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[[File:Minor Swing Django Reinhardt 1937 Swing 78.jpg|thumb|1937 release as a Swing 78.]]"'''Minor Swing'''" is a popular [[Gypsy jazz]] tune composed by [[Django Reinhardt]] and [[Stéphane Grappelli]]. It was first recorded by [[The Quintet of the Hot Club of France]] in 1937. It was recorded four other times throughout Reinhardt's career and is considered to be one of his most covered compositions, as well as a Gypsy [[jazz standard]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Django: The Life and Music of a Gypsy Legend |last=Dregni |first=Michael |year=2004 |publisher=Oxford University Press US |isbn=0-19-516752-X |page=138}}</ref>
[[File:Minor Swing Django Reinhardt 1937 Swing 78.jpg|thumb|1937 release as a Swing 78.]]"'''Minor Swing'''" is a popular [[Gypsy jazz]] tune composed by [[Django Reinhardt]] and [[Stéphane Grappelli]]. It was first recorded by [[The Quintet of the Hot Club of France]] in 1937. It was recorded five other times throughout Reinhardt's career and is considered to be one of his most covered compositions, as well as a Gypsy [[jazz standard]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Django: The Life and Music of a Gypsy Legend |last=Dregni |first=Michael |year=2004 |publisher=Oxford University Press US |isbn=0-19-516752-X |page=138}}</ref>
The composition was first released as a 78 single on the French Swing label in 1937 as SW.23A, Matrix #OLA1990-1, featuring Django Reinhardt and Stéphane Grappelli under the group name [[Quintette du Hot Club de France]].
The composition was first released as a 78 single on the French Swing label in 1937 as SW.23A, Matrix #OLA1990-1, featuring Django Reinhardt and Stéphane Grappelli under the group name [[Quintette du Hot Club de France]].
==Structure==
==Structure==
Minor Swing is written in the key of A minor. Interestingly, apart from the brief introduction and final coda or playout, there is no discernable melody, just a repeated sequence of chord changes over which the key players improvise continuously until by some mutual agreement the end is decided and the playout performed. The introduction comprises a set of partial arpeggios over the chords Am/Dm/Am/Dm/Am/Dm/E7, followed by the main changes which are Am/-/Dm/-/E7/-/Am/-/ which are followed by Dm/-/Am/-/E7/-/Am/E7/, then the cycle begins again, until the playout which comprises some set arpeggios following the pattern of the first half of the tune with one repeat. In some modern treatments, the E7 in the middle of the second stanza may be replaced with Bb7 (a [[tritone]] substitution) and/or the second stanza sometimes replaced with a [[cycle of fifths]] based treatment for effect, i.e. Dm7/G7/Cmaj7/Fmaj7/Bø/E7/Am (etc.).<ref>http://www.djangobooks.com/blog/analysis-and-breakdown-of-stochelo-rosenbergs-minor-swing-solo-from-live-at-the-north-sea-festival/</ref> Although the chord changes may appear unremarkable and the entire structure somewhat repetitive, in live performance it is a well known vehicle which permits the soloist or soloists to demonstrate their virtuosity and musical skill for creating interesting melodic and rhythmic excursions over the familiar chord patterns, as well as the opportunity to quote from Django's own recorded melodic inventions over his own tune.
Minor Swing is written in the key of A minor. Interestingly, apart from the brief introduction and final coda or playout, there is no discernable melody, just a repeated sequence of chord changes over which the key players improvise continuously until by some mutual agreement the end is decided and the playout performed. The introduction comprises a set of partial arpeggios over the chords Am/Dm/Am/Dm/Am/Dm/E7, followed by the main changes which are Am/-/Dm/-/E7/-/Am/-/ which are followed by Dm/-/Am/-/E7/-/Am/E7/, then the cycle begins again, until the playout which comprises some set arpeggios following the pattern of the first half of the tune with one repeat. In some modern treatments, the E7 in the middle of the second stanza may be replaced with Bb7 (a [[tritone]] substitution) and/or the second stanza sometimes replaced with a [[cycle of fifths]] based treatment for effect, i.e. Dm7/G7/Cmaj7/Fmaj7/Bø/E7/Am (etc.).<ref>http://www.djangobooks.com/blog/analysis-and-breakdown-of-stochelo-rosenbergs-minor-swing-solo-from-live-at-the-north-sea-festival/</ref> Although the chord changes may appear unremarkable and the entire structure somewhat repetitive, in live performance it is a well known vehicle which permits the soloist or soloists to demonstrate their virtuosity and musical skill for creating interesting melodic and rhythmic excursions over the familiar chord patterns, as well as the opportunity to quote from Django's own recorded melodic inventions over his own tune.


