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*[[Salafism]]<ref name=Guardian7Nov>{{cite news|title=Syria crisis: Saudi Arabia to spend millions to train new rebel force|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/nov/07/syria-crisis-saudi-arabia-spend-millions-new-rebel-force|publisher=The Guardian|date=7 November 2013|accessdate=10 November 2013}}</ref>
*[[Salafism]]<ref name=Guardian7Nov>{{cite news|title=Syria crisis: Saudi Arabia to spend millions to train new rebel force|url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/nov/07/syria-crisis-saudi-arabia-spend-millions-new-rebel-force|publisher=The Guardian|date=7 November 2013|accessdate=10 November 2013}}</ref>
|leaders=Sheikh [[Zahran Alloush]] {{KIA}}<ref name="ISW">{{cite web|url=http://www.understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/The-Free-Syrian-Army-24MAR.pdf|title=The Free Syrian Army|last=O'Bagy|first=Elizabeth|publisher=[[Institute for the Study of War]]|date=24 March 2013|accessdate=10 November 2013}}</ref>
|leaders=Sheikh [[Zahran Alloush]] {{KIA}}<ref name="ISW">{{cite web|url=http://www.understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/The-Free-Syrian-Army-24MAR.pdf|title=The Free Syrian Army|last=O'Bagy|first=Elizabeth|publisher=[[Institute for the Study of War]]|date=24 March 2013|accessdate=10 November 2013}}</ref>
Abu Hammam al Buwaidani (2015-present)
|groups=
|groups=
|headquarters= [[Damascus]]<ref name="rise"/>
|headquarters= [[Damascus]]<ref name="rise"/>

Revision as of 22:50, 25 December 2015

Not to be confused with Army of Islam (Gaza Strip).
Jaysh al-Islam
جيش الإسلام
LeadersSheikh Zahran Alloush  †[1] Abu Hammam al Buwaidani (2015-present)
Dates of operation2011–2013 (as Liwa al-Islam)
2013–present (as united faction)
HeadquartersDamascus[2]
Active regionsArsal, Lebanon[3]
Damascus, Rif Dimashq, and Homs Governorate,[4] Syria
IdeologySunni Islamism[5]
Part ofIslamic Front[6]
Mujahideen Shura Council[7]
Syrian Revolutionary Command Council[8]
Fatah Halab[9]
Unified Military Command of Eastern Ghouta[10][11]
Jaysh al- Islam/al- Rahman Legion[12][13]
al Marj Operations Room[14]
AlliesSaudi Arabia[15]
Turkey[16]
Free Syrian Army[17]
Ahrar ash-Sham[18]
Ajnad al-Sham Islamic Union
Army of Mujahedeen
Alweiat Al-Furqan
Sham Legion[19]
Jabhat al-Akrad[20]
OpponentsSyrian Armed Forces
PFLP – GC
Liwa Abu al-Fadhal al-Abbas
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant[21]
Jaysh al-Ummah
Jabhat al-Nusra (In Ghouta)[22]
Battles and warsSyrian Civil War
Websitewww.jaishalislam.com Edit this at Wikidata

Jaysh al-Islam (Template:Lang-ar, meaning Army of Islam), formerly known as Liwa al-Islam or the Brigade of Islam, is a coalition of multiple Islamist and Salafist units involved in the Syrian Civil War.[15] Its primary base of operations are the Damascus neighbourhoods of Douma and Eastern Ghouta.[2] Jaysh al-Islam is the largest rebel faction in the area,[27] as was its predecessor.[28] The group is part of the Islamic Front.[6] The organization has rejected membership of the Free Syrian Army.[29] It has been critical of Hamas, accusing Khaled Mashal of having Iranian links.[30]

Jaysh al-Islam recruits during a military parade with a captured T-72AV

History

Liwa al-Islam

Liwa al-Islam was established by Zahran Alloush, the son of Saudi-based religious scholar Abdullah Mohammed Alloush, after Syrian authorities released him from prison in mid-2011 where he had been serving time for his Salafist activism.[31] The group claimed responsibility for carrying out the July 2012 Damascus bombing that killed Defense Minister Dawoud Rajiha, Deputy Defense Minister Asef Shawkat, and Assistant Vice President Hassan Turkmani. Liwa al-Islam was a driving force behind actions in the Damascus region. It cooperated and conducted joint operations with the Al-Nusra Front.[1]

