Terbinafine: Difference between revisions
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==Brand names== |
==Brand names== |
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Terbinafine is sold as '''Lamisil''' in Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Croatia, Egypt, Czech, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Mexico, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan ('''لیمسل'''), Peru, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Sweden, Thailand, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Venezuela; also it is sold under the name '''Corbinal''' and '''Terbisil''' in Turkey, and '''Undofen''' in Poland. As a generic oral medication, it is sold as '''Sebifin''', '''Tinasil''', '''Terbisil''', '''Terbicor''', and '''Tamsil''' in Australia, whilst the generic topical medication is sold there as '''SolvEasyTinea''' and '''Tamsil'''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pbs.gov.au/medicine/item/2285G-2804N-4011D|title=Terbinafine |work=Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme: A-Z list |publisher=Australian Government }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ebs.tga.gov.au/ebs/picmi/picmirepository.nsf/PICMI?OpenForm&t=&q=Terbinafine&r=https://www.ebs.tga.gov.au/ |title=PI and CMI Trade Names and Active Ingredients containing Terbinafine |work=Therapeutic Goods Administration |publisher=Australian Government |date= |accessdate= }}</ref> It is also available as a generic medication in the United States, the United Kingdom, Belgium, Switzerland, Brazil and Mexico. In India, terbinafine hydrochloride is available in topical form under the brand names '''Sebifin''' (Ranbaxy Labs), '''Zimig''' (GSK Pharma), ''' |
Terbinafine is sold as '''Lamisil''' in Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Croatia, Egypt, Czech, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Mexico, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan ('''لیمسل'''), Peru, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Sweden, Thailand, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Venezuela; also it is sold under the name '''Corbinal''' and '''Terbisil''' in Turkey, and '''Undofen''' in Poland. As a generic oral medication, it is sold as '''Sebifin''', '''Tinasil''', '''Terbisil''', '''Terbicor''', and '''Tamsil''' in Australia, whilst the generic topical medication is sold there as '''SolvEasyTinea''' and '''Tamsil'''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pbs.gov.au/medicine/item/2285G-2804N-4011D|title=Terbinafine |work=Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme: A-Z list |publisher=Australian Government }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ebs.tga.gov.au/ebs/picmi/picmirepository.nsf/PICMI?OpenForm&t=&q=Terbinafine&r=https://www.ebs.tga.gov.au/ |title=PI and CMI Trade Names and Active Ingredients containing Terbinafine |work=Therapeutic Goods Administration |publisher=Australian Government |date= |accessdate= }}</ref> It is also available as a generic medication in the United States, the United Kingdom, Belgium, Switzerland, Brazil and Mexico. In India, terbinafine hydrochloride is available in topical form under the brand names '''Sebifin''' (Ranbaxy Labs), '''Zimig''' (GSK Pharma), '''Binadis''' (Bionova), '''Tyza''' (Abbott Healthcare)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.drugsupdate.com/brand/showavailablebrands/508/3 |work=Brand index |title=Terbinafine brands in India | |publisher=DrugsUpdate India }}</ref> and '''mycoCeaze''' (Progreś Laboratories). '''MycoVa''', developed by [[Apricus Biosciences]], is a topical nail solution of terbinafine and [[DDAIP]], which has completed three phase-III studies for the treatment of [[onychomycosis]]. Other names include '''Terbinaforce''' ([[Mankind Pharma]]) and '''Tafine''' (Deurali Janta Pharmaceuticals Pvt Ltd.) '''Turbo''' (Apex Pharmaceuticals Pvt Ltd) in Nepal. The topical form is sold as''' LamisilAT''' in the United States. |
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==References== |
==References== |
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Revision as of 20:39, 8 November 2015
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| Clinical data | |
|---|---|
| Trade names | Lamisil |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
| MedlinePlus | a699061 |
| Pregnancy category |
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| Routes of administration | Oral, topical |
| ATC code | |
| Legal status | |
| Legal status |
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| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | Readily absorbed: 70–90% |
| Protein binding | >99% |
| Metabolism | Hepatic |
| Elimination half-life | Highly variable |
| Identifiers | |
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| CAS Number |
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| PubChem CID | |
| DrugBank | |
| ChemSpider | |
| UNII | |
| KEGG | |
| ChEBI | |
| ChEMBL | |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.119.605 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C21H25N |
| Molar mass | 291.43 g/mol g·mol−1 |
| 3D model (JSmol) | |
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  (what is this?) (verify) | |
Terbinafine hydrochloride, also known under the trade name Lamisil,[1] is a synthetic allylamine antifungal developed by Novartis. It is highly hydrophobic in nature and tends to accumulate in skin, nails, and fatty tissues.
Pharmacology
Terbinafine hydrochloride is a white fine crystalline powder that is freely soluble in methanol and dichloromethane, soluble in ethanol, and slightly soluble in water.
Like other allylamines, terbinafine inhibits ergosterol synthesis by inhibiting squalene epoxidase, an enzyme that is part of the fungal cell membrane synthesis pathway. Because terbinafine prevents conversion of squalene to lanosterol, ergosterol cannot be synthesized. This is thought to change cell membrane permeability, causing fungal cell lysis.
Indications
Terbinafine is mainly effective on the dermatophyte group of fungi.
