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'''Pernus''' (Spir, rus=Спир, ger=Kippenhan) [[Silesia]]n [[coat of arms]] from the 13th century by [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor]], from ca. 1442 in Poland. In 1589 Paweł (Paul) Pernus, [[vogt]] of the Royal Court received [[indygenat]] (grant), of the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth|Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania]].
'''Pernus''' (Spir, rus=Спир, ger=Kippenhan) [[Silesia]]n [[coat of arms]] from the 13th century by [[Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor]], from ca. 1442 in Poland. In 1589 Paweł (Paul) Pernus, [[vogt]] of the Royal Court received [[indygenat]] (grant), of the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth|Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania]].


Developed in the early 13th century in [[Upper Silesia]], while the [[Mongol invasion of Europe]], from the legendary [[Lusatia]] and [[Meissen|Miśnia]] branch of the ancient Proto-Polish [[Gryf coat of arms]]. About tis time from the same ancient [[Gryf coat of arms]] the Germanised [[House of Pomerania]] and [[House of Mecklenburg]] developed.
Developed in the early 13th century in [[Upper Silesia]], while the [[Mongol invasion of Europe]], from the legendary [[Lusatia]] and [[Meissen|Miśnia]] branch of the ancient [[Boii|Celto]]-[[Slavs|Slavic]] Proto-Polish [[Gryf coat of arms]]. About tis time from the same ancient [[Gryf coat of arms]] the Germanised [[House of Pomerania]] and [[House of Mecklenburg]] developed.


The Pernus (local name Spyra) clan were keepers of the silver mines of [[:pl:Rozbark|Rozbark]] at the time of the [[Piast dynasty]], a cadet branch of the same
The Pernus (local name Spyra) clan were keepers of the silver mines of [[:pl:Rozbark|Rozbark]] at the time of the [[Piast dynasty]], a cadet branch of the same
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<small>The tinctures (colors) are: Azure = blue; Gules = red; Sable = black; Or = gold; Argent = silver; Vert = green. <br>
<small>The tinctures (colors) are: Azure = blue; Gules = red; Sable = black; Or = gold; Argent = silver; Vert = green. <br>
In heraldry all charges (pictures) on a shield are assumed to be facing dexter (right side).</small>
In heraldry all charges (pictures) on a shield are assumed to be facing dexter (right side).</small>

== Names used ==
[[File:White serbia white croatia01.png|thumb|right|200px|Main territories populated by the Pernus clan.]]
* Spyrn, Spirn (''archaic''). 
* Spyra (''west''), Spira (''east''), Spiera (''north''), Spera (''south''), Спир (''Russian''), Szpyra, Szpera (''on territories occupied by Germans''), Szpyrkowicz (''cadet'') and similar. 
* Pyrnus, Pernus, Pernusius (''urban forms, used in cities of [[Kraków]], [[Olomouc]], [[Brno]], [[Wrocław]] and abroad''). 
* de Kyppenheyn (''archaic German version''), von Kippenhan, [[Rudolf Kippenhahn|Kippenhahn]]<ref name="auto">{{cite book| language=[[Old Polish language]]| last =Niesiecki| first =Kasper | year =1740 | title =KORONA POLSKA Przy ZŁOTEY WOLNOŚCI Starożytnemi Rycerstwa Polskiego y Wielkiego Xięstwa Litewskiego KLEYNOTAMI, Naywyższemi Honorami, Heroicznym Męstwem, y odwagą, Wytworną Nauką, á naypierwey Cnotą, Pobożnością y Świątobliwością OZDOBIONA. Tom Trzeci. [[Lviv|Lwów]]: Drukarnia Collegium Lwowskiego Societatis JESU}}</ref> (''later German version'') - compare the French [[De Gaulle family]]. 
* Perskowd, Pętkowski, Spytecki… (''?'')<ref>{{cite web| language=Polish | url= http://polishgenealogy.blogspot.de/2009/09/spira.html | title= Polish Genealogy: Spira}}</ref>

