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History of Jalandhar District comprises three periods - ancient, medieval and modern. According to the history of Jalandhar District, in ancient time, the district comprised the whole of the Upper Doabas from [[Ravi River]] to [[Sutlej]] River. The city<ref>http://jalandhar.nic.in/origin.aspx</ref> is named after Jalandhar, a demon king, who finds a mention in the [[Puranas]] and [[Mahabharta]]. According to another legend, Jalandhar was the capital of the kingdom of lav, son of [[Rama]]. According to yet another version Jalandhar is said to have derived its name from the vernacular term `Jalandhar? means area inside the water, i.e. tract laying between the two rivers Satluj and Beas, still another name of Jalandhar had been Trigartta, as it was waters by three rivers, [[Satluj]], [[Beas]] and Ravi. The whole of Punjab and the area of present Jalandhar District was part of the Indus Valley Civilization. [[Harappa]] and [[Mohenjo-daro]] are the sites where remains of the [[Indus Valley Civilization]] have been found extensively. The archaeological explorations made during the recent years have pushed the ancient times of Jalandhar District of Harappa period.
History of Jalandhar District comprises three periods - ancient, medieval and modern. According to the history of Jalandhar District, in ancient time, the district comprised the whole of the Upper Doabas from [[Ravi River]] to [[Sutlej]] River. The city<ref>http://jalandhar.nic.in/origin.aspx</ref> is named after Jalandhar, a demon king, who finds a mention in the [[Puranas]] and [[Mahabharta]]. According to another legend, Jalandhar was the capital of the kingdom of lav, son of [[Rama]]. According to yet another version Jalandhar is said to have derived its name from the vernacular term `Jalandhar? means area inside the water, i.e. tract laying between the two rivers Satluj and Beas, still another name of Jalandhar had been Trigartta, as it was waters by three rivers, [[Satluj]], [[Beas]] and Ravi. The whole of Punjab and the area of present Jalandhar District was part of the Indus Valley Civilization. [[Harappa]] and [[Mohenjo-daro]] are the sites where remains of the [[Indus Valley Civilization]] have been found extensively. The archaeological explorations made during the recent years have pushed the ancient times of Jalandhar District of Harappa period.


Modern history of Jalandhar District also states that [[Khilafat Movement]] was started in the district in early 1920 to bring pressure upon British rulers to change their policy towards Turkey. [[Mahatma Gandhi]] extended sympathy and support to this movement. Jalandhar District was declared 'Proclaimed Area' under the Seditious meetings Act. After the independence of the country, however the district was affected by communal riots and exodus of minority communities from both sides of the border, consequent upon the partition of the country. Maggiority Sikh population lives here. Punjabi language used as fisrt language. Home to best field hockey players for Indian hocky tesm in past.
Modern history of Jalandhar District also states that [[Khilafat Movement]] was started in the district in early 1920 to bring pressure upon British rulers to change their policy towards Turkey. [[Mahatma Gandhi]] extended sympathy and support to this movement. Jalandhar District was declared 'Proclaimed Area' under the Seditious meetings Act. After the independence of the country, however the district was affected by communal riots and exodus of minority communities from both sides of the border, consequent upon the partition of the country.

Sher-E-Punjab "Maharaja Ranjit Singh" brought freedom to Punjab including Jalandhar. Jalandhar is one of the best cities in India.


==Geography==
==Geography==

Revision as of 00:55, 23 November 2015

This article is about the municipality in Punjab, India. For its namesake district, see Jalandhar district.
Jalandhar
ਜਲੰਧਰ
जलंधर
جالندھر
Jullundur
Metropolitan City
Pushpa Gujral Science City, Kapurthala Road-Jalandhar[1]
Pushpa Gujral Science City, Kapurthala Road-Jalandhar[1]
Nickname: 
JUC
CountryIndia
StatePunjab
DistrictJalandhar
Government
 • CommissionerSh. Manpreet Singh Chattwal[2]
 • MayorSh. Sunil Jyoti[3]
Area
 • Total
3,401 km2 (1,313 sq mi)
Elevation
228 m (748 ft)
Population
 (2011)
 • Total
862,196
 • Density250/km2 (660/sq mi)
Languages
 • OfficialPunjabi
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
PIN
144 001
Telephone code+91-181-XXX XXXX
Vehicle registrationPB 08

Jalandhar (Punjabi Gurmukhi: ਜਲੰਧਰ, Shahmukhi: جالندھر), formerly Jullundur, is a city in the northwestern India state of Punjab.