As a 1% cream or powder, it is used topically for superficial skin infections such as jock itch (tinea cruris), athlete's foot (tinea pedis), and other types of ringworm (tinea corporis). Terbinafine cream works in about half the time required by other antifungals.[2]
Oral 250-mg tablets are often prescribed for the treatment of onychomycosis, a fungal nail infection, typically by a dermatophyte or Candida species. Fungal nail infections are located deep under the nail in the cuticle to which topically applied treatments are unable to penetrate in sufficient amounts. The tablets may, rarely, cause hepatotoxicity, so patients are warned of this and may be monitored with liver function tests. Alternatives to oral administration have been studied. In 2009, results from a clinical study of a new formulation (terbinafine in transfersomes, referred to as TDT-067) for topical treatment of onychomycosis were reported by Celtic Pharma.[3]
Terbinafine hydrochloride may induce or exacerbate subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Persons with lupus erythematosus should first discuss possible risks with their doctor before initiation of therapy.[4]
FDA approval
Terbinafine first became available in Europe in 1991 and in the United States in 1996. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved the first generic versions of prescription Lamisil (terbinafine hydrochloride) tablets. The remaining patent or exclusivity for Lamisil expired on June 30, 2007.
On September 28, 2007, the FDA stated that Lamisil (terbinafine hydrochloride, by Novartis AG) is a new treatment approved for use by children age four and up. The antifungal granules can be sprinkled on a child's food to treat ringworm of the scalp, tinea capitis.[5]
Side effects
Many side effects and adverse drug reactions have been reported with oral terbinafine hydrochloride[6][7][8] possibly due to its extensive biodistribution and the often extended durations involved in antifungal treatment (longer than two months). A comprehensive list of adverse events associated with terbinafine use includes:
- Gastrointestinal problems: Diarrhea, constipation, nausea, sickness, fullness, abdominal pain, indigestion, dyspepsia, gastritis, cholestasis, flatulence, altered stool colour, abdominal muscular pain
- Central nervous system or neurological problems: Headaches, dizziness, vertigo, light-headedness, decreased concentration levels, paraesthesia (pins and needles)
- Hepatic problems: Raised liver enzyme levels, liver inflammation (hepatitis), liver damage, liver failure (leading to transplant — or death)
- Immune system problems: Decreased white blood cell counts including pancytopenia, leukopenia, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, and neutropenia, autoimmune reactions such as lupus erythematosus
- Psychological problems: Depression, anxiety, insomnia, increased or unusual dream activity, malaise
- Sensory problems: Complete loss of taste (ageusia) (sometimes permanent after the treatment), decreased taste (hypogeusia) and distorted taste (dysgeusia) (sometimes permanent after the treatment) often involving a metallic taste sensation and dry mouth, visual disturbances including blurred vision, green vision and double vision
- Skin problems: Rashes, hives (urticaria), skin irritation, itching (pruritis), jaundice, Stevens–Johnson syndrome
- Other side effects: Fatigue, increased heart rate (tachycardia), hair loss (alopecia), decreased red blood cell count (anemia), muscle pain (myalgia), joint pain (arthralgia)
Brand names
Terbinafine is sold as Lamisil in Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Croatia, Egypt, Czech, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Mexico, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan (لیمسل), Peru, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Sweden, Thailand, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Venezuela; also it is sold under the name Corbinal and Terbisil in Turkey, and Undofen in Poland. As a generic oral medication, it is sold as Sebifin, Tinasil, Terbisil, Terbicor, and Tamsil in Australia, whilst the generic topical medication is sold there as SolvEasyTinea and Tamsil.[9][10] It is also available as a generic medication in the United States, the United Kingdom, Belgium, Switzerland, Brazil and Mexico. In India, terbinafine hydrochloride is available in topical form under the brand names Sebifin (Ranbaxy Labs), Zimig (GSK Pharma), Binadis (Bionova), Tyza (Abbott Healthcare)[11] and mycoCeaze (Progreś Laboratories). MycoVa, developed by Apricus Biosciences, is a topical nail solution of terbinafine and DDAIP, which has completed three phase-III studies for the treatment of onychomycosis. Other names include Terbinaforce (Mankind Pharma) and Tafine (Deurali Janta Pharmaceuticals Pvt Ltd.) Turbo (Apex Pharmaceuticals Pvt Ltd) in Nepal. The topical form is sold as LamisilAT in the United States.
References
- ^ Terbinafine - brand name list from Drugs.com
- ^ Markova, Tsveti (January 2002). "What is the most effective treatment for tinea pedis (athlete's foot)?". The Journal of Family Practice. 51 (1). Frontline Medical Communications: 15–22. Retrieved 2013-11-09.
- ^ "Clinical Trials Update". Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News. 29 (8): 58. 2009.
- ^ Callen JP, Hughes AP, Kulp-Shorten C (September 2001). "Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus induced or exacerbated by terbinafine: a report of 5 cases". Arch Dermatol. 137 (9): 1196–8. doi:10.1001/archderm.137.9.1196. PMID 11559217.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "US FDA approves oral granules for scalp ringworm". Reuters. 2007-09-28.
- ^ "Lamisil (terbinafine): Side Effects". Doublecheckmd.com. 2010-06-16. Retrieved 2013-11-09.
- ^ McGuire, Stephen (2008-02-05). "Australian regulators issue warning on Novartis' Lamisil". Medical Marketing and Media. Mmm-online.com. Retrieved 2013-11-09.
- ^ "Terbinafine-1 (Terbinafine Hydrochloride,Lamisil)". Drug Dosage and Side Effects. Healthline.com. 2009-02-27. Retrieved 2013-11-09.
- ^ "Terbinafine". Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme: A-Z list. Australian Government.
- ^ "PI and CMI Trade Names and Active Ingredients containing Terbinafine". Therapeutic Goods Administration. Australian Government.
- ^ "Terbinafine brands in India". Brand index. DrugsUpdate India.
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