==Original Recordings of "Minor Swing" by Django Reinhardt, with/without Stephane Grappelli==
==Original Recordings of "Minor Swing" by Django Reinhardt, with/without Stéphane Grappelli==
The discography section of Charles Delaunay's Django Reinhardt biography lists the following sessions at which versions of "Minor Swing" were recorded:
The discography section of Charles Delaunay's Django Reinhardt biography<ref>{{cite book |title=Django Reinhardt |last=Delaunay |first=Charles |year=1981 |publisher=Ashley Mark Publishing Company |isbn=0-9506224-6-X |page=171ff}}</ref> lists the following sessions at which versions of "Minor Swing" were recorded:
*Paris, 25 November 1937: [[Django Reinhardt]], guitar; [[Stéphane Grappelli]], violin; Joseph Reinhardt & Eugene Vees, rhythm guitars; [[Louis Vola]], double bass
*Paris, 25 November 1937: [[Django Reinhardt]], guitar; [[Stéphane Grappelli]], violin; Joseph Reinhardt & Eugène Vées, rhythm guitars; [[Louis Vola]], double bass
*Paris, March 1947: [[Django Reinhardt]], guitar; Eddie Bernard, piano (French Radio broadcast; as "No Name Blues")
*Paris, March 1947: [[Django Reinhardt]], guitar; Eddie Bernard, piano (French Radio broadcast; as "No Name Blues")
*Paris, 29 August 1947: [[Django Reinhardt]], guitar; Maurice Mernier, clarinet; Eugene Vees, rhythm guitar; Emmanuel Soudieux, double bass; Andre Jourdan, drums
*Paris, 29 August 1947: [[Django Reinhardt]], guitar; Maurice Mernier, clarinet; Eugène Vées, rhythm guitar; Emmanuel Soudieux, double bass; André Jourdan, drums
*Brussels, December 1948: [[Django Reinhardt]], guitar; Hubert Rostaing, clarinet; Henri "Lousson" Baumgartner, rhythm guitar; Louis Vola, double bass; Arthur Motta, drums
*Rome, January/February 1949: [[Django Reinhardt]], guitar; [[Stéphane Grappelli]], violin; Gianni Safred, piano; Carlo Pecori, double bass; Aurelio de Carolis, drums
*Rome, January/February 1949: [[Django Reinhardt]], guitar; [[Stéphane Grappelli]], violin; Gianni Safred, piano; Carlo Pecori, double bass; Aurelio de Carolis, drums
*Rome, April-May 1950: [[Django Reinhardt]], guitar; Andre Ekyan, clarinet; Raph Schecroun, piano; Alf Masselier, double bass; Roger Paraboschi, drums
*Rome, April-May 1950: [[Django Reinhardt]], guitar; André Ekyan, clarinet; Raph Schecroun, piano; Alf Masselier, double bass; Roger Paraboschi, drums


==Covers==
==Covers==

Revision as of 06:38, 9 December 2015

1937 release as a Swing 78.

"Minor Swing" is a popular Gypsy jazz tune composed by Django Reinhardt and Stéphane Grappelli. It was first recorded by The Quintet of the Hot Club of France in 1937. It was recorded five other times throughout Reinhardt's career and is considered to be one of his most covered compositions, as well as a Gypsy jazz standard.[1]

The composition was first released as a 78 single on the French Swing label in 1937 as SW.23A, Matrix #OLA1990-1, featuring Django Reinhardt and Stéphane Grappelli under the group name Quintette du Hot Club de France.