The names appear in Poland, mostly in it's southern parts, predominantly in [[Upper Silesia]] (''in and around [[:pl:Rozbark|Rozbark]], [[Racibórz]] and [[Opole]]'') and neighbouring [[Lesser Poland]] (''in and around [[Kraków]] and [[Tarnów]]''). The Pernus version is almost extinct. The [[Germanization|germanised]] [[Rudolf Kippenhahn|Kippenhahn]] version still survives on territories occupied by Germany and in Bohemia.<ref>{{cite web| url= http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=de&tl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fsz-magazin.sueddeutsche.de%2Ftexte%2Fanzeigen%2F38523%2FBesuch-beim-Sonnengott | title= Visit to the Sun God | author= Thomas Bärnthaler | publisher=sueddeutsche.de }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url= http://sz-magazin.sueddeutsche.de/texte/anzeigen/38523/Besuch-beim-Sonnengott | title= Besuch beim Sonnengott | author= Thomas Bärnthaler | publisher=sueddeutsche.de | language=German }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url= http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=de&tl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.goettinger-tageblatt.de%2FCampus%2FGoettingen%2FEine-Entwicklung-die-die-ganze-Welt-betrifft | title=A Development that Affects the Whole World. | author= Florian Heinz | publisher=goettinger-tageblatt.de }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.goettinger-tageblatt.de/Campus/Goettingen/Eine-Entwicklung-die-die-ganze-Welt-betrifft | title=Eine Entwicklung, die die ganze Welt betrifft. | author= Florian Heinz | publisher=goettinger-tageblatt.de | language=German }}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url= https://www.uni-goettingen.de/en/216836.html | title= Institute for Astrophysics | publisher=uni-goettingen.de }}</ref> The Spyra and Spira versions, since the soviet expulsion of [[Poles]] from [[Silesia]], appear increasingly in [[Germany]]. Traces, dating back to the 6th-9th centuries' migration of [[White Serbia|White Serbs]] and [[White Croatia|White Croats]], are still present in [[Slovenia]], [[Styria]] and [[Carantania]] (''currently Austria''). 

The Spira variant of the name not to be confused with the same name often used by [[Jews]], preferably as [[Polonization|polonized]] version of Saphiro or related to the city of [[Speyer]].


== Notable bearers ==
== Notable bearers ==

Revision as of 15:41, 16 December 2015

Pernus (Spir, rus=Спир, ger=Kippenhan) Silesian coat of arms from the 13th century by Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor, from ca. 1442 in Poland. In 1589 Paweł (Paul) Pernus, vogt of the Royal Court received indygenat (grant), of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

Developed in the early 13th century in Upper Silesia, while the Mongol invasion of Europe, from the legendary Lusatia and Miśnia branch of the ancient Celto-Slavic Proto-Polish Gryf coat of arms. About tis time from the same ancient Gryf coat of arms the Germanised House of Pomerania and House of Mecklenburg developed.

The Pernus (local name Spyra) clan were keepers of the silver mines of Rozbark at the time of the Piast dynasty, a cadet branch of the same Proto-Polish Lechite Gryf coat of arms.

Blazon

Azure, three Gules-Or pears with Vert leaves facig upwards on an Argent band falling diagonally. Argent rooster head, Or beaked with Gules comb and wattles in the Crest. Azure, Argent backed Mantling.

The Polish historian Józef Szymański reports after the heralder Zygmunt Wdowiszewski an alternative version, where the pears are Or completely and the leaves Gules-Or.

The tinctures (colors) are: Azure = blue; Gules = red; Sable = black; Or = gold; Argent = silver; Vert = green.
In heraldry all charges (pictures) on a shield are assumed to be facing dexter (right side).

Names used

Main territories populated by the Pernus clan.
  • Spyrn, Spirn (archaic). 
  • Spyra (west), Spira (east), Spiera (north), Spera (south), Спир (Russian), Szpyra, Szpera (on territories occupied by Germans), Szpyrkowicz (cadet) and similar. 
  • Pyrnus, Pernus, Pernusius (urban forms, used in cities of Kraków, Olomouc, Brno, Wrocław and abroad). 
  • de Kyppenheyn (archaic German version), von Kippenhan, Kippenhahn[1] (later German version) - compare the French De Gaulle family. 
  • Perskowd, Pętkowski, Spytecki… (?)[2]

The names appear in Poland, mostly in it's southern parts, predominantly in Upper Silesia (in and around Rozbark, Racibórz and Opole) and neighbouring Lesser Poland (in and around Kraków and Tarnów). The Pernus version is almost extinct. The germanised Kippenhahn version still survives on territories occupied by Germany and in Bohemia.[3][4][5][6][7] The Spyra and Spira versions, since the soviet expulsion of Poles from Silesia, appear increasingly in Germany. Traces, dating back to the 6th-9th centuries' migration of White Serbs and White Croats, are still present in Slovenia, Styria and Carantania (currently Austria). 

The Spira variant of the name not to be confused with the same name often used by Jews, preferably as polonized version of Saphiro or related to the city of Speyer.

