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{{For|the Austrian municipality|Droß}} |
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droos es un hijo de puta come mierda me chupa el pene todos los dias |
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[[File:Aluminium dross2.png|Aluminium dross|right|thumb]] |
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'''Dross''' is a [[mass]] of [[solid]] [[impurity|impurities]] floating on a [[molten metal]] or dispersed in the metal, such as in wrought iron. It forms on the surface of low-[[melting-point]] metals such as [[tin]], [[lead]], [[zinc]] or [[aluminium]] or [[alloy]]s by [[oxidation]] of the metal(s). |
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digan que se corte el pelo |
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With [[wrought iron]], hammering and later [[Rolling (metalworking)|rolling]] removed some dross.<ref>{{cite book |
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|title=The Unbound Prometheus: Technological Change and Industrial Development in Western Europe from 1750 to the Present |
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|last=Landes |
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|first=David S. |
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|authorlink=David Landes |
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|coauthors= |
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|year=1969|publisher=Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge |
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|location=Cambridge, New York |
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|isbn= 0-521-09418-6|pages=91 |
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|postscript= <!--None--> }}</ref> |
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With tin and lead the dross can be removed by adding [[sodium hydroxide]] pellets, which dissolve the oxides and form a [[slag]]. If floating, dross can also be skimmed off. |
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Dross, as a solid, is distinguished from slag, which is a liquid. Dross product is not entirely waste material; for example, [[aluminium dross recycling|aluminium dross can be recycled]] and is used in secondary [[steelmaking]] for slag [[deoxidizer|deoxidation]].<ref>{{Citation | last = Kogel | first = Jessica Elzea | last2 = Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration | title = Industrial minerals & rocks: commodities, markets, and uses | page = 1406 | publisher = SME | year = 2006 | edition = 7th | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=zNicdkuulE4C&pg=PA1406 | isbn = 978-0-87335-233-8 | postscript =.}}</ref> |
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==Etymology and usage== |
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The term ''dross'' derives from the [[Old English]] word ''dros'', meaning the scum produced when smelting metals. By the 15th century it had come to refer to rubbish in general.<ref name="dr">{{cite web|title=Dross|url=http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=dross|work=www.etymologyonline.com}}</ref> ''Dregs'',<ref name="dr"/> and the geological term [[Druse (geology)|''druse'']] are also thought to be etymologically related.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=kf8n2v9ZjxIC|title=Chambers's Etymological Dictionary of the English Language|year=1875|publisher=W & R Chambers|pages=142}}</ref> Metallurgical dross is referenced as a metaphor for worthless material in the Bible and in other religious texts.{{refn|In the [[Book of Ezekiel]] 22 v 18 : ''"Son of man, the house of Israel is to me become dross: all they are brass, and tin, and iron, and lead, in the midst of the furnace; they are even the dross of silver."'',<ref>{{cite book|chapterurl=http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Psalms%20119:119;Ezekiel%2022:18,19&version=KJV|title =The Bible (King James version)|chapter=Ezekiel 22:18|work=www.biblegateway.com}}</ref> in the [[Book of Proverbs]],<ref>{{cite book| chapterurl=http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Proverbs%2025:4;26:23&version=KJV |chapter = Proverbs 25:4| title=The Bible (King James version)| work=www.biblegateway.com}}</ref> and in the [[Book of Mormon]] ([[Book of Alma|Alma]] 32:3 ) ''"Therefore they were poor; yea, they were esteemed by their brethren as dross."''.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://scriptures.lds.org/en/alma/32/3|title =The Book of Mormon|chapter=Alma 32:3|work=http://lds.org/scriptures/}}</ref>|group=note}} {{refn|In the Buddhist text, the [[Dhammapada]]: ''239. One by one, little by little, moment by moment, a wise man should remove his own impurities, as a smith removes his dross from silver.''<ref>{{cite web |
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|last=Buddharakkhita |
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|first=Acarya|title=The Dhammapada, section XVIII |
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|url=http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/kn/dhp/index.html |
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|publisher=Access To Insight |
