Occupied Enemy Territory Administration: Difference between revisions

Occupied Enemy Territory Administration
Occupied Enemy Territory Administration
1917–1920
	Area of the Occupied Enemy Territory Administration in Syria and Palestine
Status	Occupied territory
Common languages	Arabic, Ottoman Turkish, French, English
History
• Established	1917
• San Remo conference	19 to 26 April 1920
• Disestablished	1920
Preceded by	Succeeded by
	Ottoman Empire
	Mutasarrifate of Jerusalem
Mandatory Palestine
Arab Kingdom of Syria
Greater Lebanon
Alawite State
Today part of	Syria; Lebanon; Iraq; Palestinian National Authority; Jordan; Israel; Turkey

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Revision as of 06:43, 31 January 2016

The Occupied Enemy Territory Administration or OETA^[a] was a joint British and French military administration over Levantine and Mesopotamian provinces of the former Ottoman Empire between 1918–20, set up following the Sinai and Palestine Campaign of World War I. The administration ended following the assignment of the French Mandate of Syria and Lebanon and British Mandate for Palestine at the 19–26 April 1920 San Remo conference.

History

Following British and French occupation, the region was split into three administrative sub-units, which varied very little from the previous Ottoman divisions.^[1] OETA South, consisting of the Ottoman sanjaks of Jerusalem, Nablus and Acre, OETA North (later renamed OETA West) consisting of the Ottoman sanjaks of Beirut, Lebanon, Lataqiya and a number of sub-districts, and OETA East consisting of the Ottoman sanjaks of Syria and Hejaz. But, success of Turkish War of Independence, Maraş, Antep and Urfa sanjaks of former Halep Eyalet remained in Turkey after 1921. Also, Antakya and İskenderun kazas of Halep Sanjak in one were separated as the Republic of Hatay in 1938. The republic joined to Turkey in 1939.

When the British forces occupied Ethiopia, Libya and other Italian colonies during World War II, the OETA was revived as the administrative structure by which the British governed these territories.^[2] In Ethiopia, Emperor Haile Selassie was allowed to return and claim his throne, but the OETA authorities ruled the country for some time before full sovereignty was restored to Ethiopia.

Military administrators

OETA South

Field Marshal Edmund Allenby (Dec 1917 – Jun 1918)

When Allenby first assumed command of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force he quickly joined the army in the field leaving the political and administrative problems related to the Egyptian Mandate to a Government appointee with a suitable staff. The area of formerly Ottoman territory now under occupation also required management, and with the approval of the Government, Allenby appointed a Chief Administrator for Palestine. He divided the country into four districts: Jerusalem, Jaffa, Majdal and Beersheba, each under a military governor. Under this administration the immediate needs of the people were provided for, seed grain and live–stock were imported and distributed, finance on easy terms was made available through the Army bankers, a stable currency was set up and postal services restored.^[3] Allenby insisted that while military administration was required it was to remain his responsibility.^[4]

Major General Arthur Wigram Money (Jun 1918 – Jun 1919)
Major General H.D. Watson (Jun 1919 – Dec 1919)
Lieutenant-General Louis Bols (Dec 1919 – Jul 1920)

OETA East

Rida al-Rikabi

Notes

^ Pronounced "o-eet-a".^[5]

References

^ Israel: the first hundred years, Efraim Karsh
^ Harold G. Marcus. Haile Selassie and Italians, 1941–1943. Northeast African Studies, Vol. 10, No. 3 (New Series) 2003, pp. 19–25. (Online version of the article).
^ Keogh, E. G.; Joan Graham (1955). Suez to Aleppo. Melbourne: Directorate of Military Training by Wilkie & Co. OCLC 220029983. p. 202–3
^ Hughes, Matthew, ed. (2004). Allenby in Palestine: The Middle East Correspondence of Field Marshal Viscount Allenby June 1917 – October 1919. Army Records Society. Vol. 22. Phoenix Mill, Thrupp, Stroud, Gloucestershire: Sutton Publishing Ltd. ISBN 978-0-7509-3841-9. Allenby to Robertson 25 January 1918 in Hughes 2004, p. 128
^ The memoirs of Sir Ronald Storrs

[pronounciation-1] Pronounced "o-eet-a".^[5]

[2] Israel: the first hundred years, Efraim Karsh

[3] Harold G. Marcus. Haile Selassie and Italians, 1941–1943. Northeast African Studies, Vol. 10, No. 3 (New Series) 2003, pp. 19–25. (Online version of the article).

[4] Keogh, E. G.; Joan Graham (1955). Suez to Aleppo. Melbourne: Directorate of Military Training by Wilkie & Co. OCLC 220029983. p. 202–3

[5] Hughes, Matthew, ed. (2004). Allenby in Palestine: The Middle East Correspondence of Field Marshal Viscount Allenby June 1917 – October 1919. Army Records Society. Vol. 22. Phoenix Mill, Thrupp, Stroud, Gloucestershire: Sutton Publishing Ltd. ISBN 978-0-7509-3841-9. Allenby to Robertson 25 January 1918 in Hughes 2004, p. 128

[6] The memoirs of Sir Ronald Storrs

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@@ Line 41: / Line 41: @@
 |currency    =
 |common_languages = [[Arabic language|Arabic]], [[Ottoman Turkish language|Ottoman Turkish]], [[French language|French]], [[English language|English]]
-|today       = {{flag|Syria}}<br>{{flag|Lebanon}}<br>{{flag|Iraq}}<br>{{flag|Palestine}}<br>{{flag|Jordan}}<br>{{flag|Israel}}<br>{{flag|Turkey}}
+|today       = {{flag|Syria}}<br>{{flag|Lebanon}}<br>{{flag|Iraq}}<br>{{flag| Palestinian National Authority}}<br>{{flag|Jordan}}<br>{{flag|Israel}}<br>{{flag|Turkey}}
 }}
 The '''Occupied Enemy Territory Administration''' or '''OETA'''{{efn|name=pronounciation}} was a [[Condominium (international law)|joint]] British and French military administration over Levantine and Mesopotamian provinces of the former Ottoman Empire between 1918–20, set up following the [[Sinai and Palestine Campaign]] of [[World War I]]. The administration ended following the assignment of the [[French Mandate of Syria and Lebanon]] and [[British Mandate for Palestine]] at the 19–26 April 1920 [[San Remo conference]].