Merger

On 29 September 2013, 50 rebel factions operating mostly around Damascus announced they were merging into a new group called Jaysh al-Islam. Liwa al-Islam was the dominant faction in this merger, and its leader Zahran Alloush was announced as the leader of Jaysh al-Islam.[32][33] Thirty-eight of the original groups listed as joining the merger were already members of, or affiliated with, Liwa al Islam.[34][35] By November 2013, 60 groups had merged into Jaysh al-Islam,[36] and more than 175 rebel groups around Syria expressed a desire to join it.[36]

The new group's creation was said to have been negotiated and spearheaded by Saudi Arabia, who believed that the Al-Nusra Front was gaining too much strength.[15] After the merger, The Guardian reported that Saudi Arabia was preparing to give the group millions of dollars to "arm and train" its fighters,[5] and use instructors from Pakistan to help train the group.[37] Jaysh al-Islam has criticized the Syrian National Coalition, stating that the group should be led by those who are fighting in Syria rather than leaders in exile.[15] On 26 April 2015, along with other major Aleppo based groups, they established the Fatah Halab joint operations room.[9][38]

Ideology

Jaysh al-Islam ex-leader Zahran Alloush gave a speech on the merits of Hajj in 2013 and praised Usama bin Laden, addressing him by the honorific "Sheikh" and the honorific "rahimahu Allah" for making Hajj around 91 or 92 when Alloush was at the Islamic University of Medina.[39] Alloush addressed the Al-Qaeda organization Jabhat al-Nusra as "our brothers", saying that "The summary of this issue is that we in Jaish Al-Islam praise our brothers of the Nusrah Front and we don't consider them Khawarij as is propagated against us, We fight alongside them and they fight alongside us".[40]

Alloush gave a speech during Ramadan of 2013 attacking Shia whom he called "Rafidis" and Alawites, whom he called "Nusayris" and the "Majus" (Zoroastrians), saying "the Mujahideen of Shaam will cleanse Shaam of the Filth of Rafidis & Rafidism, they will cleanse it for ever in sha Allah, till they will cleanse the land of Shaam of the filth of the Majoos (Fireworshippers) who fought the Religion of Allah the Almighty","the Shia are still despicable & pitiful though history", "And I give you the news, oh Filthy Rafidis: Just as Banu Umayya crushed your heads in the Past, the people of Ghouta & Shaam will crush them soon, They will make you taste a painful torment in this world, before Allah makes you taste it in the Hereafter, Oh you unclean Rafidis! You will collide into what you've never expected of Power from the Mujahideen of Islam".[41][42][43][44][45][46]

Alloush has called Shia, Alawites, and Iranians by the names "Rafidi", "Nusayri", and "Majusi" (Magi, a term in Arabic referring to Zoroastrians).[47]

Alloush said that Alawites are "more infidel than Jews and Christians." (أكفر من اليهود والنصارى), addressing the Alawites as "Nusayri" (النصيرية).[48] which was originally from a fatwa about Alawites issued by Ibn Taymiyyah.[49]

Alloush claimed that "Our nation has a great thirst for an Islamic state" and attacked democracy after an interviewer asked Alloush "Can you accept a civil, democratic, and pluralistic state".[50][51][52][53][54][55][56]

Zahran Alloush claimed that "The one who looks in the modern time sees that since the Jihad was established in the Islamic world from Afghanistan to Chechnya, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Africa, Iraq, Somalia and now Syria, the West deals with the Jihad with a double standard. First they want to use the Jihad to spread extremism then import the sons of the Islamic world to unite them under an ideology that makes the general Muslims hate the Religion".[57] Alloush also railed against social media.[58]

The former official Twitter account of Zahran Alloush zahran1970 which was suspended by twitter, sent out multiple direct messages calling people "soldier of the Nusayri Electronic Army" and "follower of the Jew ibn Saba'", and "enemy of Allah", along with the last portion of Quran verse 3:119 (قل موتوا بغيظكم إن الله عليم بذات الصدور) which tells people to die in rage and that Allah knows what is in their breasts.[59]

