Pediatric gynaecology: Difference between revisions
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==Examination== |
==Examination== |
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Assessment of the external genitalia and [[breast development]] are often part of routine physical examinations. Physicians also can advise pediatric gynecology patients on anatomy and sexuality. Common pediatric gynecologic complaints include [[vaginal discharge]], pre-[[menarche]] bleeding, [[Itch|itching]], and accounts of [[Child sexual abuse|sexual abuse]]. Assessment can include an examination of the vulva, and rarely involve the introduction of instruments into the vagina. Many young patients prefer to have a parent, usually a mother, in the examination room. Two main positions for examination can be used, depending on the patient's preference and the specific examination being performed, including the frog-leg position (with the head of the examination table raised or lowered), the lithotomy position with stirrups, or either of these with a parent holding the child. A hand mirror can be provided to allow the child to participate and to educate the child about their anatomy. Anesthesia or sedation should only be used when the examination is being performed in an emergency situation; otherwise it is recommended that the clinician see a reluctant child with a gynecologic complaint over several visits to foster trust.<ref>{{Cite book|title = Emans, Laufer, Goldstein's Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=pdNh7ieMJzQC|publisher = Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|date = 2012-01-05|isbn = 9781451154061|language = en|first = S. Jean|last = Emans|first2 = Marc R.|last2 = Laufer}}</ref> |
Assessment of the external genitalia and [[breast development]] are often part of routine physical examinations. Physicians also can advise pediatric gynecology patients on anatomy and sexuality. Common pediatric gynecologic complaints include [[vaginal discharge]], pre-[[menarche]] bleeding, [[Itch|itching]], and accounts of [[Child sexual abuse|sexual abuse]]. Assessment can include an examination of the vulva, and rarely involve the introduction of instruments into the vagina. Many young patients prefer to have a parent, usually a mother, in the examination room. Two main positions for examination can be used, depending on the patient's preference and the specific examination being performed, including the frog-leg position (with the head of the examination table raised or lowered), the lithotomy position with stirrups, or either of these with a parent holding the child. A hand mirror can be provided to allow the child to participate and to educate the child about their anatomy. Anesthesia or sedation should only be used when the examination is being performed in an emergency situation; otherwise it is recommended that the clinician see a reluctant child with a gynecologic complaint over several visits to foster trust.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title = Emans, Laufer, Goldstein's Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=pdNh7ieMJzQC|publisher = Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|date = 2012-01-05|isbn = 9781451154061|language = en|first = S. Jean|last = Emans|first2 = Marc R.|last2 = Laufer}}</ref> |
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== Diseases and conditions == |
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There are a number of common pediatric gynecologic conditions and complaints, both pathological and benign. |
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=== Hernias === |
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{{Main|Hernia}} |
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=== Intersex conditions === |
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{{Main|Intersex}} |
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A pediatric gynecologist can care for children with a number of [[intersex]] conditions, including [[Swyer syndrome]] (46,XY [[karyotype]]).<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title = Emans, Laufer, Goldstein's Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=pdNh7ieMJzQC|publisher = Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|date = 2012-01-05|isbn = 9781451154061|language = en|first = S. Jean|last = Emans|first2 = Marc R.|last2 = Laufer}}</ref> |
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== Complaints == |
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A mass in the inguinal area may be a [[hernia]] or may be a testis in an intersex child.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title = Emans, Laufer, Goldstein's Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=pdNh7ieMJzQC|publisher = Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|date = 2012-01-05|isbn = 9781451154061|language = en|first = S. Jean|last = Emans|first2 = Marc R.|last2 = Laufer}}</ref> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist|30em}} |
{{Reflist|30em}} |
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Revision as of 22:47, 13 November 2015
| System | Female reproductive system |
|---|---|
| Significant diseases | Gynaecological cancers, Menstrual bleeding |
| Specialist | Pediatric gynaecologist |
Pediatric gynaecology or pediatric gynecology[1] is the medical practice dealing with the health of the vagina, vulva, uterus, and ovaries of infants, children, and adolescents. Its counterpart is pediatric andrology, which deals with medical issues specific to the penis and testes.
Etymology
The word "gynaecology" comes from the Greek γυνή gyne. "woman" and -logia, "study."
History
Examination
Assessment of the external genitalia and breast development are often part of routine physical examinations. Physicians also can advise pediatric gynecology patients on anatomy and sexuality. Common pediatric gynecologic complaints include vaginal discharge, pre-menarche bleeding, itching, and accounts of sexual abuse. Assessment can include an examination of the vulva, and rarely involve the introduction of instruments into the vagina. Many young patients prefer to have a parent, usually a mother, in the examination room. Two main positions for examination can be used, depending on the patient's preference and the specific examination being performed, including the frog-leg position (with the head of the examination table raised or lowered), the lithotomy position with stirrups, or either of these with a parent holding the child. A hand mirror can be provided to allow the child to participate and to educate the child about their anatomy. Anesthesia or sedation should only be used when the examination is being performed in an emergency situation; otherwise it is recommended that the clinician see a reluctant child with a gynecologic complaint over several visits to foster trust.[2]
Diseases and conditions
There are a number of common pediatric gynecologic conditions and complaints, both pathological and benign.
Hernias
Intersex conditions
A pediatric gynecologist can care for children with a number of intersex conditions, including Swyer syndrome (46,XY karyotype).[2]
Complaints
A mass in the inguinal area may be a hernia or may be a testis in an intersex child.[2]
References
- ^ See American and British English spelling differences. Gynecology is the American spelling, but it is also common in international contexts, e.g. International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics and International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
- ^ a b c Emans, S. Jean; Laufer, Marc R. (2012-01-05). Emans, Laufer, Goldstein's Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 9781451154061.
External links
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| Identity and diversity | |
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| Religion and sexuality | |
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