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|accessdate=11 September 2013}}</ref>|group=note}} |
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==See also== |
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*[[Aluminium alloy inclusions]] |
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*[[Slag]] |
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==Notes== |
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{{reflist|group=note}} |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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==External links== |
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{{Wiktionary}} |
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*[http://www.azom.com/details.asp?ArticleID=2150 AZoM.com – Aluminium Dross Recycling] |
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* Herbert F. Lund. [http://books.google.com/books?id=gIn8o0b6zj0C&pg=PT975&dq=aluminium+dross++recycling&ei=fR_zSu6MDYSOygTCxPSmDw&client=firefox-a#v=onepage&q=&f=false The McGraw-Hill recycling handbook]. Chapter 37.23: [[United Kingdom]]: [[European Union]] Directive Precipitates [[Aluminum]] "Dross" [[Recycling]]. |
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* [http://www.smartwaste.co.uk/filelibrary/Cement_aluminium_dross.pdf Residues from aluminium dross recycling in cement] |
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* [http://www.pyrogenesis.com/pdfs/pyro_drosite.pdf DrosRite Aluminum Recycling Process] |
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{{Metalworking navbox|castopen}} |
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[[Category:Casting (manufacturing)]] |
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[[Category:Metallurgy]] |
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[[Category:Deoxidizers]] |
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Revision as of 16:09, 13 November 2015
Dross is a mass of solid impurities floating on a molten metal or dispersed in the metal, such as in wrought iron. It forms on the surface of low-melting-point metals such as tin, lead, zinc or aluminium or alloys by oxidation of the metal(s).
With wrought iron, hammering and later rolling removed some dross.[1] With tin and lead the dross can be removed by adding sodium hydroxide pellets, which dissolve the oxides and form a slag. If floating, dross can also be skimmed off.
Dross, as a solid, is distinguished from slag, which is a liquid. Dross product is not entirely waste material; for example, aluminium dross can be recycled and is used in secondary steelmaking for slag deoxidation.[2]
Etymology and usage
The term dross derives from the Old English word dros, meaning the scum produced when smelting metals. By the 15th century it had come to refer to rubbish in general.[3] Dregs,[3] and the geological term druse are also thought to be etymologically related.[4] Metallurgical dross is referenced as a metaphor for worthless material in the Bible and in other religious texts.[note 1] [note 2]
See also
Notes
- ^ In the Book of Ezekiel 22 v 18 : "Son of man, the house of Israel is to me become dross: all they are brass, and tin, and iron, and lead, in the midst of the furnace; they are even the dross of silver.",[5] in the Book of Proverbs,[6] and in the Book of Mormon (Alma 32:3 ) "Therefore they were poor; yea, they were esteemed by their brethren as dross.".[7]
- ^ In the Buddhist text, the Dhammapada: 239. One by one, little by little, moment by moment, a wise man should remove his own impurities, as a smith removes his dross from silver.[8]
References
- ^ Landes, David S. (1969). The Unbound Prometheus: Technological Change and Industrial Development in Western Europe from 1750 to the Present. Cambridge, New York: Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge. p. 91. ISBN 0-521-09418-6.
{{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ Kogel, Jessica Elzea; Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration (2006), Industrial minerals & rocks: commodities, markets, and uses (7th ed.), SME, p. 1406, ISBN 978-0-87335-233-8.
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b "Dross". www.etymologyonline.com.
- ^ Chambers's Etymological Dictionary of the English Language. W & R Chambers. 1875. p. 142.
- ^ "Ezekiel 22:18". The Bible (King James version).
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help); External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - ^ "Proverbs 25:4". The Bible (King James version).
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help); External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - ^ "Alma 32:3". The Book of Mormon.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help); External link in|work= - ^ Buddharakkhita, Acarya. "The Dhammapada, section XVIII". Access To Insight. Retrieved 11 September 2013.
External links
Look up dross in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
- AZoM.com – Aluminium Dross Recycling
- Herbert F. Lund. The McGraw-Hill recycling handbook. Chapter 37.23: United Kingdom: European Union Directive Precipitates Aluminum "Dross" Recycling.
- Residues from aluminium dross recycling in cement
- DrosRite Aluminum Recycling Process