The oldest city in Punjab, and also one of the oldest in the country, Jalandhar has seen rapid urbanization and developed into a highly industrialised centre of commercial activity in the recent years. Jalandhar was the capital of Punjab from India's independence (1947) until Chandigarh was built in 1953. Situated on the Grand Trunk Road, it is a major rail and road junction, and is 144 km northwest of the state capital, Chandigarh. The city was known as Jullundur in British India.

History

History of Jalandhar District comprises three periods - ancient, medieval and modern. According to the history of Jalandhar District, in ancient time, the district comprised the whole of the Upper Doabas from Ravi River to Sutlej River. The city[4] is named after Jalandhar, a demon king, who finds a mention in the Puranas and Mahabharta. According to another legend, Jalandhar was the capital of the kingdom of lav, son of Rama. According to yet another version Jalandhar is said to have derived its name from the vernacular term `Jalandhar? means area inside the water, i.e. tract laying between the two rivers Satluj and Beas, still another name of Jalandhar had been Trigartta, as it was waters by three rivers, Satluj, Beas and Ravi. The whole of Punjab and the area of present Jalandhar District was part of the Indus Valley Civilization. Harappa and Mohenjo-daro are the sites where remains of the Indus Valley Civilization have been found extensively. The archaeological explorations made during the recent years have pushed the ancient times of Jalandhar District of Harappa period.

Modern history of Jalandhar District also states that Khilafat Movement was started in the district in early 1920 to bring pressure upon British rulers to change their policy towards Turkey. Mahatma Gandhi extended sympathy and support to this movement. Jalandhar District was declared 'Proclaimed Area' under the Seditious meetings Act. After the independence of the country, however the district was affected by communal riots and exodus of minority communities from both sides of the border, consequent upon the partition of the country.

Geography

The city has a humid subtropical climate with cool winters and hot summers. Summers last from April to June and winters from November to February. Temperatures in the summer vary from average highs of around 48 °C (118 °F) to average lows of around 25 °C (77 °F). Winter temperatures vary from highs of 19 °C (66 °F) to lows of −7 °C (19 °F). The climate is dry on the whole, except during the brief southwest monsoon season during July and August. The average annual rainfall is about 70 cm.

Climate data for Jalandhar
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 19.4
(66.9) 		21.6
(70.9) 		26.0
(78.8) 		34.5
(94.1) 		39.4
(102.9) 		43.6
(110.5) 		34.1
(93.4) 		33.1
(91.6) 		32.6
(90.7) 		31.5
(88.7) 		27.2
(81.0) 		22.3
(72.1) 		30.4
(86.8)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 6.2
(43.2) 		8.6
(47.5) 		13.2
(55.8) 		19.0
(66.2) 		23.8
(74.8) 		25.6
(78.1) 		24.7
(76.5) 		25.8
(78.4) 		21.8
(71.2) 		18.3
(64.9) 		12.1
(53.8) 		7.2
(45.0) 		17.2
(63.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 10.7
(0.42) 		16.7
(0.66) 		32.8
(1.29) 		15.2
(0.60) 		20.4
(0.80) 		69.7
(2.74) 		155.2
(6.11) 		183.6
(7.23) 		60.0
(2.36) 		1.5
(0.06) 		6
(0.2) 		15
(0.6) 		586.8
(23.07)
Source: [5]

Demographics

See also: List of cities in Punjab and Chandigarh

As per provisional data of 2011 census Jalandhar had a population of 873,725, of which 463,975 were male and 409,750 female. The literacy rate was 85.46 per cent.[6]

Religion in Jalandhar[7]
Religion Percent
Hinduism
 
 74.90%
Sikhism
 
 21.39%
Islam
 
 1.47%
Christianity
 
 1.02%
Others
 
 1.22%

Economy

Upmarket localities include Civil lines, Mota Singh Nagar, Model Town, Jawahar Nagar, Gupta Colony, Guru Teg Bahadur Nagar, Urban Estate Phase I & II, New Jawahar Nagar, Defence Colony, Adarsh nagar, J.P. Nagar, etc.