Notable bearers

In chronologic order:

  • (Jaxa?) Pernus of Pirna.
  • Spyrn of Rozbark.
  • Spyra of Rozbark.
  • Jerzy Kyppenheyn, Kraków - father of Walerian.
  • Waleryan Pyrnus vel Walerian Pernus vel Valerianus Pernusius, Kraków. - Landowner. Son of Cracow alderman Jerzy Kyppenheyn; studied in Cracow (since 1526) and in Paris (1530-1536), where obtained master's degree in Liberal Arts; in 1536-1540 lecturer at Cracow University.[8][9] Owner of Pernus Palais in Kraków.[10]
  • Seweryn Pernus, Kraków. - Merchant (kupiec AP Kraków, rkps 2559, s. 37; rkps 2574, s. 48; rkps 26, s. 582, 751; rkps 454, s. 395, 519; rkps 455, s. 271-273; wiert, nr 600, 607).[11]
  • Paweł Pernus, Kraków. - Wójt (Voigt) of Kraków. Indygenat (grant) in 1589 (Paweł Pernus wójt krak. Nobilitowany w 1589 r. AP Kraków, rkps 2559, s. 4; rkps 23, s. 673; rkps 26, s. 44, 569; rkps 27, s. 161; wiert, nr 526, 534; Chmiel 1924, s. 18; J. Bieniarzówna, Pernus Paweł, PSB, t. 25, s. 635-636; Trelińska, nr 495; Noga, s. 233.).[12][13]
  • Daniel Pernus vel Dan Pernusius, Kraków. - Married 1641 with Marianna Moczarska.[14][15]
  • Mikołaj Pernus, Kraków. - Married 1641 with Barbara Petrycówna.[16]
  • Elżbieta Pernus(ówna), Kraków. - Married in 1653 to Albert Konecki.
  • Jadwiga Pernus(ówna), Kraków. - Married in 1655 to Jakub (Jacob) Reynekier, Doctor of Medicine and Philosophy.[17]
  • Paweł Pernus vel Paulus Pernusius, Kraków. - Studied in Heidelberg (1663-1668).
  • Jan Pernus, Kraków. - Councilor of Kraków (around 1669-1677).[18]
  • Katarzyna Pernus, Kraków. - Wife of Jan Pernus.
  • Kazimierz Spyra of Rozbark - (ca. 1730-1800) - Landowner, mines owner, keeper of the treasure father of Mateusz.
  • Jan Spyra of Rozbark - (ca. 1740-1810) - Father of Maria.
  • Józef Spyra of Rozbark - (ca. 1740-1810) - Father of Andrzej.
  • Mateusz Spyra of Rozbark - (ca. 1740-1810) - Landowner, keeper of the treasure, father of Agnieszka.
  • Maria Spyra of Rozbark - (1762-) - Daughter of Jan.
  • Mateusz Spyra (Matius Spiera) of Rozbark - (1762-1808) - Son of Kazimierz. Landowner, keeper of the treasure - brutally assassinated in the public.[19][20]
  • Agnieszka Spyra of Rozbark - (1764-) - Daughter of Mateusz.
  • Andrzej Spyra of Rozbark - (1764-) - Son of Józef.
  • Paweł Spyra of Rozbark
  • Piotr Spyra of Rozbark - (ca. 1860-1920) - Landowner, miller, keeper of the treasure. Visited Pope Leo XIII to discuss Otto von Bismarck's ethnocide Kulturkampf.
  • Feliks Spyra of Rozbark - Merchant, keeper of the treasure.
  • Jakub Spyra of Rozbark - Landowner, stud owner, keeper of the treasure.
  • Jan Spyra of Rozbark - (ca. 1860-1920) - Landowner, mines owner, keeper of the treasure, founder of the Church of St. Hyacinth of Poland. Visited Pope Leo XIII to discuss Otto von Bismarck's ethnocide Kulturkampf.
  • Franciszek Spyra of Rozbark - Landowner, keeper of the treasure.
  • Franciszek II Spyra of Rozbark - Landowner, keeper of the treasure, founder of the Church of St. Hyacinth of Poland.
  • Jan II Spyra of Rozbark (1862-1929) - Father of Józef and Wawrzyniec. Landowner, mines owner, keeper of the treasure, founder of the Church of St. Hyacinth of Poland.
  • Spyra (Spira) of Opole - grain merchants, clergy.
  • Leon Spyra (Spira), Kraków - House owner.
  • Jan V Spyra of Rozbark
  • Piotr III Spyra of Rozbark - Landowner, haulier, keeper of the treasure.
  • Piotr V Spyra of Rozbark -Landowner, keeper of the treasure
  • Alojzy Spyra of Rozbark - Landowner, keeper of the treasure
  • Aleksander Spyra of Rozbark - Landowner, keeper of the treasure.
  • Antoni Spyra of Rozbark - Landowner, keeper of the treasure.
  • Julia Spyra of Rozbark - Landowner, keeper of the treasure.
  • Jerzy Spyra of Rozbark
  • Albert Spyra of Rozbark
  • Robert Spyra of Rozbark
  • Kasper Spyra of Rozbark (-1939)
  • Tomasz Spyra of Rozbark (-1941)
  • Ludwik Spyra of Rozbark (-1943)
  • Franciszek Spyra of Rozbark (-1944)
  • Rozalia Spyra of Rozbark
  • Franciszka Spyra of Rozbark - Landowner, keeper of the treasure.
  • Stefan I Spyra of Rozbark - Landowner, keeper of the treasure.
  • Jacek Spyra of Rozbark (-1945) - Landowner, keeper of the treasure.
  • Antoni Spyra of Rozbark (-1946) - Landowner, keeper of the treasure.
  • Piotr Spyra of Rozbark (-1948) - Landowner, keeper of the treasure.
  • Jan Spyra of Rozbark (-1953)
  • Józef Spyra of Rozbark (1893-1954) - Son of Jan II. Landowner, jet engine developer
  • Paweł Spyra of Rozbark