Jaysh al-Islam released a video glorifying the Umayyads and the conquest of the Levant by the Muslims.[60][61]

The Islamic Front criticized ISIS (Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant), saying: "They killed the people of Islam and leave the idol worshippers" (يقتلون أهل الإسلام ويدعون أهل الأوثان) and "They use the verses talking about the disbelievers and implement it on the Muslims" (ينزلون أيات نزلت في الكفار على المسلمين).[62]

Jaysh al-Islam released a video showing the execution of ISIS members and showed a Jaysh al-Islam Sharī'ah official named Shaykh Abu Abd ar-Rahman Ka'ka (الشيخ أبو عبد الرحمن كعكة) gave a speech condemning "those who want (ISIS) to achieve" (وما الذي يريدون أن يحققوه), as "of the Madhhab of the Khawarij" (إنه مذهب الخوارج), "madhhab of hypocrisy" (مذهب النفاق), "madhhab of Abdullah ibn Saba' the Jew, who are joined with those under the banner of the dogs of (hell) fire "( مذهب عبد الله بن سبأ اليهودي إنه الإنضمام تحت لواء كلاب أهل النار).[63]

Zahran Alloush gave a speech exhorting his fighters to fight against "the Magi and Rafidi enemies" whom he accused of trying to establish a "Magi state", and a "Persian state".[64][65]

In July 2015 Alloush accused "international forces" of waging a media war of jihadists such as his own Jaysh al-Islam.[66]

Zahran Alloush's official Facebook handle is zhran1970 and his twitter handles are zahranalloush and zahran1970 (suspended).[67][68][69]

Notable incidents

Capture of sophisticated equipment

On 6 October 2012, Liwa al-Islam captured two 9K33 Osa SAM systems in Eastern Ghouta with at least 12 missiles total.[70] A video was posted on 29 July 2013, with it being used to shoot down a Syrian Mil Mi-8.[71] In November 2013, the group captured two training-jets (L-39s used by the government as jet fighters) from the Syrian Air Force and showed them on the runway.[72] But so far, they haven't been used in combat.

Role in Adra Massacre

Main article: Adra massacre

On 11 December 2013, Al-Nusra Front entered the industrial town of Adra and targeted minority civilians, killing at least 32 Alawites, Christians, Druze and Ismailites. Some were shot at point-blank range, while others were beheaded.[73] By 31 December, the Syrian state media outlet, SANA, reported that thousands of civilians had been evacuated from the town.[citation needed] Some unconfirmed reports have claimed Jaysh al-Islam fighters were involved in the massacre.[74]

Filmed execution of ISIL members

On 30 June 2015, Jaysh al-Islam's website published a 20-minute video that showed its fighters executing 18 alleged ISIL militants by shotgun. The video mimics the imagery that ISIL has used for similar filmed executions; however, it reversed the imagery by having the executioners wearing orange prisoner outfits and the victims being dressed in black robes. The video, which included some English subtitles, stated the killings were in revenge for recent beheadings of captured Jaysh al-Islam fighters by ISIL.[75][76]

Attack on Adra Prison

In August[77] and September, 2015, Jaysh al-Islam shelled and stormed Adra Prison. As of September 12, 2015, it had taken control of two buildings.[78][79]

Usage of caged captives as human shields

On November 1, 2015, an opposition media outlet, Shaam News Network, posted a video showing Jaysh al-Islam militants had locked people in cages and spread out 100 cages containing 7 captives through Eastern Ghouta, northeast of Damascus, to use them as human shields against Syrian government air raids.[80][81] According to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, the caged people being used as human shields were captured Alawite military officers and their families who had been kidnapped by Jaish al-Islam two years ago outside Adra al-Ummaliyah, a government-held neighbourhood in Eastern Ghouta.[82]

December 25 airstrike

On December 25, 2015, the group's founder Zahran Alloush was reportedly killed, along with several other leaders of the group, in Russian air strike on the suburbs of Damascus.[83]

Member groups

3

See also

References

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