Jalandhar provides goods like glass and furniture to neighbouring cities and is also a hub of sports goods manufacture for international market.

Transport

By air

The nearest airport is Pathankot Airport at Pathankot, about 90 km and Sri Guru Ram Dass Jee International Airport at Amritsar, about 75 km (47 mi) northwest of Jalandhar. it is connected to other parts of the country by regular flights. Several airlines operate flights from abroad, including Birmingham, Dubai and Doha. The airport handles as many as 48 flights every week up from the occasional, intermittent ones some years ago.

By rail

File:Bus Stand of city12.jpg
Shaheed-E-Aazam Sardar Bhagat Singh, Interstate Bus Stand, Jalandhar

Jalandhar City railway station is well connected to other parts of country through rail network. Jalandhar city is a major station of Amritsar- Delhi rail link. Jalandhar is very well connected to capital Delhi by daily trains like Shatabdi Express, Intercity Express and other mail/superfast express. Direct train service is also available for other major cities like Mumbai, Calcutta, Chennai, Patna, Guwahati, Pune, Haridwar, Varanasi, Jaipur and Jammu Tawi. Some prestigious trains which have halt in Jalandhar City railway station are Howrah Mail, Golden Temple Mail (Frontier Mail), New-Delhi Amritsar Shatabdi Express, Paschim Express.

By road

There is a large network of bus services of Punjab, Himachal, Delhi, Haryana, Pepsu, Chandigarh, U.P., Jammu & Kashmir, Rajasthan State Roadways, apart from private operators.jalandhar has many good road services

Commerce

Shopping

Viva Collage Mall

Shopping malls in Jalandhar include:

  • Viva Collage Mall
  • MBD Neopollis
  • The Galleria
  • Curo High Street
  • Sarb Multiplex
  • Splendor Shagun
  • PPR Mall
  • Naaz Shopping Center
  • The Metropolitan
  • City Square
  • Vasal Tower
  • LPU Shoping Mall
  • Lovely Mart
  • Lovely Bakers
  • One Stop Shope
  • Jyoti Mall
  • Chunmun Mall
  • The Parikrama
  • The City Square
  • The Kla Niketan

Religious places

Baba Peer in Jalandhar
  • Gurduwara Thra Sahib (Hazara Village)
  • Gurudwara Singh Sabha (Jalandhar Cantt)
  • Mayaan da Gurudwara (Jalandhar Cantt)
  • Gurudwara Kakipind Rama mandi
  • Devi Talab Mandir
  • Imam Nasir Mausoleum and Jamma Masjid
  • Shiv Mandir
  • Tulsi Mandir
  • Gurdwara Chhevin Pathshahi
  • Gurudwara Singh Sabha-Model Town
  • Gurudwara Talhan Sahib
  • St Mary's Cathedral Church ( Jalandhar Cantt. )
  • Gurudwara Nauwi Patshahi
  • Church of North India (CNI) Mission Compound
  • Gurdwara Panj Tirth Sahib (Jandu Singha)
  • Gurudwara Baba Shaheed Nihal Singh Ji Talhan

Leisure

Interior of Viva Collage Mall, Jalandhar
View Of WonderLand's Water Park In the Evening
Science City
View of Nikku Park
  • Pushpa Gujral Science City
  • Fun City
  • Shaheed-E-Azam Sardar Bhagat Museum Khatkar Kalan
  • Company Bagh
  • Niku Park, Model Town
  • Wonder Land[8]
  • Adarsh Nagar Park

Media

Punjab Kesari header with the photos of its founders, Lala Jagat Narain and Romesh Chander.
Jag Bani

Doordarshan Kendra, Jalandhar is an Indian television station in Jalandhar, owned and operated by state-owned Doordarshan, the television network of Prasar Bharati (Broadcasting Corporation of India).[9] It was established in 1979, and now produces and broadcasts the 24-hour Punjabi language TV channel, DD Punjabi, which was launched in 1998 and covers most of the state of Punjab, India.