References

  1. ^ Niesiecki, Kasper (1740). KORONA POLSKA Przy ZŁOTEY WOLNOŚCI Starożytnemi Rycerstwa Polskiego y Wielkiego Xięstwa Litewskiego KLEYNOTAMI, Naywyższemi Honorami, Heroicznym Męstwem, y odwagą, Wytworną Nauką, á naypierwey Cnotą, Pobożnością y Świątobliwością OZDOBIONA. Tom Trzeci. Lwów: Drukarnia Collegium Lwowskiego Societatis JESU (in Old Polish language).{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  2. ^ "Polish Genealogy: Spira" (in Polish).
  3. ^ Thomas Bärnthaler. "Visit to the Sun God". sueddeutsche.de.
  4. ^ Thomas Bärnthaler. "Besuch beim Sonnengott" (in German). sueddeutsche.de.
  5. ^ Florian Heinz. "A Development that Affects the Whole World". goettinger-tageblatt.de.
  6. ^ Florian Heinz. "Eine Entwicklung, die die ganze Welt betrifft" (in German). goettinger-tageblatt.de.
  7. ^ "Institute for Astrophysics". uni-goettingen.de.
  8. ^ "Corpus of Joannes Dantiscus' - Texts & Correspondence". CIDT&TC.
  9. ^ "Bibliography of Estreicher - Index of Old Polish Bibliography".
  10. ^ "Kraków na starych widokówkach. Starostwo powiatowe" (PDF).
  11. ^ Polska Akademia Nauk, Instytut Historii (2008). Atlas Historyczny Polski, Województwo Krakowskie w drugiej połowie XVI wieku. Część II (in Polish). ISBN 978-83-7543-071-4.
  12. ^ Polska Akademia Nauk, Instytut Historii (2008). Atlas Historyczny Polski, Województwo Krakowskie w drugiej połowie XVI wieku. Część II (in Polish). ISBN 978-83-7543-071-4.
  13. ^ Niesiecki, Kasper (1740). KORONA POLSKA Przy ZŁOTEY WOLNOŚCI Starożytnemi Rycerstwa Polskiego y Wielkiego Xięstwa Litewskiego KLEYNOTAMI, Naywyższemi Honorami, Heroicznym Męstwem, y odwagą, Wytworną Nauką, á naypierwey Cnotą, Pobożnością y Świątobliwością OZDOBIONA. Tom Trzeci. Lwów: Drukarnia Collegium Lwowskiego Societatis JESU (in Old Polish language).{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  14. ^ "Catalogue of Polish Nobility". katalogszlachty.com.
  15. ^ "BIBLIOTHECA CHIRURGICA…". Stephanus Hieronymus de Vigili von Creutzenfeld. 1781.
  16. ^ "Catalogue of Polish Nobility - Kraków 1585-1645". katalogszlachty.com.
  17. ^ "Catalogue of Polish Nobility - Kraków 1646-1676". katalogszlachty.com.
  18. ^ "Catalogue of Polish Nobility - Kraków 1676-1695". katalogszlachty.com.
  19. ^ "Bytom, Piekarska". brodek.
  20. ^ "Bytom, Matius Spiera". helisiostra.
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