Structure

Minor Swing is written in the key of A minor. Interestingly, apart from the brief introduction and final coda or playout, there is no discernable melody, just a repeated sequence of chord changes over which the key players improvise continuously until by some mutual agreement the end is decided and the playout performed. The introduction comprises a set of partial arpeggios over the chords Am/Dm/Am/Dm/Am/Dm/E7, followed by the main changes which are Am/-/Dm/-/E7/-/Am/-/ which are followed by Dm/-/Am/-/E7/-/Am/E7/, then the cycle begins again, until the playout which comprises some set arpeggios following the pattern of the first half of the tune with one repeat. In some modern treatments, the E7 in the middle of the second stanza may be replaced with Bb7 (a tritone substitution) and/or the second stanza sometimes replaced with a cycle of fifths based treatment for effect, i.e. Dm7/G7/Cmaj7/Fmaj7/Bø/E7/Am (etc.).[2] Although the chord changes may appear unremarkable and the entire structure somewhat repetitive, in live performance it is a well known vehicle which permits the soloist or soloists to demonstrate their virtuosity and musical skill for creating interesting melodic and rhythmic excursions over the familiar chord patterns, as well as the opportunity to quote from Django's own recorded melodic inventions over his own tune.

Original Recordings of "Minor Swing" by Django Reinhardt, with/without Stéphane Grappelli

The discography section of Charles Delaunay's Django Reinhardt biography[3] lists the following sessions at which versions of "Minor Swing" were recorded:

  • Paris, 25 November 1937: Django Reinhardt, guitar; Stéphane Grappelli, violin; Joseph Reinhardt & Eugène Vées, rhythm guitars; Louis Vola, double bass
  • Paris, March 1947: Django Reinhardt, guitar; Eddie Bernard, piano (French Radio broadcast; as "No Name Blues")
  • Paris, 29 August 1947: Django Reinhardt, guitar; Maurice Mernier, clarinet; Eugène Vées, rhythm guitar; Emmanuel Soudieux, double bass; André Jourdan, drums
  • Brussels, December 1948: Django Reinhardt, guitar; Hubert Rostaing, clarinet; Henri "Lousson" Baumgartner, rhythm guitar; Louis Vola, double bass; Arthur Motta, drums
  • Rome, January/February 1949: Django Reinhardt, guitar; Stéphane Grappelli, violin; Gianni Safred, piano; Carlo Pecori, double bass; Aurelio de Carolis, drums
  • Rome, April-May 1950: Django Reinhardt, guitar; André Ekyan, clarinet; Raph Schecroun, piano; Alf Masselier, double bass; Roger Paraboschi, drums

Covers

Notable Covers Include[4]

  • The David Grisman Quintet
  • Biréli Lagrène
  • Quinteto de Hernan Oliva in 1972
  • Jean Bonal in 1974
  • Eric McFadden and Stanton Hirsch
  • Mattias Eklundh on his Freak Guitar:The Road Less Travelled album.
  • Rachel Portman on the soundtrack for the 2000 film Chocolat
  • Esthero also samples the intro throughout her song "Wikked Lil' Grrrls".
  • The Rosenberg Trio in 1993
  • Martin Taylor in 1994
  • Angelo Debarre
  • Potzi Trio
  • Andy Leftwich (Album: Ride, 2003)
  • Dotschy Reinhardt has recorded a version which she calls "Girls Like Me/Django's Theme" along with original/new words in Romany and a recognisable tune, on her album "Sprinkled Eyes" (2006)
  • Swingrowers sample the original to create an electro swing version in 2012

In the media

Movies

Videogames

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Dregni, Michael (2004). Django: The Life and Music of a Gypsy Legend. Oxford University Press US. p. 138. ISBN 0-19-516752-X.
  2. ^ http://www.djangobooks.com/blog/analysis-and-breakdown-of-stochelo-rosenbergs-minor-swing-solo-from-live-at-the-north-sea-festival/
  3. ^ Delaunay, Charles (1981). Django Reinhardt. Ashley Mark Publishing Company. p. 171ff. ISBN 0-9506224-6-X.
  4. ^ Minor Swing. Second Hand Songs.
  5. ^ The Matrix (1999). Soundtracks. IMDB.
  6. ^ Chocolat (2000). Soundtracks. IMDB.
  7. ^ Mafia: The City of Lost Heaven.
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