The city serves as the region's headquarters for newspapers, national television and radio stations. These include Daily Ajit, Jagbani, Punjab Kesari, Dainik Jagran, Hindustan Times, The Tribune, Dainik Bhaskar, Hind Samachar, etc.[10][11][12][13]

State-owned All India Radio has a local station in Jalandhar which transmits various programs of mass interest. FM Local radio stations include:

Healthcare

According to the Municipal Corporation of Jalandhar, there are over 420 hospitals in Jalandhar. The city claims to have highest number of hospitals in Asia. Some Of Them

  • PIMS Hospital
  • Guru Nanak Mission Hospital
  • Meena Gupta hospital
  • Patel Hospital
  • Jammu Hospital
  • Joshi Hospital
  • Bhutani Hospital
  • Sharanjeet Hospital
  • Ghai Hospital

Sports

File:Dog Show at-crop.jpg
Dog Show held at Guru Gobind Singh Stadium

Cricket

Cricket is very popular in grounds and streets of the city. There is a International-standard cricket stadium at Burlton Park. India played a Test Match against Pakistan in this ground in 24 September 1983

Kabaddi

Major Kabaddi matches are usually held at Guru Gobind Singh Stadium.

Guru Gobind Singh Stadium

Guru Gobind Singh Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Jalandhar. It is usually used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of JCT Mills Football Club. People can be seen jogging, playing soccer, weight-lifting, etc. in the stadium most of the time. Punjab Government has started new projects at the Stadium.

Surjit Hockey Stadium

Surjeet Hockey Stadium, is a field hockey stadium in Jalandhar, Punjab, India. It is named after Jalandhar born Olympian Surjit Singh.This stadium is home of the franchise Sher-e-Punjab of the World Series Hockey.

Sports College

There is a Government Sports College in the city and it is a focus for many of the National Sports Councils. In this College, many sports are played like cricket, hockey, swimming, volleyball, and basketball etc.

Education

Following are the lists for schools and colleges for studying in the Jalandhar city.

Schools

Main article: List of institutions of higher education in Punjab
St. Joseph's Boys' school in Jalandhar.

Colleges

Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology Jalandhar

Higher education institutions include:

Universities

Jalandhar Cantonment

Main article: Jalandhar Cantonment

Notable people

Bhagat Singh
File:Yash Chopra cropped.jpg
Yash Chopra
The Great Khali - Is from Shimla district on the way to Chopal. He belongs to the Rana Dynasty of Himachal
Amrish Puri
Ashwini Kumar Chopra
Harbhajan Singh
Rannvijay Singh
Karan Kundra
I. K. Gujral
Dharam Singh Uppal
Sugandha Mishra


