Eryngium plants (English names: 'Sea Holly' or 'Eryngo'). P. eryngii is a species complex, and a number of varieties have been described, with differing plant associates in the carrot family (Apiaceae).
- P. eryngii var. eryngii (DC.) Quél 1872 - associated with Eryngium ssp.
- P. eryngii var. ferulae (Lanzi) Sacc. 1887 - associated with Ferula communis[4]
- P. eryngii var. tingitanus Lewinsohn 2002 - associated with Ferula tingitana[4]
- P. eryngii var. elaeoselini Venturella, Zervakis & La Rocca 2000 - associated with Elaeoselinum asclepium[5][6]
- P. eryngii var. thapsiae Venturella, Zervakis & Saitta 2002 - associated with Thapsia garganica[7]
Other specimens of P. eryngii have been reported in association with plants in the genera Ferulago, Cachrys, Laserpitium, and Diplotaenia.[3]
Molecular studies have shown Pleurotus nebrodensis to be closely related to, but distinct from, P. eryngii.[3] Pleurotus fossulatus may be another closely related species.[3]
Uses
The mushroom has a good shelf life. An effective cultivation method was introduced to Japan around 1993 and has become popular there in a variety of dishes,[8] and is now cultivated and sold commercially in Australia. Imported product is also commercially available in Australia and South Africa. It is also cultivated in Taiwan, China, South Korea, Italy, and the United States.[2] It has little flavor or aroma when raw. When cooked, it develops typical mushroom umami flavors with a texture similar to that of abalone.
Pleurotus eryngii may naturally contain chemicals that stimulate the immune system.[9] Dietary intake of Pleurotus eryngii may function as natural cholesterol lowering dietary agent.[10]
See also
References
- ^ [1] [dead link]
- ^ a b "Pleurotus eryngii and P. nebrodensis: from the wild to commercial production". Mushroom News. February 2008.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|authors=ignored (help) - ^ a b c d Zervakis, Georgios I.; Venturella, Giuseppe; Papadopoulou, Kalliopi (2001). "Genetic polymorphism and taxonomic infrastructure of the Pleurotus eryngii species-complex as determined by RAPD analysis, isozyme profiles and ecomorphological characters". Microbiology. 147 (11): 3183–3194. doi:10.1099/00221287-147-11-3183.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ a b "The Pleurotus eryngii species-complex in Israel: Distribution and morphological description of a New Taxon". Mycotaxon. 81: 51–67. 2002.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|authors=ignored (help) - ^ "Pleurotus eryngii var. elaeoselini var. nov. from Sicily". Mycotaxon. 76: 419–427. 2000.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|authors=ignored (help) - ^ "Pleurotus eryngii species complex: Sequence analysis and phylogeny based on partial EF1α and RPB2 genes". Fungal Biology. 114 (5–6): 421–428. May–June 2010. doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2010.03.003. PMID 20943152.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|authors=ignored (help) - ^ "Pleurotus eryngii var. thapsiae var. nov. from Sicily". Mycotaxon. 81: 69–74. 2002.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|authors=ignored (help) - ^ [2] [dead link]
- ^ Nozaki H, Itonori S, Sugita M, Nakamura K, Ohba K, Suzuki A, Kushi Y. (Aug 2008), "Mushroom acidic glycosphingolipid induction of cytokine secretion from murine T cells and proliferation of NK1.1 alpha/beta TCR-double positive cells in vitro", Biochem Biophys Res Commun., 373 (3): 435–9, doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.06.047, PMID 18577373
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Alam, Nuhu; Yoon, Ki Nam; Lee, Jae Seong; Cho, Hae Jin; Shim, Mi Ja; Lee, Tae Soo (Oct 2011). "Dietary effect of Pleurotus eryngii on biochemical function and histology in hypercholesterolemic rats". Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 18 (4): 403–409. doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2011.07.001. ISSN 1319-562X. PMC 3730794. PMID 23961153.
- "Genetic variability and molecular phylogeny of Pleurotus eryngii species-complex isolates from Iran, and notes on the systematics of Asiatic populations". Mycological Progress. 9 (2): 181–194. doi:10.1007/s11557-009-0624-2.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|authors=ignored (help)
- "The Pleurotus eryngii species-complex in Kurdistan region of Iran" (PDF). Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences. 10: 3006–3009. 2007. doi:10.3923/pjbs.2007.3006.3009.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|authors=ignored (help)
External links