Name Occupation
Yash Chopra Producer/Director[14]
Dr. Ranbir Singh Kanwar Sugarcane Researcher, Director of Research (Agriculture) PAU, Director of Research Himachal Pradesh Agricultural University[15]
Vanya Mishra Winner of Miss India Femina 2012
Lawrence Durrell Expatriate British novelist, poet, dramatist, and travel writer[16]
Sunil Dutt Actor[17]
Kundan Lal Saigal Actor/Singer[18]
Amrish Puri Actor[19]
K S Makhan Singer
Malkit Singh Singer
Jazzy B Singer
Sukhwinder Panchhi Singer
Apache Indian Singer
Sarbjit Cheema Singer
Kanth Kaler Singer
Master Saleem Singer
Hans Raj Hans Singer
Jagjit Singh Singer
Jasbir Jassi Singer
Bahadur Singh Indian former shot putter who won gold medal
Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq 4th Chief Martial Law Administrator and the sixth President of Pakistan
Diwan Bhai Abdul Hamid Revenue and Chief Minister of Kapurthala State
Hafeez Jullundhri Writer and poet
Baba Kashmira Singh Head of Sidhant Sant Samaj or Gurbani
Paul Nischal N.R.I President, first Indian candidate for the British Political Party
Col. Balbir Singh Kullar Hockey Player
Varinder Singh Ghuman Bodybuilder and Wrestler
Ajit Pal Singh Hockey Player
Surjit Singh Hockey Player
Pargat Singh Hockey Player
Inder Kumar Gujral Former Prime Minister of India
Harbhajan Singh Cricketer
Wasim Sajjad Two-time Acting President of Pakistan, Ex Chairman of Senate
Sheikh Anwarul Haq Former Chief Jistice
Mian Mohammed Sharif Surveyor General
Lala Amarnath Cricketer
Lala Jagat Narain Freedom fighter and founder of Punjab Kesri
Rannvijay Singh Indian Actor who acts in Bollywood and Punjabi Films and also a VJ on MTV India
Basheer Hussain Najafi One of the six Grand Ayatollahs
Sardar Swaran Singh Politician
Udham Singh (field hockey) Hockey Player
Darshan Singh (field hockey) Hockey Player
Salma Mumtaz Actress
Ashwini Kumar Chopra Journalist, Politician (MP-Karnal)
Kartar Singh Duggal Writer
Kulwant Singh Virk Writer
Ishar Singh (poet) Poet
Sadhu Singh Hamdard Freedom fighter and Writer
Prem Parkash Writer
Ajit Saini Writer and Army General
Hasrat Writer
Gurbachan Singh Talib Writer
Gurdial Singh Writer and novelist
Chaudhry Muhammad Ali Former Prime Minister of Pakistan
Swami Shraddhanand Indian educationist and an Arya Samaj missionary
Wazir Ali Cricketer
R. Paul Dhillon Indo-Canadian journalist
Arun Shourie Politician, author and journalist
Agha Sadiq Writer and poet
Dharam Singh Uppal Athlete
Balbir Singh, Sr. Hockey Player
Mandeep Singh Cricketer
Vimi Actress
Ranvir Shorey Actor
Sugandha Mishra Singer,Anchor,Comedian
Surbhi Jyoti Actress
General Zia ul Haq x Chief of army Staff and president of Pakistan
Garry Sandhu Singer
Diljit Dosanjh Singer
Ram Kapoor Actor

Vijay Sampla (State Minister in Union Govt) Bhagat Chunni Lal (Minister in Punjab Govt) Pawan Kumar Tinnu (State Govt) Mohinder Singh KP (Ex President Congrss Party Punjab) Sardar Butta singh(ex home minister of india)

References

  1. ^ http://www.pgsciencecity.org/contact.htm
  2. ^ http://www.mcjalandhar.in/comissiner-message.html
  3. ^ http://www.mcjalandhar.in/mayor-message.html/
  4. ^ http://jalandhar.nic.in/origin.aspx
  5. ^ http://www.weather.com/weather/monthly/INXX0060?from=dayDetails_bottomnav_business%7C title = Average Weather for Jalandhar — Temperature and Precipitation | accessdate = November 4, 2012 |publisher = The Weather Channel
  6. ^ http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_3_PR_UA_Citiees_1Lakh_and_Above.pdf
  7. ^ http://www.census2011.co.in/census/city/8-jalandhar.html
  8. ^ "Wonderland". Wonderlandthemepark. Retrieved 2012-12-22.
  9. ^ "DOORDARSHAN KENDRA, BHAGWAN MAHAVIR MARG, JALANDHAR CITY".
  10. ^ "हिन्दी समाचार | ताज़ा खबरें | विश्व समाचार - Punjab Kesari". Punjabkesari.in. Retrieved 2012-12-22.
  11. ^ "Jalandhar — Punjab — Page 1". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 2012-12-22.
  12. ^ "Jalandhar News, Jalandhar Hindi News, Jalandhar News Headlines, Daily News Paper, Local News". Bhaskar.com. Retrieved 2012-12-22.
  13. ^ "The Tribune, Chandigarh, India". Tribuneindia.com. Retrieved 2012-12-22.
  14. ^ http://www.hindustantimes.com/jalandhar/king-khan-salutes-yash-chopra-s-alma-mater/article1-956296.aspx. {{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  15. ^ Ranbir Singh Kanwar
  16. ^ http://www.themodernnovel.com/english/durrell/author.htm. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  17. ^ "village khurd in jalandhar".
  18. ^ "imdb".
  19. ^ "veethi".
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